17. I have not recognized -dhi in Dak.
18. I E -ant (our ing) forming active participles necessarily drops t and prefixes h in Dak, and in this form, han, is used as active participial suffix with some verbs.
19. As a plural suffix I E -as seems to be presented by the Mandan plural suffix osh.
20. I E -ka as a primary suffix forms a few nouns and adjectives; I E ku contain be hollow; Dak root ko the same, koka a cask, barrel, box, etc; I E and Dak tan extend, stretch; Dak tanka large (cf Iowa tanra large). I E da bind; Dak daka bound by obligation, relationship or league, whence their name Dakota, those bound by league, those making a league, friend, comrade (-ta for I E tar). As a secondary suffix it is extremely frequent in Dak as well as I E, forming in both words of multifarious relations to their primitives. I E kuan, kwan, kwanka dog; Lith szun (pronounced shun); Dak shunka dog; Old Slav suka a bitch; Min shuka a dog. Ka is used both in I E and Dak as a negative suffix. In Sanskrit and several other I E languages it is used as a diminutive suffix, and forms one syllable of the various Min diminutive suffixes.
FOOTNOTES:
[G] For I E r—Dak ch compare Eu wira Dak wicha-man; Eu wera; Dak wicaka true. Teut legya thigh whence leg of lak; Win lega and legra; Iowa reke; Mandan doka; Min diki, liki the leg, the thigh; Dak checha the thighs. The r probably first became d.
[H] Dak n—I E r is supported by about fifty examples.
PREPOSITIONS.
The Dak is like the I E languages remarkable for its copiousness in prepositions. In their use or omission the Dak differs from the English less than does the Anglo Saxon. As in some of the old I E languages they are either verbal prefixes or follow their nouns. Nearly all of them seem to be of I E prepositions mostly compounded. I give examples of the more obvious similarities.
Sam. together with, in skt. A. S. and Dak.