Two-by-four.—A piece two inches thick by four inches wide used for supports and the construction of frameworks. Pieces of other dimensions are also known and spoken of by their sizes inches. E. G. Two-by-sixes, two-by-eights, and two-by-tens.
Typographical.—Relating or pertaining to typography.
Typography.—The art of setting type.
Undercutting.—As the term implies, the wood is undercut, or cut under, thus making it wedge-or V-shaped. E. G. See [Fig. 209], Chapter XV; also text on page [211].
Upright.—An upright is a piece of timber which is perpendicular when in place.
Valance.—A drapery for a couch or bed. E. G. See [Couch] in illustration of a Boy's Room, Chapter V.
Vertical.—Perpendicular to the horizon; upright; plumb; straight up and down.
Wainscot.—A lining placed upon the inside walls of a building. It was originally made of oak timbers, known as wainscot, but the term is now applied to any kind of wood, burlap, tapestry, or other material applied in the same manner. As a rule, it extends but part way up a wall, starting at the floor line.
Warped.—Twisted out of shape.
Washer.—A ring placed beneath the head of a bolt to give it a broader bearing surface, and thus prevent it from cutting into the surface of the piece of work. It is also placed under a nut to prevent it from working loose.