Running Bowline—It is made by passing the end of a rope round its standing part and forming a bowline as in Fig. 8.
Bowline on a Bight—To make it, double the rope and take the doubled end (1) in the right hand, the standing part (2) of the rope in the left hand. Lay the end over the standing part, and by turning the left wrist form a loop (3) having the end inside. Next pull up enough of the end (1) to dip under the bight (4), bringing the end towards the right and dipping it under the bight, then passing it up to the left over the loop and hauling taut.
Two Half Hitches—Pass the end of the rope round the standing part and bring it up through the bight. This makes a half hitch. Repeat the process and haul taut. If the knot is to bear a great strain, seize the end back with spunyarn to the standing part.
Timber Hitch—Pass the end of a rope round the spar, then round the standing part b, then several times round its own part c against the lay of the rope.
Gaff Topsail Halyard Bend—Pass two turns round the spar, then lead the end back round the standing part and underneath all the turns, bringing it round to its own part and back again over the two outer turns and underneath the inner turn.