A pupil who had a very slight acquaintance with French learned an Analytic Series of French words, asking a French friend the meaning and pronunciation of the words unfamiliar to him. By doing this he in about an hour learned the spelling, pronunciation, and meaning of nearly 100 French words. Since then he has been extending the exercise, and in that way he has learned 1,000 French words. In doing so he is strengthening his memory by exercising it in accordance with its own laws, increasing the control his will has over his attention, and extending his French vocabulary.

  1. Do we ever see words spelt differently but with the same pronunciation?
  2. Is the use of the Dictionary required?
  3. What examples have we here of the benefits derived from Rec.-Synthesis?
  4. With what words did he make himself familiar?
  5. Does the same word frequently occur in a book?
  6. What proof can you mention?
  7. What task was accomplished in about one hour by one of my pupils?
  8. What language was he studying?

To remember Unfamiliar English Words or foreign words, correlate the Definition as the best known to the Unfamiliar or Foreign Word, and memorise the Correlation. In the case of Foreign Words, the last Intermediate is necessarily a case of Inclusion by sound. Sometimes there is In. by sight or by sound between a part or the whole of the English word, and a part or the whole of its Foreign equivalent, as Apple—apfel [German]. Of course, the pupil will not need the aid of a correlation in such cases if he notice the analytic relation. The French word Anachorète might have for its equivalent by sound either “Anna,” or “Core,” or “Ate,” or “Anna goes late,” or “Ann a core ate,” or “Anna’s cold hate,” and perhaps to some of my readers it would seem like something else. Cravache might sound like “Crack of lash.” Pupils often disagree as to what is good Inclusion by sound; let each use what suits himself, and not trouble about other people’s ears. In. by sound, or by sense, or by spelling, is sufficient even if it refers to only one syllable.

English.Intermediates.Greek.
Merchant… market … emporium …ἔμπορος
Move… move on … next stage … next-of-kin …κινέω
True… naked truth … pith of the matter … pithy …πιθανος
Course… coarse hair … camel hair … dromedary …δρόμος
Servant… light fare … dole out [maid … bride … dowry] …δούλος
Tanner… leather … leather purse … disburse …βυρσεύς
Cup… tea-cup … tea-pot …ποτήρίον
Fetters… criminal … desperate …δεσμος
Fragile… thin … rapier … “thrust us” …θραυστος
——glass houses … “throw stones”——
Fruit… fruit-knife … fish-knife … carp …καρπος
Round… fat … stout … strong …στρογγύλος
Bride… fair … fairy … forest nymph …νυμφη
Pearl… Necklace … sweetheart … Sweet Margery …μαργαρίτης
Bread… baker … baker’s art …ἄρτος
Marry… lottery of life … risky game …γαμέω
Join… engaged—[suited … apt] … apt to disagree …ἄπτω
Culprit… cull … select a few … few gone …φευγών
Milk… milky way … galaxy …γάλα
Drink… water … small leak … pinhole …πίνω
Suffer hunger… dying of hunger … pining away …πεινάω
Time… watch … chronometer …χρόνος
——Father Time … old age … old crony——
Deliver… capture … lasso …ἀπαλασσω
Spread… Christmas feast … deck a church … dye a spire …διασπείρω
Uncover… bare … bare foot … a Kaliph’s toe …ἐκκαλυπτω
Shut… shut out … severe weather … bad climate …κλείω
I judge… condemn … refute … refuse … cry “no” …κρίνω
Found… establish … fix … fasten thus … tie so …κτίζω
Soldier… art of war … strategy …στρατιώτης
  1. In the case of Foreign words, what must the last intermediate necessarily be a case of?
  2. Do pupils always agree on a good In. by S.?
  3. What is sufficient, if it refers to one syllable only?
  4. What are you never to do in getting at an English word?
  5. What may you do in getting at a Foreign word?
  6. Could you not omit “camel hair”?
  7. Could you not omit “leather,” which follows “tanner”?
  8. Could you not omit after “cup” the word “tea-cup”?
  9. Is not “tea-pot” connected by Con. with “cup”?
  10. After “bread” could you not omit “baker”?
  11. Are not “bread” and “baker’s art” connected?
  12. Could you not omit “watch,” after “Time”?
English.Intermediates.Latin.
Heart… heart-sick … fainting … cordial …cor
Wickedness… dishonesty … blackmail …malum
Book… printed thoughts … freedom of thought … liberty …liber
——… books … library …——
Breast… front … front view … aspect …pectus
Spear… thrust … quick motion … hasty …hasta
Suitor… princely suitor … married by proxy …procus
Ask… borrow … swindle … rogue …rogare
Marrow… Old English arrow … victory … medal …medulla
Captain… head of hundred … century …centurio
Surveyor… measure … dimension …agrimensor
Furniture… bent-wood chairs … bent legs … supple legs …supellex
Vine… wine … luxury … pampered …pampinus
Liar… false pretence … mendicant …mendax
Cow… cow-pox … vaccination …vacca
Sing… boatman’s song … canoe …cano
Kill… kill by hanging … broken neck …necare
Redden… blush … kissing … ruby lips …rubesco
——… red … ruby …——
Dry… dry mouth … feverish … sick …siccus
Man… married man … home …homo
War… victory … rejoicings … bells rung …bellum
Rob… robber … hue-and-cry … policeman’s rap …rapto
Tanner… russet leather … russet apple … apple core …coriarius
Dove… married love … United States … Columbia …columba
Bench… table … shop counter … selling …subsellium
Oar… Roman galley … Rome … Romulus and Remus …Remus
Garret… unhealthy … medicine … salts and senna …cenaculum
Garret… store-room … grain store …granaria
Horse… race … dead heat … equal …equus
Cock… spurring … goading … galling …gallus
Lazy… tramp … knave …ignavus
Make heavy… rich food … gravy …gravo
Sign… musical signs … notes …nota
Poverty… drafty garret … sleeping draught … opium …inopia
Messenger… news … false news … nonsense …nuntius
Top… high perch … hen’s perch … cackle …cacumen
Face… bare face … bare headed bird … vulture …vultus
Useless… needless impatience … irritation …irritus
Dark… dark staircase … insecure …obscurus
Writer… bad writer … scribbler …scriba
Harvest… harvest home … “Mrs. at home?” …messis
Dog… dog’s tail … tin can … [cane carrier … cane[ Footnote [K]] …canis
Egg… boiled egg … boiled hard … over boiled …ovum
Fox… jackall … carcass … vulture …vulpes
Bread… sweat of brow … labour … pain … [bread-pan … pan[ Footnote [K]] …panis
Table… figures … calculation … mensuration …mensa
Master… schoolboard … fines … magistrate …magister
Tree… mast … ship … harbour …arbor
Mother… wife … helpmeet … help-mate …mater
  1. If “mendicants” are known to be liars, why could not “false pretences” be omitted?
  2. If “vaccination” means inoculating with “cowpox,” why could not “cowpox” be omitted?
  3. If “broken” neck means a violent death, why not omit “kill by hanging”?
  4. Ought not “billing and cooing” to be inserted after “Dove”?
  5. What relation is there between “married love” and “United States”?
  6. If “musical” be added to “notes,” why could not “musical signs” be omitted?
  7. If “scribbler” is a writer, why could not “bad writer” be omitted?
English.Intermediates.German.
Joy… play-day … free day … Friday …Freude
Sad… tomb … mason … trowel …traurig
Clear… clear tones … clarionet …klar
Indolent… “lazy bones” … lazy lass …lässig
Dangerous… storm … steamboat fare …gefährlich
Part… part of house … roof … tile …Theil
Empty… hollow … fox’s hole … lair …leer
Take… take husband … new name …nehmen
Diffidence… shy girl … schoolgirl … Miss …Misstrauen
Little… grow less … on the wane …wenig
Much… more … mourn … feel grief …viel
Recompense… repayment … loan …Lohn
Question… answer … fragmentary answer …Frage
Foot-stool… low … shame …Schemel
Pressure… too heavy … droop …Druck
Voice… voice lozenges … stimulation …Stimme
Child… young kindred …Kind
Threaten… stinging words … stinging bee … drone …drohen
Mirror… reflect … think … speak …Spiegel
Beetroot… red heart … rib …Rübe
Potato… dig up … remove … cart off …Kartoffel
Love… lovers’ meeting … meat … Liebig’s extract …Liebe
Campaign… pain … feel … felt …Feldzug
Medicine… science … arts … (pr. artsnei)Arznei
Evening… hour of prayer … bend the knee …Abend
Heaven… angels … harps … hymns …Himmel
Song… choir … choir leader … lead …Lied
Table… soiled table cloth … dirtyish …Tisch
——… dinner … dish …——
Chair… chairman … session …Sessel
Bottle… Leyden jar … electric spark … flash …Flasche
Beloved… attached … hooked … trout …traut
  1. Could not “boiled hard” be omitted?
  2. If we use “mensuration tables,” could not “figures … calculation” be spared?
  3. What is the relation between “Tree” and “mast”?
  4. Could not “lazy bones” be omitted after “indolent”?
  5. Why could not “schoolgirl” be omitted?
  6. Why could not “answer” be omitted after “question”?
English.Intermediates.French.
Fat… Fat ox … clover … rich grass …gras
Mouth… Flesh eater … butcher …bouche
Asphalt… assafœtida … fish bait …béton
To lash… circus … Hengler …cingler
Current… nerve current … vague function …vagus
Armchair… reclining … gouty … foot oil …fauteuil
——… arm … leg … foot …——
Railway station… railway guard … guard …gare
Smoke… tobacco … smell … perfumer …fumer
Carpet… fine design … tapestry …tapis
Head… foot … root … potato …tête
Oar… boat … war-ship … ram … [See Latin] …rame
Tears… hysterics … fainting fit … alarm …larmes
Canvas… rope … oakum … hard labor … toil …toile
Wave… washing … unwashed … vagabond …vague
——… current … nerve current … vagus …——
Bed… bed of sea … sea-shore … lee-shore …lit
Pane… pain … sore eyes … vitriol …vitre
——… glass … vitreous …——
Gun… gunsmith … spark … fusée …fusil
——… foot soldier … fusilier …——
Shovel… shoved about … crowd … Pall Mall …pelle
——… sand … spade … pail …——
Side-walk… walking fast … trotting along …trottoir
——… mid road … horses … trotting …——
Dirty… second-hand furniture … furniture … sale …sale
Faithful… dog-blind fiddler … fiddle …fidèle
——… faithfulness … fidelity …——
Pity… pitying … misery …miséricorde
Misfortune… missing train … mail hour …malheur
Hang fire… fire engine … “haste” … tear along too …faire longfeu
Star… diamond … ball dress … toilet …étoile
——… Star … Inn … hotel …——
Cake… cheesecake … mouse … cat …gateau
Sword… soldier … soldier’s pay …épée
——… war … misery … happy …——
Book… pages … leaves … [See Latin] …livre
Castle… ruined … shattered …château
To speak… converse … dispute … parley …parler