A
Abercromby (R.), classification of clouds, [42]
Academy of Sciences, French, [18], [72-3]
Academy of Sciences, Russian, balloon ascent, [72]
Accademia del Cimento, [14]
Actinometer, [Violle]'s, [115]
Adiabatic rate of change of temperature, [29]
Aeronautical Conference at Chicago, [125]
—— Conference at Strassburg, [97], [110]
—— Committee; International, [108]
Aérophile balloons, [102], [104]
Aerostatic Commission, French, [111]
Air, collection and analysis of, [70], [73], [75], [82], [112]
—— weight of, [16]
Aitken (J.), dust particles, [39]
Alhazen (B. A.), height of atmosphere, [12]
Altitudes, comparative, [20]
Andrée (S. A.), balloon voyage to North Pole, [90]
Anti-cyclones, [59], [170]
Aratus, Diosemeia, [11]
Archibald (D.), kites for meteorological observations, [122]
Archytas, supposed inventor of kite, [117]
Aristotle, [10], [11], [15]
Assmann (R.), [86], [94], [108]
Atmosphere, composition of, [24]
—— energy of upper portion, [58]
—— extent of, [28]
—— methods of exploring same, [35] et seq., [145]
—— moisture of, [34]
—— origin of, [23]
—— phenomena showing height of, [26]
—— Pliny on, [9]
—— temperature of, [28]
Atmospheric circulation in cyclones and anti-cyclones, [60]
—— electricity, [70], [76], [121], [141]
B
Balloon ascents, international, [108] et seq.
—— crossing the Atlantic by, [92]
—— invention of hot-air, [19]
—— kite, [94]
Balloons, [19], [20], [21], [37], [68], et seq.
—— captive, [76], [93], [146]
—— changes of temperature observed in, [71], [73], [75], [77], [84], [88], [90]
—— changing the direction of, [93]
Ballons-sondes, [98] et seq.
Barometer, [15], [16], [85], [113]
Baro-thermograph of Richard, [102]
Barral, balloon ascent, [73], [84]
Batavia, Java, international cloud measurements, [65]
Batut (A.), photography from kites, [123]
Berson (A.), balloon ascents, [81], [87] et seq.
Bert (P.), respiration of oxygen, [82]
Besançon (G.), [98], [99], [101], [104]
Bezold (W. von), wave-cloud, [40]
Biot (J. B.), balloon ascent, [73]
Birt (W. R.), kite at Kew Observatory, [122]
Bixio, balloon ascent, [73], [84]
Blanc, Mont, [20], [21]
Blanchard, balloon ascent with Jeffries, [70], [71]
Blue Hill Observatory, [47], [51], [53], [64], [108], [126] et seq.
Bonaparte (Prince Roland), patron of aeronautics, [112]
Bonpland (A.), ascent in Andes, [20]
Bonvallet (L.), exploring balloons, [99]
Bouguer (P.), height of freezing-point, [18]
Boyle (R.), [16]
C
Cailletet (L.), [112], [113]
Cambridge, Mass., clouds measured at, [53]
Castelli (B.), invented rain-gauge, [13]
Cavallo (T.), showed lightness of hydrogen, [69]
Celsius (A.), thermometer, [14]
Charles (J. A. C.), ascent in hydrogen balloon, [19], [68]
Cimento, Accademia del, [14]
Cirrus balloon, [106]
Clayton (H. H.), [45], [47], [53], [62], [133], [147], [167]
Cloud, amount of, [47] et seq.
—— atlases, [42], [43], [44]
—— Committee, International, [44], [65]
—— -year, international, [65]
Clouds, classification of, [41] et seq.
—— definitions of, [45]
—— formation of, [39]
—— observations of direction and relative velocity, [51], [65]
—— measurements of height and velocity, [52], [53] et seq., [65], [121]
—— on Jupiter, [51]
—— relation to forecasting, [63-4]
[Cotte (L.)], on clouds, [38]
Coxwell (H.), aeronaut for Glaisher, [75] et seq.
Crocé-Spinelli (J.), ascent in Zenith, [82]
Cyclones, [59], [170]
D
Dalton (J.), water-vapour in the air, [38]
Daniell (J. F.), mountains a registering thermometer, [13]
Davis (W. M.), cloud measurements, [53]
Deluc (J. A.), theory of clouds, [42]
De Saussure (H. B.), [20], [42], [73]
—— (H. B.), ascent of Mont Blanc, [20]
Deutsche-Seewarte, Hamburg, [43]
Donaldson (W. H.), proposed crossing Atlantic in a balloon, [92]
E
Eddy (W. A.), [123], [124] et seq.
Eiffel Tower, Paris, [23], [152]
Ekholm (N.), [53], [92]
Electricity, atmospheric, [70], [76], [121], [141]
Espy (J. P.), kites to verify calculated height of clouds, [121]
Etna, ascended by ancients, [12]
Euler (L.), theory of kites, [118]
Exploring the atmosphere, methods of, [35] et seq., [145-6]
F
Fahrenheit (D. G.), thermometer, [14]
Ferdinand II. (Grand Duke), distributed meteorological instruments, [17]
Fergusson (S. P.), [35], [53], [126], [128], [131], [136]
Ferrel (W.), theory of cyclones, [173]
Flammarion (C.), balloon ascents, [81]
Flying machines, future, [59], [174]
Fonvielle (W. de), [81], [108]
Förster (W.), hypothesis of Himmelsluft, [28]
Forecasting by kites, [143], [147]
Franklin (B.), experiment with kites, [121], [123]
Franklin Kite Club, [121]
G
Galileo (G.), [14], [15]
Gay-Lussac (J. L.), balloon ascent, [20], [73]
German Emperor (William II.), patron of aeronautics, [86]
—— Society for Promotion of Aërial Navigation, [86], [93], [106]
Glaisher (J.), balloon ascents, [75] et seq., [93]
Green (C.), aeronaut for Welsh, [74]
Grimaldi (F. M.), first measured clouds trigonometrically, [52]
Guericke (O. von), experiment of Magdeburg hemispheres, [16]
H
Hagström (K.), measured clouds, [53]
Halley (E.), measured heights by barometer, [17]
[Hann (J.)], [36], [173]
Han Sin, employed kites in warfare, [117]
Hargrave (L.), invented cellular kite, [129]
Harrington (M. W.), advocated exploring air with kites, [125]
Harvard College Observatory, [35], [48]
Hazen (H. A.), highest balloon ascent in America, [85]
Height of balloon, Cailletet's apparatus for obtaining, [113]
Heights of kite-flights at Blue Hill, [21], [140]
—— how measured by barometer, [17], [101]
Heim (A.), voyage across the Alps, [92]
[Hellmann (G.)], historical researches, [12]
Helmholtz (H. von), wave-cloud, [40]
Hergesell (H.), President of Aeronautical Committee, [108]
Hermite (G.), [98], [99], [101]
Hildebrandsson (H. H.), [42], [65]
Hodgkins' Fund of Smithsonian Institution, grant from, [131]
Howard (L.), cloud nomenclature, [41]
Humboldt (A. von), [18], [20], [35]
Humidity, changes with altitudes, [34], [71], [73], [77], [151], [169], [171]
—— diurnal changes at different altitudes, [153]
—— types of change with altitudes, [159] et seq.
Hutton (J.), cause of precipitation, [38]
Hygrometer, invention of, [13]
J
Jeffries (J.), first scientific balloon ascent, [69]
—— first to cross the English Channel, [71]
Jourdanet (D.), hypothesis of descent of man, [24]
Jovis, balloon ascent, [84]
Jupiter, analogy between cloudiness on earth and on, [51]
K
Kepler (J.), height of atmosphere, [12]
Kew Observatory, [53], [74], [122]
Köppen (W.), cloud atlas, [43]
Kirwan (R.), temperature at different latitudes, [18]
Kite, antiquity of the, [117]
—— Eddy or Malay, [124], [129]
—— flights at Blue Hill, [21], [137], [140], [142]
—— Hargrave, [129], [132]
—— Lamson's "aero-curve," [134]
—— photography, [123], [126], [173]
—— theory of, [118], [124], [130]
Kites, first scientific use of, [120]
—— first self-recording instruments raised by, [126]
—— oriental tailless, [118]
—— scientific uses of, [173]
Kite-winch at Blue Hill, steam, [131], [136]
Krakatoa, eruption of volcano, [27]
L
Lamarck (J. B.), first to classify cloud forms, [41]
Lamson (C. H.), aero-curve kite, [134]
[Langley (S. P.)], [28], [174]
Laplace (P. S. de), [17], [23], [101]
Lavoisier (A. L.), [19], [68]
Ley (W. C.), classification of clouds, [42]
Lunardi (V.), balloon ascent, [69]
M
M'Adie (A.), [53], [123]
Magnetism, variation with height, [73], [77]
Mallet (M.), balloon ascent, [84]
Manila, Philippine Islands, cloud measurements at, [65-6]
Mariotte (E.), law of gases, [16]
Melvill (T.), aided in first scientific use of kites, [120]
Merle (W.), oldest weather chronicles, [12]
Meteorograph for kites, [128], [136]
Meteorological conferences, international, [42], [44], [108]
Meteorology, first treated by Aristotle, [10]
—— origin of, [10]
Misti, El, highest station, [35]
Montgolfier brothers, invented hot-air balloon, [19]
[Müntz] (A.), analysis of air, [112-13]
N
Nares (Sir G.), storm-kite, [122]
Nebular hypothesis of Laplace, [23]
Neumayer (G.), cloud-atlas, [42]
Newton (I.), improved kites, [118]
O
Olympus, mountain ascended by ancients, [11]
Oxford, oldest weather chronicles, [12]
P
Parseval (A. von), kite-balloon, [94]
Pascal (B.), experiment with barometer, [15], [16]
Perier (F.), idem, [15]
Photography from balloons, [81], [113]
—— from kites, [123], [126], [173]
Pickering (E. C.), pole-star recorder, [48]
Pike's Peak, meteorological station, [35]
Pilâtre de Rozier (J. F.), first to ascend in balloon, [19]
Pliny, the atmosphere, [9]
Pocock (G.), great kite, [122]
Poëy (A.), classification of clouds, [42]
Priestley (J.), oxygen in the air, [18]
R
Rain-gauge, invention of, [13]
Réaumur (R. A. F. de), thermometer, [14]
Rey (J.), first thermometer filled with liquid, [14]
Riccioli (G. B.), first to measure clouds trigonometrically, [52]
Richard (Abbé), clouds, [38]
—— (J.), self-recording instruments, [101], [125], [128], [136]
Robertson (E. G.), [72], [73]
—— balloon ascent, [72]
Rotch (A. L.), balloon ascents, [85], [86]
S
Sacharoff, balloon ascent, [72]
Siegsfeld (H. B. von), kite-balloon, [94]
Sigsbee (C. D.), [44], [131]
Sivel (T.), ascent in Zenith, [82]
Spelterini (E.), balloon voyage with Heim, [92]
Spencer (S.), aeronaut for Berson, [89]
Sweetland (A. E.), prognostics from clouds, [63]
Symons (G. J.), meteorologist and bibliophile, [12]
T
Teisserenc de Bort (L.), [51], [116], [144]
Temperature, change with height, [18], [29], [71], [73], [75], [77], [89], [90], [104], [107], [120], [121], [126], [141], [151], [167]
—— diurnal changes at different altitudes, [152], [161-2]
—— types of change with altitude, [154] et seq.
Theodolite, registering, [106]
Theophrastus, weather prognostics, [11]
Thermometer, aspiration, [74], [86]
—— metallic, [116]
—— sling, [85]
Thermometers, early, [14]
Tissandier (A.), sketches of optical phenomena, [81]
—— (G.), ascent in Zenith, [81], [82]
Toronto, Canada, international cloud measurements, [65]
Torricelli (E.), invented barometer, [15]
Tycho Brahe, height of atmosphere, [12]
U
United States hydrographic office, [44]
—— weather bureau, [44], [65], [143]
Upsala, Sweden, clouds measured at, [53], [58], [66]
V
[Violle] (J.), [112], [115]
W
Washington (Mount), meteorological station, [35]
Weather chronicles, first, [12]
—— forecasting by means of clouds, [63]
—— prognostics of Aristotle and Theophrastus, [11]
—— vane, oldest meteorological instrument, [13]
Weber (L.), measured electric potential with kites, [124]
Welsh (J.), balloon ascents, [74]
Wenz (E.), photography from kites, [123]
Wilson (A.), first scientific use of kites, [120]
Wind at different heights, [57] et seq., [98], [153], [170], [171]
Wire for kite-lines, [123], [131], [134]
Wise (J.), [84], [92]
Woglom (J. T.), photography from kites, [123]
Y
Young (C. A.), limit of atmosphere, [28]
Z
Zenith, catastrophe of balloon, [82]
Zero, absolute, [33]
Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay.
Transcriber's Notes
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