[1152] For the discussion as to whether Semites or Sumerians were the earlier occupants of Babylonia see p. 263 above.
[1153] Hugo Winckler, "Die Völker Vorderasiens," Der Alte Orient, I. 1900, pp. 14-15 and Auszug aus der Vorderasiatische Geschichte, 1905, p. 2.
[1154] Cf. A. C. Haddon, Wanderings of Peoples, 1911, p. 21.
[1155] J. L. Myres, The Dawn of History, 1911, pp. 118-9. For an admirable description of the Semitic migrations see pp. 104-5, and for the geographical aspect, see E. C. Semple, Influences of Geographic Environment: on the basis of Ratzel's System of Anthropo-Geography, 1911, pp. 6-7 and under "Nomads" in the Index.
[1156] G. Elliot Smith, The Ancient Egyptians, 1911, p. 133.
[1157] C. H. W. Johns, Ancient Babylonia, 1913, pp. 18-19. For culture see pp. 16-17.
[1158] O. Procksch, "Die Völker Altpalästinas," Das Land der Bibel, I. 2, 1914.
[1159] Cf. E. Meyer, "Sumerier und Semiten in Babylonien," Abh. der Königl. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaft. 1906; L. W. King, History of Sumer and Akkad, 1910, p. 40 ff.
[1160] In the Assyrians von Luschan detects traces of the hyperbrachycephalic people of Asia Minor and Armenia, for they appear to differ from the pure Semites especially in the shape of the nose. Meyer regards this variation as possibly due to a prehistoric population, but, he adds, studies of physical types both historically and anthropologically are in their infancy. E. Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums, I. 2, 1909, § 330 A.
[1161] C. H. W. Johns, Ancient Assyria, 1912, p. 8.