[78] Last Lombard king, 756-774.
[79] A reference to the struggle between Emperor Henry IV and Gregory VII; see Uta-Renate Blumenthal, *The Investiture Controversy* Philadelphia, 1988.
[80] Paschal came to France in 1107, with Philip I on the throne. Isidore of Seville (IX.ii.101) offers two derivations for "Franks." *Franci a quodam proprio duce vocari putantur. Alii eos a feritate morum nuncupatos existimant* The archdeacon of Mainz clearly was referring to their animal-like behavior.
[81] Jeremiah III.27,28.
[82] An error by Guibert or by the scribe; the council of Clermont began 18 November, 1095.
[83] Sidonius Apollinarus uses *piperata facundia* in Book VIII, epistle xi, of the *Poems and Letters*, ed. W.B. Anderson, Cambridge, 1984, vol I.
[84] Mathew 27.53.
[85] Isaiah 11.10.
[86] Eccl. 1.7
[87] II Thess. ii.4