1. What is the first thing to be done?
  2. What must the student remember in connection with vowels?
  3. By what do we represent the cipher?
  4. What other way is given for fixing the first rule in the mind?
  5. What is meant by a “cognate”?
  6. What kind of a letter is S?

1 is represented by the consonant “t,” “th,” or “d.”

Toy = 1. As “t” stands for 1, and o and y are vowels, and have no figure value, the numerical value of Toy must be 1.

Thee = 1, Thou = 1, Day = 1, Dew = 1, This = 10, Thus = 10, Does = 10, Ties = 10, Toes = 10, Deed = 11, Doth = 11, To-day = 11, Tattoo[ Footnote [B] = 11, Tut = 11, Toad = 11, Tied = 11, Sat = 01, Said = 01, Seat= 01, Days = 10, Toys = 10, These = 10, Those = 10.

“t” stands for 1, because it is made with one downward stroke. “h” has no figure value except when it is united with “s” or “c” in sh or ch, and therefore “th” must represent 1, and d, being the cognate of “t,” it is represented by 1. Hence we translate “t,” “th,” and “d” by the figure 1, and when we want to represent 1, by letters, we translate it into t, th, or d.

‌2 is represented by “n,” because it is made by two downward strokes. No = 2, Any = 2, One = 2, Noise = 20, Nice = 20, Nest = 201, Note = 21, Then = 12, Nun = 22, Nan = 22, Son = 02, Sine = 02, Zone = 02, Nine = 22, Zeno = 02, Sown = 02.

3 is represented by “m,” because the written m is made by three downward strokes. Aim = 3, Sum = 03, Mum = 33, Maim = 33, Money = 32, Moth = 31, Moon = 32, Man = 32, Month = 321, Amends = 3210, Thin = 12, Enemies = 230, Home = 3.

4 is represented by “r,” because it terminates the word four in several languages. Air = 4. A and i are vowels, and count for no figure value in Air, and hence that word represents only the figure 4. Wire = 4, Row = 4, Wort = 41, Wrath = 41, Worth = 41, Ride = 41, Heirs = 40, Ruins = 420, Roast = 401, Rum = 43, Roar = 44, Saucer = 004, Swordsman = 041032, Razors = 4040, Arisen = 402, Hermits = 4310.

  1. In translating a word into figures, what do we always do?
  2. By what letters is the figure 1 represented?
  3. Why does “t” stand for 1?
  4. When does the letter “h” have a figure value?
  5. By what is 2 represented?
  6. Why?
  7. How do we represent 3?
  8. Why?
  9. By what consonant is 4 represented?
  10. Why?

5 is represented by “l,” because in the Roman alphabet L stood for 50, and we disregard the cipher and make it stand for 5 only—as, Oil = 5. O and i, being vowels, may be used in a word, but having no figure value, do not change the numerical value of the word; therefore the figure value of “oil” is 5, the same as though the “l” stood alone. Lay = 5, Law = 5, Holy = 5, Awhile = 5, Wheel = 5, Lit = 51, Wealth = 51, Lad = 51, Solo = 05, Sales = 050, Slower = 054, Lane = 52, Alone = 52, Lama = 53, Earlier = 454, Wholesale = 505, Unmilitaryness = 2351420.