Pan, a name occasionally employed for the genus containing the chimpanzee. Most authorities place the chimpanzee and the gorilla in the genus Anthropopithecus.
Hylobatinæ, the sub-family containing the gibbons.
Palæopithecus, Dryopithecus, Palæosimia, and Sivapithecus are extinct simians.
Pan vetus is the name suggested by Miller[1356] for the supposed chimpanzee whose jaw was found associated with the Piltdown cranium. He says "The Piltdown remains include parts of a brain-case showing fundamental characters not hitherto known except in members of the genus Homo, and a mandible, two molars, and an upper canine showing equally diagnostic features hitherto unknown, except in members of the genus Pan [Anthropopithecus]. On the evidence furnished by these characters the fossils must be supposed to represent either a single individual belonging to an otherwise unknown extinct genus (Eoanthropus) or to two individuals belonging to two now-existing families (Hominidæ and Pongidæ)." He argues that the jaw was actually that of a chimpanzee and that the cranium was that of a true man, whom he terms Homo Dawsoni. Gregory accepts this hypothesis. W. P. Pycraft[1357] has submitted Miller's data and conclusions to searching criticism and bases his deductions on far more ample material than that at the disposal of Miller. He says "That the Piltdown jaw does present many points of striking resemblance to that of the chimpanzee is beyond dispute. Dr Smith Woodward pointed out these resemblances long ago, in his original description of the jaw. But Mr Miller contends that because of these resemblances therefore it is the jaw of a chimpanzee" (loc. cit. p. 408). Pycraft points out that there is more variability in the jaws of chimpanzees than Miller was aware of, and that most of the features of the Piltdown jaw are well within the limits of human variation; in discussing the conformation of the inner surface of the body of the jaw he says "Between the two extremes seen in the jaws of chimpanzees every gradation will be found, but in no case would there be any possibility of confusing the Piltdown fragment, or any similar fragment of a modern human jaw, with similar fragments of chimpanzee jaws" (p. 407).
FOOTNOTES:
[1352] A. Keith, "On the Chimpanzees and their Relationship to the Gorilla," Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1899, I. p. 296.
[1353] Science, Vol. XLII. Dec. 10, 1915, p. 843.
[1354] A. H. Keane, Ethnology, 1901, p. 111.
[1355] W. D. Matthew, "Climate and Evolution," Ann. New York Acad. Sci. XXIV. 1915, pp. 210, 214.
[1356] Gerrit S. Miller, "The Jaw of Piltdown Man," Smithsonian Misc. Coll. Vol. 65, No. 12, 1915.