PART II.
SPRING-MIGRANTS TO SPAIN.
WITH DATES OF ARRIVAL, Etc., IN ANDALUCIA.
In the following list we endeavour to indicate the closest possible point of time for the arrival, nesting, and departure of spring-migrants to Spain, the dates especially referring to Andalucia. But since the passage of almost each species, though in many cases punctual to a day or two in commencing, continues during three or four weeks—and in some instances over much longer periods—it is only possible to approximate. Thus there is a distinct arrival of Swallows in February (early in March many already have eggs), yet the "through-transit" of vast bodies—destined perhaps to populate Lapland and Siberia—is conspicuous throughout April, and even into May.
In compiling these lists the recorded observations of other naturalists have been freely utilized, especially the papers of Lord Lilford and Mr. Howard Saunders in the Ibis, and Col. Irby's "Ornithology of the Straits of Gibraltar." In ornithological matters the writer has a weakness for dates,[79] and the last-mentioned work fairly bristles with these valuable facts. For five springs its author maintained a careful watch on the Straits, and during those years hardly a movement of feathered fowl betwixt the Pillars of Hercules could escape his vigilance.
LIST OF SPRING-MIGRANTS.
| Arrives. | Nests. | Departs. | Remarks. | |
| Egyptian Vulture | End Feb.-Mar. | April 1-10 | Sept. | |
| Montagu's Harrier | End Mar. | May 1-10 | Sept. | |
| Booted Eagle | Mar. 25 | April 10 | Sept.} | A few winter |
| Serpent Eagle | Mar. 8 | April 15 | Oct.} | near Malaga. |
| Black Kite | Mar. 10 | April 30 | Sept.-Oct. | |
| Honey Buzzard | End April-May | None breed | Sept. 17, '92 | In transit only. |
| Hobby | April | Sept. | do. | |
| Lesser Kestrel | End Feb.-Mar. | April 25 | Sept.-Oct. | Some winter. |
| Scop's Owl | Mid-Mar. | May 10 | Sept.-Oct. | do. |
| R. N. Nightjar | May 1 | May 25 | Sept.-Oct. | |
| Swift | Mar.-April | May | Sept.-Oct. | |
| Pallid Swift | End Mar.-April | do. | ||
| Alpine Swift | Mar. 25-Apl. | do. | Aug.-Sept. | |
| Roller | End Mar.-April | April 15 | Sept. | |
| Bee-Eater | End Mar.-April | May 15 | July-Aug. | |
| Hoopoe | End Feb.-April | May 1 | Aug.-Oct. | |
| Cuckoo | Mar. 25-April | April 23 | July-Aug. | |
| Spotted Cuckoo | Feb. 28-Mar. | April 15 | July-Aug. | |
| Wryneck | March | Sept. | Breeds in Castile. | |
| Ring-Ouzel[{%}] | Mar.-April | Few breed[{%}] | Autumn | Transit.[{%}] |
| Rock-Thrush | End Mar.-Apl.—early | May (Arragon) | 26 Sept., '68 (Irby) | |
| Wheatear | Mar. 1-April | None breed | Oct.-Nov. | In transit. |
| Eared Wheatear | Mar. 30-April | May 10, '71 | Autumn | |
| Russet Wheatear | Mar. 30-April | May 12, '71 | do. | |
| Whinchat | April 10, '83 | None breed | Sept. | Transit only. |
| Nightingale | April 8-15 | May 7, '83 | Aug.-Sept | |
| Redstart[{%}] | Mar. 25-April | None breed | Sept.-Oct. | Transit. |
| Garden Warbler | Mid-April | May 10 | Oct. | |
| Orphean Warbler | Mid-April | May 15 | Sept. | |
| Whitethroat | April 10-20 | May 12 | Sept.-Oct. | |
| Spectacled Warbler | Mar. 10 (Irby) | |||
| Sub-alpine Warbler | March (end) | May (early) | Oct. | |
| Bonelli's Warbler | April-early | Sept. | ||
| Wood-Wren | April 25 | May 25 | Oct. | Scarce. |
| Willow-Wren | March | April 10 | Many resident. | |
| Chiffchaff | April 20 | do. | ||
| Yellow Willow-Wren | April (end) | May 20 | Aug.-Sept. | |
| W. Pallid do. | May 1 | June 10 | Aug.-Sept. | |
| Rufous Warbler | May 1 | May 28 | Sept. | |
| Savi's Warbler. | March (?) | May 4 | Aug. (Irby) | Rare and local. |
| Great Sedge Warbler | April | May 28 | ||
| Reed-Warbler | End March | May 5 | ||
| Pied Flycatcher[{%%}] | April 8-30 | None breed[{%}] | Oct. 1-17 | |
| Spotted do. | May 10 | May 25 | Aug.-Sept. | In transit. |
| Swallow | Mid-Feb. to May | Mar.-April | Sept.-Oct. | A few in winter. |
| Martin | February | Sept.-Oct. | ||
| Sand-Martin | Feb.-Mar. | May (H. S.) | Oct. | A few all winter. |
| Crag-Martin | Feb.-Mar. | April-May | Oct.-Nov. | Many in winter. |
| Woodchat | Mar.-April | May 10 | Sept.-Oct. | |
| G. H. Wagtail. | Feb.-Mar. | April 25 | Aug.-Sept. | |
| Tree Pipit | Mar.-April | None breed | Oct.-Nov. | In transit. |
| Tawny Pipit | April | Aug. | Some breed, H. S. | |
| Short-toed Lark | Mid-March | April 20 | Aug.-Sept. | |
| C. Batica{%%} | ? | May 9 | ? | (Unknown). |
| Cirl-Bunting | Mar. | April 12 | Oct.-Nov. | Many resident. |
| Ortolan | April | May 5 | Sept. | |
| Serin | February | May 10 | Oct.-Nov. | |
| Golden Oriole | April 15-20 | May 20 | Aug.-Sept. | |
| Spotless Starling | March | April 23 | Sept. | |
| Turtle-Dove | April-end May | May | Sept. (end) Oct. | |
| Quail | Mar.-April | May | Sept. 15-30 | |
| Landrail | Feb.-Mar. | None breed | Oct. | Many winter. |
| Purple Gallinule | February | April 25 | Oct. | Many resident. |
| Stone-Curlew | Mar.-April | April 20 | Oct.-Nov. | Many resident. |
| Pratincole | April 8-20 | May 12 | Sept. | |
| Grey Plover | May | None breed | Nov. | On passage only. |
| Kentish Plover. | March | April 15 | Many winter. | |
| Lesser Ring Plover | Mid-March | May 10 | ||
| Common Sandpiper[{%%%}] | April 15 | breed[{%%%}] | Aug.-Sept. | |
| Curlew Sandpiper[{$}] | May | None breed | Transit. | |
| Knot | May 1-10 | do. | do. | |
| Wood-Sandpiper | April-May | do. | do. | |
| Greenshank | April-May | do. | Sept.-Oct. | A few winter. |
| Black-tailed Godwit | Feb.-Mar. | do. | ||
| Bar-tailed do. | May | do. | Sept. | |
| Ruff | April-May | do. | Aug.-Sept. | Many winter. |
| Great Snipe | April-May | do. | Sept.-Oct. | |
| Whimbrel | May | do. | Sept.-Oct. | |
| Slender-billed Curlew | Spring | do. | Autumn | A few winter. |
| Purple Heron | March 20 | April 10 | Sept. | |
| Little Egret | April-early | June 8 | Oct.-Nov. | |
| Buff-backed Heron | Mar.-April | do. | ||
| Squacco do. | April 20 | do. | ||
| Little Bittern | April-end | do. | Sept. | |
| Night Heron | April-end | May 20 | ||
| Glossy Ibis | April 20 | May 28 | ||
| Spoonbill | April 10 | May (early) (Irby) | Observed in winter. | |
| Crane | Feb.-Mar. | April 25 | Oct. | Many winter. |
| Demoiselle Crane | Mar.-April | Aug. | ||
| Stork | Jan.-Feb. | March (end) | Sept. | Many winter. |
| Black Stork | Feb. to May | May | Nov. | |
| Marbled Duck. | April | May (end) | Sept. | |
| Garganey | Feb.-Mar. | do. | Sept. | Very irregular. |
| Nyroca Pochard | Feb.-Mar. | May 20 | Oct.-Nov. | |
| White-faced Duck | Mar.-April. | May 20 | Oct.-Nov. | |
| Gull-billed Tern | April 8 | May 25 | ||
| Lesser Tern | April 13 | May 25 | Oct. 25 (Irby) | |
| Whiskered Tern | April 10 | May 20 | Aug. (Favier) | |
| Black Tern | May 1 | May 30 | Sept.-Oct. (Favier) |
[{%}] Some Ring-Ouzels nest in Sierra Nevada—eggs received from Colmenar by H. S.—possibly also some Redstarts.
[{%%}] Pied Flycatcher believed to breed in Castile (H. S.). C. Batica is perhaps resident.
[{%%%}] The Sandpiper breeds in Castile and in Portugal, and a few pairs may possibly do so in Andalucia. The main transit occurs about April 15, coinciding with their arrival on the North British moorlands.
[{$}] Many other congeneric species of the Plover and Sandpiper class, such as Sanderling, Little and Temminck's Stints, Purple Sandpiper, &c., might also be included, passing north through Andalucia in millions at the same period; but many individuals also spend the autumn and winter there.