[260]. See my Races of the Old Testament, pp. 75-77; Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund, July 1876 and July 1877.
[261]. Gezer was similarly laid under tribute by Ephraim (Josh. xvi. 10).
[262]. The Septuagint has Elam instead of Hoham, from which we may perhaps infer that the older reading of the Hebrew text was Yeho-ham. If so, we should have an example of the use of the name of the national God of Israel among the Hebronites. The substitution of El for Yeho would be parallel to the fact that in the inscriptions of the Assyrian king Sargon the contemporary king of Hamath is called both Yahu-bihdi and Ilu-bihdi. Cf. also Joram and Hado-ram (2 Sam. viii. 10; 1 Chron. xviii. 10). Piram resembles the Egyptian Pi-Romi; the name was also Karian (Sayce, The Karian Language and Inscriptions in the Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, ix. 1, No. ii. 3). The Jarmuth of which Piram was king cannot be the same as the Yarimuta of the Tel el-Amarna tablets, as that seems to have been in the north, though Karl Niebuhr makes it the Delta. For Piram the Septuagint has Phidôn; and it changes Yaphia into Jephthah and Eglon into Adullam.
[263]. See Flinders Petrie, Tell el-Hesy (Lachish) (1891) and Bliss, A Mound of Many Cities.
[264]. For Horam the Septuagint again has Elam. Perhaps the original reading was Yehoram. There is no ground for supposing that Hoham of Hebron and Horam of Gezer are one and the same.
[265]. It is called Huzar in the list of the conquests of Thothmes III. at Karnak, where it follows Liusa or Laish, and precedes Pahil, identified with Pella by Mr. Tomkins, and Kinnertu or Chinnereth.
[266]. Records of the Past, new ser., v. p. 89.
[267]. Records of the Past, new ser., v. p. 44, No. 18.
[268]. See also Josh. xi. 2.
[269]. Josh. xii. 21-24. Probably the kings of Tappuah, Hepher, Aphek, and Sharon are to be included in the confederacy (verses 17, 18). We do not know where Tappuah was (though it is usually placed in the Wadi el-Afranj; G. A. Smith, Hist. Geog. of the Holy Land, p. 202). Hepher can hardly be the southern Hepher referred to in 1 Kings iv. 10, but is probably Gath-Hepher west of the Sea of Galilee. Aphek (1 Sam. xxix. 1) was a few miles to the south of it, and the plain of Sharon began at Dor. Cf., however, Beth-Tappuah (in the Wadi el-Afranj) and Aphekah near Hebron, in Judah (Josh. xv. 53).