To Mr. Joseph Crawhall (cousin of one author) we and our readers are indebted for a series of drawings that speak for themselves.

Further, we desire most heartily to thank H.R.H. the Duke of Orleans for notes and photographs illustrative both of Baetican scenery and of the wild camels of the marisma; also the many Spanish and Anglo-Spanish friends whose assistance is specifically acknowledged, passim, in the text.

Should some slight slip or repetition have escaped the final revision, may we crave indulgence of critics? ‘Tis not care that lacks, but sheer mnemonics. In a work of (we are told) 150,000 words the mass of manuscript appals, and to detect every single error may well prove beyond our power. We have lost, moreover, that guiding eye and pilot-like touch on the helm that helped to steer our earlier venture through the shoals and seething whirlpools that ever beset voyages into the unknown.

A. C.
W. J. B.

British Vice-Consulate, Jerez,
December 1910.

Contents

CHAP. PAGE
[I.] Unexplored Spain: Introductory [1]
[II.] " " " (Continued)[17]
[III.] The Coto Doñana: Our Historic Hunting-Ground (A Foreword
by Sir Maurice de Bunsen, P.C., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., British
Ambassador at Madrid)		[30]
[IV.] The Coto Doñana: Notes on its Physical Formation, Fauna, and Red Deer[35]
[V.] Andalucia and its Big Game: Still-Hunting[54]
[VI.] " " "Wild-Boar[70]
[VII.]“Our Lady of the Dew”: The Pilgrimage to the Shrine Of Nuestra Señora del Rocío[82]
[VIII.] The Marismas of Guadalquivir[88]
[IX.] Wildfowl-Shooting in the Marismas[105]
[X.] Wild-Geese in Spain: Their Species, Haunts, and Habits[114]
[XI.] Wild-Geese on the Sand-Hills[125]
[XII.] Some Records in Spanish Wildfowling[133]
[XIII.] The Spanish Ibex[139]
[XIV.] Sierra Moréna: Ibex[147]
[XV.] " "Red Deer and Boar[158]
[XVI.] Pernales[174]
[XVII.] La Mancha[183]
[XVIII.] The Spanish Bull-Fight[192]
[XIX.] The Spanish Fighting-Bull[200]
[XX.] Sierra de Grédos[208]
[XXI.] " ": Ibex-Hunting[216]
[XXII.] An Abandoned Province: Estremadura[225]
[XXIII.] Las Hurdes (Estremadura) and the Savage Tribes that inhabit them[234]
[XXIV.] The Great Bustard[242]
[XXV.] " " (Continued)[256]
[XXVI.] Flamingoes[265]
[XXVII.] Wild Camels[275]
[XXVIII.] After Chamois in the Asturias[283]
[XXIX.] Highlands of Asturias[294]
[XXX.] The Sierra Neváda[301]
[XXXI.] " " (Continued)[311]
[XXXII.] Valencia[321]
[XXXIII.] Small-Game Shooting in Spain[328]
[XXXIV.] Alimañas, or The Minor Beasts of Chase[337]
[XXXV.] Our “Home-Mountains”: The Serranía de Ronda[347]
[XXXVI.] " " " " (Continued)[360]
[XXXVII.] A Spanish System of Wildfowling: The “Cabresto” or Stalking-Horse[371]
[XXXVIII.] The “Corros”, or Massing of Wildfowl in Spring for their Northern Migration[376]
[XXXIX.] Spring-Time in the Marismas[381]
[XL.] Sketches of Spanish Bird-life[392]
[Appendix][407]
[Index][413]
List of Plates
H.M. King Alfonso XIII. spearing a BoarFrontispiece
FACING PAGE
Typical Landscape in Coto Doñana[30]
Egret Heronry at Santolalla, Coto Doñana[32]
Red Deer in Doñana. From a Drawing by Joseph Crawhall[36]
Three Views in Coto Doñana: (1) Saharan Sand-Dunes; (2) Transport;
(3) a Corral, Or Pinewood Enclosed by Sand		[40]
Red Deer. From Drawings by Joseph Crawhall[46]
Inspiring Moments[51]
Gunning-Punt in the Marisma[90]
Wild-Goose Shooting on the Sand-hills[90]
Vasquez approaching Wildfowl with Cabresto-Pony[90]
Stancheon-Gun in the Marisma—Dawn[106]
Wild-Geese in the Marisma[122]
Spanish Ibex in Sierra de Grédos[140]
Heads of Spanish Ibex[152]
Red-Deer Heads, Sierra Moréna[156]
Wolf shot in Sierra Moréna, March 1909[158]
Huntsman with Caracola, Sierra Moréna[158]
Pack of Podencos, Sierra Moréna[158]
Wild-Boar, weighing 200 Lbs.[162]
The Record Head (Red Deer), Sierra Moréna[162]
Red Deer. From Drawings by Joseph Crawhall[166]
Red Deer. From Drawings by Joseph Crawhall[170]
Wild-Boar. From Drawings by Joseph Crawhall[170]
Red-Deer Heads, Sierra Moréna[172]
Bull-Fighting. From a Drawing by Joseph Crawhall[194]
Bull-Fighting. From a Drawing by Joseph Crawhall[198]
After the Stroke. From a Drawing by Joseph Crawhall[202]
Scenes in Sierra de Grédos[212]
“At the Apex of all the Spains”[216]
Two Spanish Ibex shot in Sierra de Grédos, July 1910[220]
Great Bustard[250]
Slender-billed Curlew[250]
Great Bustard “showing off”[260]
Flamingoes on their Nests[272]
Wild Camels[276]
Capturing a Wild Camel in the Marisma[280]
The Home of the Chamois[286]
Peaks of Sierra Neváda[306]
Nest of Griffon[306]
Royal Shooting at the Pardo, near Madrid[334]
Illustrations in the Text
PAGE
Lammergeyer (Gypaëtus barbatus)[3]
Woodchat Shrike (Lanius pomeranus)[7]
Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus)[9]
Wooden Plough-share[12]
Cetti’s Warbler (Sylvia cettii)[14]
Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata)[16]
Fantail Warbler (Cisticola cursitans)[17]
Rock-Thrush (Petrocincla saxatilis)[18]
A Village Posada[20]
Serin (Serinus hortulanus)[23]
Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila bonellii)[26]
Black Vulture (Vultur monachus)[27]
White-Faced Duck (Erismatura leucocephala)[28]
Spanish Imperial Eagle[31]
Spanish Lynx[33]
Greenshank (Totanus canescens)[34]
Sketch-Map of Delta of Guadalquivir[35]
Marsh-Harrier (Circus aeruginosus)[38]
“Silent Songsters”[39]
Blackstart (Ruticilla titys)[39]
Great Spotted Cuckoo (Oxylophus glandarius)[41]
“Globe-Spanners”[42]
“Confidence”[43]
Abnormal Cast Antler[44]
Egret[45]
“Suspicion”[49]
Altabaca (Scrofularia)[51]
Tomillo de Arena[51]
“What’s This?”[52]
Antlers[56]
Stag “taking the Wind”[57]
Sylvia melanocephala[60]
Reed-Climbers[61]
Great Grey Shrike (Lanius meridionalis)[62]
Spanish Green Woodpecker (Gecinus sharpei)[63]
Tarantula[64]
Stag—as he fell[67]
Hoopoes at Jerez, March 19, 1910[69]
“Room for Two”[71]
Wild-Boar—at bay[73]
Wild-Boar—“Bolted past”[79]
Wild-Boar[81]
Praying Mantis[87]
Avocet[88]
Samphire[90]
Greylag Geese[92]
White-Eyed Pochard (Fuligula nyroca)[94]
“Flamingoes over”[95]
Pochard (Fuligula ferina)[96]
Flight of Flamingoes[97]
Wild-Geese alighting[98]
Wildfowl in the Marisma[101]
Flamingoes[102]
Stilt[105]
Godwits[113]
Root of Spear-Grass[115]
System of driving Wild-Geese[117]
Shelters for driving Wild-Geese[118]
Godwits[124]
Wild-Geese alighting on Sand-Hills[129]
Wild-Geese[133]
Godwits[134]
Sketch-Map of the Nucléo Central of Grédos[141]
Grey Shrike[162]
Azure-Winged Magpie[163]
Sardinian Warbler[164]
Griffon Vulture[166]
Pair of Antlers[167]
Stag—“picking his way up a Rock-Staircase”[168]
“The Hart bounced, full-broadside, over the Pass”[169]
Pernales[175]
Sparrow-Owls (Athene noctua) and Moths[182]
Hoopoes[183]
Woodchat Shrike and its “Shambles”[184]
Desert-loving Wheatears[185]
Red-crested Pochard (Fuligula rufila)[186]
Red-crested Pochards[190]
“Minor Game”[210]
Southern Grey Shrike[212]
Griffon Vulture and Nest[215]
“The Way of an Eagle in the Air” (Lammergeyer)[218]
Black Vulture (Vultur monachus)[222]
Roller (Coracias garrula)[226]
Trujillo[227]
“Scavengers”[228]
Wolf-proof Dog-Collar[231]
Woodlark[232]
Sketch-Map of Las Hurdes[234]
White Wagtail[238]
Wolf-proof Sheepfold[239]
The Great Bustard[243]
Well on Andalucian Plain[244]
Calandra Lark[246]
Spanish Thistle and Stonechat[248]
Bustards—“Swerve aside”[252]
Bustards passing full broadside[254]
Imperial Eagle—“Hurtling through Space”[258]
Draw-Well with Cross-Bar[259]
“Hechando la Rueda”[260]
Tail-Feathers of Great Bustard[261]
Little Bustard[263]
Stilts in the Marisma[265]
Flamingoes[266]
Stilts disturbed at Nesting-Place[268]
Flamingoes and their Nests[269]
Flight of Flamingoes[270-1]
Head of Flamingo[273]
Little Gull and Tern[274]
Flamingoes[277]
“The Camels a-coming”[281]
Chamois[283]
A Chamois Drive—Picos de Europa[288]
Hoopoe[293]
Lammergeyer (Gypaëtus barbatus)[303]
“Unemployed”: Bee-eaters on a Wet Morning[311]
Woodlark (Alauda arborea)[313]
Lammergeyer[314]
Soaring Vulture[315]
Golden Eagle Hunting[317]
Rock-Thrush[318]
Spanish Sparrow[320]
Imperial Eagle Passing Overhead[342]
Pinsápo Pine (Abies pinsapo)[347]
Rock-Bunting (Emberiza cia)[348]
Pinsápo Pines[350]
Crossbill[351]
Lammergeyer Overhead[353]
Golden Eagle Hunting[354]
Vultures[356]
Lammergeyer entering Eyrie[358]
Lammergeyer[361]
Griffon Vultures[368]
Reed-Bunting[378]
Grey Plover[381]
Head of Crested Coot[384]
Avocets Feeding[385]
White-Faced Duck (Erismatura leucocephala)[387]
Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea)[389]
Grey Plovers[390]
Orphean Warbler[391]
Savi’s Warbler (Sylvia savii)[393]
Unknown Insect[394]
Bonelli’s Eagles[395]
Great Spotted Cuckoo (Oxylophus glandarius)[400]
Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra)[402]