[315] See W. Planert, "Über die Sprache der Hottentotten und Buschmänner," Mitt. d. Seminars f. Oriental. Sprachen z. Berlin, VIII. (1905), Abt. III. 104-176.
[316] "In the Pygmies of the north-eastern corner of the Congo basin and amongst the Bantu tribes of the Equatorial East African coast there is a tendency to faucal gasps or explosive consonants which suggests the vanishing influence of clicks." H. H. Johnston, "A Survey of the Ethnography of Africa," Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst. XLIII. 1913.
[317] "The Bushmen and their Language," in Journ. R. Asiatic Soc. XVIII. Part 1.
[318] Ancient Hunters, 1915, p. 425.
CHAPTER V
THE OCEANIC NEGROES: PAPUASIANS (PAPUANS AND MELANESIANS)—NEGRITOES—TASMANIANS
General Ethnical Relations in Oceania—The terms Papuan, Melanesian and Papuasian defined—The Papuasian Domain, Past and Present—Papuans and Melanesians—Physical Characters: Papuan, Papuo-Melanesian, Melanesian—The New Caledonians—Physical Characters—Food Question—General Survey of Melanesian Ethnology—Cultural Problems—Kava-drinking and Betel-chewing—Stone Monuments—The Dual People—Summary of Culture Strata—Melanesian Culture—Dress—Houses—Weapons—Canoes, etc.—Social Life—Secret Societies—Clubs—Religion—Western Papuasia—Ethnical Elements—Region of Transition by Displacements and Crossings—Papuan and Malay Contrasts—Ethnical and Biological Divides—The Negritoes—The Andamanese—Stone Age—Personal Appearance—Social Life—Religion—Speech—Method of Counting—Grammatical Structure—The Semangs—Physical Appearance—Usages—Speech—Stone Age—The Aetas—Head-Hunters—New Guinea Pygmies—Negrito Culture—The Tasmanians—Tasmanian Culture—Fire Making—Tools and Weapons—Diet—Dwellings—Extinction.