Gutenäcker’s stocks for oxen: a, front corner-posts; b, rear corner-posts; c, d, connecting bars; e, head-post; f, bar for holding belly girth; g, hooks for girth; h, neck-yoke; i, pulley-wheel; k, windlass with ratchet and click; m, slot for neck-yoke and breast-bar; n, slot for movable side-bars; o, p, side-bars; r, hook for fetlock strap; s, iron bracket; t, iron ring for rear cross pole; u, hooks for breeching.
Before an animal is brought into the stocks the neck-yoke is raised, the breast-bar lowered, and the girth left hanging from the hooks on the stationary bar. The ox is then led into the stocks and the rope which is tied around the base of the horns is carried over the pulley (i), fastened to the hook on the roller (k), and wound up till the head is tight against the head-post. The yoke and breast-bar are then placed in position and fastened, the breeching hung on the hooks (u), and the belly girth attached to the hooks on the roller, so that, if need be, it can be shortened till it bears the animal’s entire weight.
To control a front foot a slip-noose is placed about the fetlock and the limb is raised and lashed to the side-bar, the rope passing finally to the hook (r). To control a hind foot a slip-noose is placed about the fetlock, the foot carried upward and backward over the rear cross-bar, and, with the front surface of the fetlock-joint resting against the padding of the bar, the limb is firmly secured by wrapping the line several times about the limb and bar.
When no stocks are at hand, we may use an ordinary farm wagon or a truck wagon. Tie the ox with his head forward between the front and hind wheels. Fasten the large end of a binding pole to the spokes of the front wheel and let it rest on the hub. Swing the pole close to the ox and induce him to step over it with one hind leg, then raise the rear end of the pole, and with it the leg and so much of the animal’s hind quarters that the inner hind leg standing close to the wagon rests but lightly upon the ground. The binding pole may then be slung with a rope from the rack of the wagon or other stationary object and the outer limb held in the usual manner. By following this method a shoer with one assistant can easily and safely control the most refractory oxen.
INDEX
- Apprentice, [14]
- Arteries, [41]
- Articulations, [21]
- Balanced hoof, [101]
- Balling with snow, [149]
- Bar-shoe, uses of, [164]
- Bare foot, preparing the hoof, [102]
- Bars, [51]
- dressing, [99]
- Base-narrow position, [63], [68]
- Base-wide position, [63], [68]
- Beaked shoe, [184]
- Bear-foot, [72]
- Bearing-surface of shoes, [117], [127]
- Blood-vessels, [41]
- Bow-legged position, [64]
- Buttress, [100]
- Calf-kneed, [66]
- Calk-wound, [173]
- Camped behind, [68]
- in front, [66]
- Cannon bone, [20], [21]
- Carpus, [20]
- Cartilages, lateral, [39]
- Cast iron, [103]
- shoes, [132]
- Chadwick spring, [187]
- Clefts, [203]
- Clinch cutter, [97]
- Clinching, [131]
- Clips, [111]
- Close-nailing, burning, [166]
- Contracted hoof, [185]
- sole, [190]
- Corn, chronic, [175]
- dry, [174]
- suppurating, [174]
- Corns, [174]
- treatment, [176]
- Coronary band, [47]
- joint, [31]
- ligaments, [31]
- Cover-plate shoe, [173]
- Cow-hocked, [68]
- Cracks, [195]
- coronary and bar, [196], [202]
- plantar, [202]
- Crest, semilunar, [27]
- Crooked hoof, [192]
- Cross-firing, [140]
- Defay’s shoe, [187]
- Diseases of hoof, [165]
- Dressing the hoof, [98]
- Driving the shoe, [130]
- Drop-forged shoes, [132]
- Dropped sole, [178], [182], [183]
- Elastic parts of foot, [38]
- Examination before shoeing, [90]
- Feet, forms of, [69]
- Femur, [20]
- Fetlock, ligaments of, [29]
- joint, [28]
- Fiber shoes, [134]
- Fibula, [20]
- Flat hoof, [182]
- Fleshy frog, [49]
- sole, [49]
- wall, [48]
- Flight of hoofs, [72], [75]
- Foot, articulations of, [28]
- bones of, [24]
- Foot-axis, [70]
- relation to sole, [100]
- straight and broken, [101]
- Forging, [138]
- Founder, [177]
- dressing hoof, [179]
- shoeing, [180]
- Frog, [57]
- dressing, [99]
- Front shoe, making, [105]
- Frost-nails, [146]
- Full hoof, [183]
- Fullering, [109]
- hammer, [104]
- Gathered nail, [170]
- Hair-skin, [44]
- Head, bones of, [17]
- Heavy draught horses, shoeing, [125]
- Heel-calks, [112]
- always sharp, [154]
- Heels, inflammation of, [176]
- Hind shoe, making, [107]
- Hock, [21]
- Hollow wall, [205]
- Hoof, [50]
- benefits of movements within, [89]
- crooked, [84]
- growth of, [82]
- healthy, [81]
- irregular growth, [83]
- knife, [98]
- ointments, [159], [160]
- physiological movements of, [86]
- wear against shoe, [86]
- wear of, [82]
- Hoof-skin, [45]
- Hoofs, care of unshod, [157]
- Hoofs, forms of, [77], [80]
- of colts, care of, [157]
- Horn, minute structure of, [58]
- qualities of, [59]
- tumor, [181]
- Horseshoeing, object of, [13]
- schools, [15]
- Horseshoer, requisites of, [14]
- Humerus, [19]
- Hunters, shoeing, [123]
- Interfering, [142]
- Iron for horseshoes, [103]
- Joints, free, hinge, and pivot, [22]
- Keraphyllocele, [181]
- Knee-sprung, [67]
- Laminitis, [177]
- Leather sole, [164]
- Ligaments, [21]
- Limbs, standing positions, [62]
- Loose wall, [204]
- Low-jointed, [66]
- Mucous bursæ, [35]
- Mule shoes, [207]
- Muscles, [22]
- Nail-holes, [110]
- Nailing, [166]
- causes of, [167]
- examination and treatment, [167], [168]
- Nails, [128]
- Navicular bone, [28]
- Nerves, [44]
- Nippers, [99]
- Normal position, [62], [64], [67], [69]
- Os pedis, [26]
- Ox shoes, [208]
- Oxen, securing feet, [209]
- Pacers, shoeing, [124]
- Pads, rubber, [135]
- Pastern, long, [25]
- short, [26]
- Patella, [20]
- Pedal joint, [31]
- ligaments, [31]
- Peg-calks, [150]
- Peg toe-calks, [152]
- Pelvis, [19]
- Periople, [53]
- Perioplic band, [47]
- Periosteum, [21]
- Pigeon-toed position, [64]
- Pincers, [97]
- Plantar cushion, [40]
- Pododerm, [45]
- Pododermatitis, symptoms of, [161]
- treatment of, [163]
- Podophyllous tissue, [48]
- Podometer, [105]
- Pricking, direct nailing, [166]
- Pritchel, [105]
- Protective organs of foot, [44]
- Punch, [105]
- Quarter-crack, [200]
- Quarters, contraction of, [186]
- Radius, [20]
- Raising feet in shoeing, [92]
- Removing shoes, [97]
- Rolled toe, [118]
- Rope shoes, [133]
- Rubber shoes, [134]
- Runners, [123]
- Saddle-horses, shoeing, [122]
- Scapula, [19]
- Screw heel-calks, [148]
- Seedy-toe, [178]
- Sesamoid bones, [25]
- ligaments, [29-31]
- Sharp toe- and heel-calks, [146]
- Shod hoofs, care of, [159]
- Shoe, choosing the, [116]
- for acute-angled hoof, [114], [120]
- for base-narrow hoof, [114], [121]
- for base-wide hoof, [114], [121]
- for narrow hoof, [115], [121]
- for regular hoof, [114], [120]
- for stumpy hoof, [114], [120]
- for wide hoof, [115], [121]
- parts of, [103]
- wear of, [84]
- weight of, [116]
- Shoeing defective hoofs, [161]
- Shoes, fitting, [118]
- general properties, [107]
- machine, [132]
- making, [103], [105]
- nailing, [128]
- removing old, [97]
- shaping and fitting, [117], [120]
- special properties, [114]
- Sickle-hock, [68]
- Side-bone, [194]
- Sole, [55]
- contraction of, [189]
- Spinal column, [17]
- Splint-bones, [20]
- shoe, [172]
- Standing under, [66]
- Station of rest, [65]
- Steel, [103]
- Stocks, for horses, [95]
- for oxen, [209]
- Stifle-joint, [20]
- Stilt-foot, [184]
- Street-nail, [170]
- Stride, height of, [75]
- length of, [75]
- Stumpy hoof, [184]
- Suspensory ligament, [29]
- altering tension of, [36-38]
- Synovia, [21]
- Tendon, anterior extensor, [32]
- deep flexor, [33]
- lateral extensor, [32]
- sheaths, [35]
- superficial flexor, [33]
- Tendons, [24]
- Tension of tendon, altering, [36]
- Thorax, [18]
- Thrush, [206]
- Tibia, [20]
- Toe- and heel-calks, [112]
- Toe-calk, blunt, [113]
- half-sharp, [113]
- sharp, [112]
- Toe-crack, [197]
- Tools for making shoes, [104]
- Tread, [173]
- Trotters, shoeing, [124]
- Trunk, [17]
- Tubbing and stopping, [159]
- Ulna, [20]
- Vachette hook, [199]
- Veins, [43]
- Velvety frog, [49]
- sole, [49]
- Wall, [51]
- dressing, [99]
- height of, [52]
- leafy layer, [53]
- protective layer, [53]
- slant of, [52]
- thickness of, [53]
- Weight, influence of, [75]
- Weights, side and toe, [77]
- White line, [56]
- Wide hoofs, contraction of, [189]
- Wry hoof, [193]
Footnotes:
[1] In order to see the length, thickness, and abundance of the villi of the pododerm, place the foot deprived of its hoof in a clear glass jar and cover it with water, renewing the latter until it is no longer tinged with blood.
[2] In station of rest, the normal position of a fore-leg, as seen from the side, is somewhat different. The station of rest is the position that is maintained with the least possible muscular effort. With gradual muscular relaxation the head and neck sink to a point somewhat below the line of the back, the top of the shoulder-blade sinks a little, and the shoulder and elbow joints move forward till the centre of the elbow joint is directly above the ground-surface of the hoof. Therefore, when a horse at rest stands firmly on all four feet, the fore-leg viewed from the side, has a normal (regular) direction, when a perpendicular line dropped from the tuberosity of the acromian spine passes through the middle of the elbow joint and meets the ground near the middle of the hoof.
[3] On a shoe we distinguish an outer and an inner branch. The anterior portion, formed by the union of the two branches, is called the toe. The upper surface, upon which the hoof rests, is called the hoof-surface, and the under surface, which is in contact with the ground, the ground-surface. That portion of the hoof-surface which is in direct contact with the lower border of the wall, the white line, and a narrow margin of the sole is termed the bearing-surface, and when necessary “concaving” (seating) extends from this to the inner border of the shoe. On the ground-surface is seen the “fullering” or “crease.”