LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
[Plate I.]Comparative Altitudes[22]
[Plate II.]Optical Phenomena showing the Height of the Atmosphere[26]
[Plate III.]Temperature at different Latitudes and Altitudes[31]
[Fig. 1.]Nephoscope at Blue Hill Observatory.[52]
[Fig. 2.]Cloud Theodolite at Blue Hill Observatory[54]
[Plate IV.]Heights and Velocities of Clouds[57]
[Plate V.]Atmospheric Circulation at different Heights in Cyclones and Anti-cyclones[61]
[Fig. 3.]German Balloon equipped for Meteorological Observations[87]
[Plate VI.]Temperatures observed in Four High Balloon Ascents [91]
[Fig. 4.]German Kite-balloon.[95]
[Fig. 5.]Baro-thermograph of Richard[102]
[Fig. 6.]The Aérophile rising[103]
[Plate VII.]Heights and Temperatures recorded in eight Ascents of the Cirrus[109]
[Fig. 7.]Oriental tailless Kites.[119]
[Fig. 8.]Eddy tailless Kite[129]
[Fig. 9.]Hargrave Kite[130]
[Fig. 10.]Modified Hargrave Kites at Blue Hill[133]
[Fig. 11.]Lamson's Aero-curve Kite[135]
[Fig. 12.]Meteorograph lifted by Kites at Blue Hill[138]
[Plate VIII.]Meteorogram from the Kite-flight of Oct. 8, 1896, at Blue Hill [148]
[Plate IX.]Mean Changes with Height, and Changes during the Kite-flight of Oct. 8, 1896[150]
[Plate X.]Changes with Height recorded by Kites at Blue Hill[155]
[Plate XI.]Kite Observations at Blue Hill, Sept. 5-11, 1897[163]
[Plate XII.]Automatic Records during a High Kite-flight at Blue Hill[166]
[Plate XIII.]Results of Kite-flights at Blue Hill during an Anti-cyclone and a Cyclone[168]

SOUNDING
THE OCEAN OF AIR


CHAPTER I

THE ATMOSPHERE—ANCIENT AND MODERN KNOWLEDGE—METHODS OF INVESTIGATION