EGYPT DURING THE CRUSADES—RISE OF THE OTTOMAN POWER—NAPOLEON IN EGYPT—THE RULE OP THE KHEDIVES—DISCOVERING THE SOURCE OF THE NILE—ARCHÆOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND DISCOVERY.
Spread of Muhammedanism—Spirit of the Crusades—The Fati-mite Caliphs—Saladin’s brilliant reign—Capture of Damietta—Conquests of Beybars—Mamluks in power—Wars with Cyprus—Turkish misrule—Napoleon invades Egypt—Battle of the Pyramids—Policy of conciliation—Nelson destroys the French fleet—Napoleon in Syria—Battle at Mount Carmel—Napoleon returns to France—Negotiations for surrender—Kléber assassinated—French army surrenders—Rise of Mehemet Ali-Massacre of the Mamluks—Egyptian army reorganized—Ibrahim Pasha in Greece—Battle of Navarino-Revolt against Turkey-Character of Mehemet Ali—Reforms under his Rule—Ismail Pasha made Khedive—Financial difficulties of Egypt—England and France assume control—Tewfik Pasha becomes Khedive—Revolt of Arabi Pasha—The Mahdist insurrection—Death of General Gordon—Kitchener’s campaign against the Dervishes—Prosperity of Egypt under English control—Abbas Pasha becomes Khedive—Education, courts, and government of modern Egypt—The Nile; its valley, branches, and delta—Ancient irrigation systems—The Suez Canal, its inception and completion—The great dam at Aswan—Ancient search for the sources of the Nile—Modern discoveries in Central Africa—The Hieroglyphs—Origin of the alphabet—Egyptian literature—Mariettas discoveries—The German Egyptologists—Jeremiah verified—Maspero, Naville, and Petrie—Palæolithic man—Egyptian record of Israel—Egypt Exploration Fund—The royal tombs at Abydos—Chronology of the early kings—Steles, pottery, and jewelry-The temples of Abydos—Seals, statuettes, and ceramics.
CONTENTS
[ CHAPTER I—THE CRUSADERS IN EGYPT ]
[ CHAPTER II.—THE FRENCH IN EGYPT ]
[ CHAPTER III.—THE RULE OF MEHEMET ALI ]
[ CHAPTER IV—THE BRITISH INFLUENCE IN EGYPT ]
[ CHAPTER V.—THE WATER WAYS OF EGYPT ]
[ CHAPTER VI—THE DECIPHERMENT OF THE HIEROGLYPHS ]
[ CHAPTER VII—THE DEVELOPMENT OF EGYPTOLOGY ]
[ CHAPTER VIII.—IMPORTANT RESEARCHES IN EGYPT ]
List of Illustrations
[ Frontispiece Collection of Vases ]
[ 007.jpg Arabic Decorative Painting ]
[ 013.jpg Enamelled Glass Cup from Arabia ]
[ 015.jpg Gate of El Futuh at Cairo ]
[ 019.jpg Arab Drinking-vessels ]
[ 025.jpg Vase in the Abbott Collection, New York ]
[ 027.jpg Public Fountain, Cairo. ]
[ 038.jpg Court in the Moristan of The Kilawun ]
[ 043.jpg Window in the Mausoleum of Kilawun ]
[ 049.jpg Interior of the Mosque, Kilawun ]
[ 055.jpg Frieze in Mosque of Sultan Hasan ]
[ 059.jpg Inside the Mosque of Hassan ]
[ 065.jpg the Tomb of Berkuk ]
[ 067.jpg a Title-page of the Koran Of The Time Of Shaban ]
[ 069.jpg Prayer-niche in the Mosque of The Sultan Mahmudi ]
[ 071.jpg Ornamental Page from a Koran of the Fourteenth Century ]
[ 073.jpg Mosque of Kait Bey, Cairo ]
[ 076.jpg Wadi Feiran, in the Sinai Peninsula ]
[ 077.jpg Mausoleum of El-ghuri ]
[ 080b.jpg Bonaparte in Egypt ]
[ 083 Bedouins in the Desert ]
[ 091.jpg the Prophet Muhammed ]
[ 112.jpg A Fountain at Cairo ]
[ 116b.jpg Cairo—Eskibieh Quarter ]
[ 119.jpg Cairo from the Left Bank of The Nile ]
[ 124.jpg Statue of General Kleber at Strasburg ]
[ 151.jpg Mosque of Mehemit Ali ]
[ 161.jpg a Distinguished Egyptian Jew ]
[ 165.jpg Mosque of Muad at Cairo ]
[ 169.jpg a Muhammedan Praying Priest ]
[ 179.jpg Harbor of the Bulak ]
[ 187.jpg Arabs at a Desert Spring ]
[ 190.jpg Part of Cairo, Showing the
Mulqufs on The Houses Of Modern Egypt ][ 195.jpg the Khedive Tewfik ]
[ 201.jpg Palace Op the Khedive at Alexandria ]
[ 207.jpg Mosque of the Ibriham at Desuk ]
[ 210.jpg Lord Kitchener of Khartum ]
[ 218.jpg Slave Boats on the Nile ]
[ 223.jpg Viscount Cromer (sir Evelyn Baring) ]
[ 232.jpg Mosque of El Ghuri at Cairo ]
[ 237.jpg the Plain of Thebes ]
[ 245.jpg Scale of the Nilometer ]
[ 251.jpg Hieroglyphic Record of an Ancient Canal ]
[ 259.jpg Ferdinand de Lesseps ]
[ 263.jpg the Opening of The Suez Canal ]
[ 269.jpg Approach to Philae ]
[ 277.jpg the Main Stream of The Nile ]
[ 283.jpg the Ferry at Old Cairo ]
[ 291.jpg Examples of Phoenecian Porcelain ]
[ 296.jpg Jean Francois Champollion ]
[ 301.jpg Determinative Signs ]
[ 309.jpg Table of Comparative Symbols ]
[ 318b.jpg Phoenician Jewlery ]
[ 321.jpg the Great Hall of Abydos ]
[ 322.jpg Propylon at Denderah ]
[ 324.jpg Types of Egyptian Columns: 1, 2, 3, Geometric;
6-11, Botanical; 4, 5, 12, Hathoric. ][ 347.jpg the Lotus Flower Nymphaea Lotus ]
[ 361.jpg Plan of the Royal Tombs As Abydos ]
[ 362.jpg Table of Ancient Rulers * ]
[ 363a.jpg Table of Chronology Of Early Kings ]
[ 364.jpg Enlarged Plan of First Dynasty Tombs ]
[ 366.jpg Ebony Tablet of King Aha-mena ]
[ 368.jpg Tomb of Zer, 4700 B.c. ]
[ 372.jpg Tomb of Zet, Circa 4700 B.c. ]
[ 377.jpg Plans of the Tombs Of Den-setui and Others ]
[ 379.jpg Tablet of Den-setui, 4600 B.c. ]
[ 380.jpg Architectural Drawing, B.c. 4600. ]
[ 381.jpg Ivory Panel of Den-setui, 4600 B.c. ]
[ 382.jpg Stairway in the Tomb Azab ]
[ 384.jpg Tomb of Mersekha, Showing Wooden Floor ]
[ 385.jpg Plan of Tomb Of Qa, Circa 4500 B.c. ]
[ 389.jpg Stone Chamber of Khasekhemui ]
[ 391.jpg Gold-capped Vases and Gold Bracelets ]
[ 393.jpg General Plan of Buildings at Abydos ]
[ 395.jpg Wall of Usirtasen I. ]
[ 395.jpg Ivory Statuette of First Dynasty King ]
[ 398.jpg Ivory Statuette of Khufvi. ]
[ 400.jpg Ancient Egyptian Arrows ]
[ 401.jpg Miscellaneous Copper Objects ]
[ 402a.jpg Ivory Comb, B. C. 4800 ]
[ 402b.jpg Corn-grinder and Three-sided Bowl ]
[ 403.jpg Types of Prehistoric and First Dynasty Pottery ]
[ 404b.jpg Pottery Forms from Abydos ]
[ 405.jpg Three Types of Sealings ]
[ 406.jpg a Sealing Showing Jars ]
[ 407.jpg Accounts on Pottery, B.C. 4600 ]
[ 408.jpg Unique Instance of a Dissected Burial ]
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