This is a very distressing symptom, and occurs early after conception; sometimes, however, not till after the fourth month; and occasionally is absent altogether. It is produced by an acid forming on the stomach, which rises into the throat, and, from the sensation it occasions, is called heartburn.

It is a very common complaint of pregnancy, and every female knows that she finds relief by taking a little magnesia or chalk, or lime-water and milk, with the occasional use of magnesia; but, although these means generally mitigate this symptom, occasionally it is very severe and almost intractable, and they fail. Under such circumstances, a draught composed of 15 grains of magnesia, 10 drops of the solution of the subcarbonate of ammonia, and 1½ ounce of mint or peppermint water, taken three times a day, and continued for three or four days, will remove the complaint.

If the bowels are confined, as is frequently the case, mild doses of Epsom or Cheltenham salts will be the best aperients. The use of these must be regulated by circumstances,—taken every second, third, or fourth day; that is, resorted to with sufficient frequency and perseverance to guard against costiveness.[[22]]

The diet must also, in every case, be strictly attended to, and regulated upon the plan already stated.

Costiveness.

A costive state of bowels is one of the most common and, at the same time, troublesome of the diseases of pregnancy. It arises partly from the increased activity which is going on in the womb, and which induces a sluggish condition of the bowels, and partly from the pressure of the now enlarged and expanded womb on the bowels themselves.

A confined state of bowels is the frequent source of many serious evils; it therefore behoves the female to be vigilant and guard against it.

First,—Because, as before stated, pregnancy itself predisposes to constipation.

Secondly,—Because it is much more easily prevented than removed, when, after several days’ confinement, an accumulation of hardened fæces has collected in the lower bowel.

Thirdly,—Because such an accumulation may give rise to inflammation of the bowel itself, and, in the earlier months of pregnancy, to miscarriage; and,