The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela - active 12th century of Tudela Benjamin

Gad, tribe of, [72].
Galid, [48].
Galilee, lower, [45].
Gallipoli, [24].
Gamaliel, Rabban, grave of, [44].
Gana, [97].
Gardens and plantations: at Amalfi, [13];
Baalbec, [49];
Babylon, [63];
Bagdad, [64];
Damascus, [46];
Galid, [48];
Messina, [108];
on banks of Nile, [101];
at Palermo, [108];
Rahbah, [53];
Sebastiya, [32];
Shushan, [74];
Teima, [71].
Gardiki, [18].
Gascony, merchants from, [106].
Gate of Mercy, at Jerusalem, [36].
Gates, iron, made by Alexander, [62].
Gath, [32].
Gazigan (Resen), [64].
Gebal (Gebela, Baal-Gad), [27].
Gebal (Gubail), [28].
Genoa, [6];
merchants from, [2], [106].
Genoese, at Montpellier, [3];
at Armylo, [18];
rule over Gubail, [28];
military and naval exploits of the, [7].
Gentiles, in Jerusalem, [36];
pilgrims to Bourg de St. Gilles, [5].
Georgians, in Jerusalem, [34].
Gerizim, Mount, [32-4].
Germany, [109];
merchants from, [106].
Gerona, [2].
Geziret Ibn Omar, [51].
Ghaznah, [82].
Ghetto, the, at Constantinople, defiled by tanners, [24];
at Bourg de St. Gilles, [5].
Ghuz, the sons of, [86].
Ghuzz, [57].
Gibeah of Saul, [42].
Gibeon the Great, [34].
Gihon, river, [62].
Gilān, see also Daylam.
Gilboa, Mount, [34].
Gilead, see Galid.
Girgashites, [62].
Glass-making, at Antioch, [26];
at Tyre, [30].
Golden calf, at Dan, [46].
Goshen, [102].
Gozan, river, [51], [75], [78], [82], [83], [85].
Graves, see Sepulchres.
Great Sea, the, [31].
Greece (Byzantine Empire), attacked by Genoese, [7];
administered by twelve ministers, [19];
extent of, [26];
merchants from, [2], [3], [106].
Greek buildings at Tarragona, [1].
Greeks, in Constantinople, [22];
Gardiki, [18];
Jerusalem, [34];
Taranto, [14];
despoiled by the Wallachians, [17];
Naples founded by the, [12].
Griffin, sailors rescued by, [95].
Gubail (Gebal), [28].
Gurgan, land of, [62].

Habor, river, see El-Khabur.
Hadadezer, [11].
Hadara, [54].
Hafiz, see Caliph of Bagdad.
Hahepher, see Haifa.
Hai, R., sepulchre of, [69].
Haifa (Hahepher), [31].
Hainault, merchants from, [106].
Hakkadosh, Rabbenu, grave of, [44].
Halah, [83].
Haleb, see Aleppo.
Ham, sons of, [97].
Hamah (Hamath), [26], [49].
Hamadan, [81].
Hanan, R., the Nasi, [70].
Hananel, R., the physician, [13].
Hananiah, furnace into which he was thrown, [65];
sepulchre of, [68].
Hanes, see Tanis.
Har Gaash, see Montpellier.
Harrān, [51].
Hashishim (al-), see Assassins.
Havilah, [97], [101].
Hazor, [50].
Head of a giant used as a bath, [47].
Head of the Captivity, see Exilarch, Bostanai the Nasi, and Daniel the son of Hisdai.
Hebron, [40].
Heluan (Helwan), [97].
Heretical Jews in Cyprus, [25].
Hermon, Mount, [29], [46].
Hiddekel (Tigris) river, [52-4], [58], [64], [73], [74], [88].
Hillah, [65], [69].
Hillel, sepulchre of, [45].
"Hipparchus," king, [19].
Hippodrome, at Constantinople, [21].
"Holy of Holies," [36].
Hospices, owned by Exilarch, [63];
of the Jews, [63].
Hospital, built by Caliph of Bagdad, [59];
in Jerusalem, [35].
Hot-water springs, at Pozzuoli, [12];
Tiberias, [45].
Huna, Rab, sepulchre of, [68].
Hungaria, merchants from, [20], [106].

Ibelin, [43].
Ibrig, [92].
Idol of the children of Ammon, [28].
India, [62], [72];
merchants from, [89], [106].
Indian Ocean, [88], [107].
Inns, in Alexandria, [106];
Mizraim, [99].
Inscriptions, Alexandria, [106];
Ramleh, [43];
dates on sepulchres, [37].
Intermarriage among Druses, [29].
Irbil, [52].
Ireland, merchants from, [106].
Isaac, sepulchre of, [41].
Isaac Napcha, R., Synagogue of, [66].
Ishmael, merchants from, [3].
Ishmaelites, [49].
Islam, men of, [55], [57], [58].
--great mosque of, [57].
Ispahan, [82].
Israel, land of, earthquake in the, [28].
Israelites, bones of the, at Hebron, [41].

Jabbok, river, [26], [49].
Jabneh, [43].
Jabustrisa, [17].
Jacob, sepulchre of, [41].
Jacobites, in Jerusalem, [34].
Jaffa, [43].
Javan, land of, see Greece.
Jean de Maurienne, mountain of, [109].
Jeconiah, king of Judah, built Hadara, [54];
built Synagogue of Ezekiel, [66];
property belonging to, [67];
sepulchre of, [69].
Jehoshaphat, gate of, [36].
--valley of, [37].
Jehuda, Rab, grave of, [53].
Jehuda ben Bethera, R., sepulchre of, [45].
Jehudah Halevi, R., sepulchre of, [45].
Jerusalem, [9], [34-7];
earth of, [79].
--mourners of, [39], [70], [111].
Jesus the Nazarene, [9];
burial-place of, [35].
Jewish names adopted by the Wallachians, [17].
Jews: in Achelous, [15];
Acre, [31];
Aden, [95-6];
Al-Bubizig, [103];
Al-Gingaleh, [95];
Aleppo, [50];
Alexandria, [107];
Almah, [45];
Amadia, [77];
Amalfi, [13];
Antioch, [26];
Arles, [5];
Armylo, [18];
Arta, [15];
near Babylon, [65];
in Bagdad, [59-64];
Balis, [50];
Barcelona, [1];
Basra, [73];
Beirut, [28];
Benevento, [13];
Benha, [103];
Beziers, [2];
Bilbais, [103];
Bohemia, [111];
Bourg de St. Gilles, [5];
Brindisi, [14];
Caesarea, [32];
Capua, [11];
Chios, [25];
Christopoli, [19];
Corfu, [15];
Corinth, [16];
Crissa, [16];
Cyprus, [25];
Damascus, [47];
Damietta, [107];
Damira, [103];
Demetrizi, [19];
Drama, [19];
Egripo, [17];
El-Anbar, [53];
El-Mosul, [52];
Emesa, [49];
Fayum, [97];
Galid, [48];
Gallipoli, [24];
Gardiki, [18];
Gazigan, [64];
Genoa, [6-7];
Germany, [110];
Gerona, [2];
Geziret Ibn Omar, [52];
Ghaznah, [82];
Gubail, [28];
Hadara, [54];
Hamadan, [81];
Harrān, [51];
Heluan, [97];
Hillah, [65];
Ibrig, [92];
Ispahan, [82];
Jabustrisa, [17];
Kalat Jabar, [51];
Kales, [24];
Kaphri, [66];
Karkisiya, [53];
Katifa, [89];
Kheibar, [70], [72];
Kish, [89];
Kotsonath, [68];
Kufa, [69];
Kutz, [97];
Ladikiya, [27];
Lammanah, [103];
Lepanto, [16];
Lucca, [7];
Lunel, [3];
Mareshah, [42];
Marseilles, [6];
Melfi, [13-14];
Messina, [108];
Mytilene, [25];
Mizraim, [98];
Muneh Sifte, [103];
Naples, [12];
Narbonne, [2];
Nehardea, [69];
Otranto, [15];
Palermo, [108];
Patras, [15];
Pera, [24];
Pisa, [7];
Posquières, [4];
Rabonica, [17];
Rahbah, [53];
Rakka, [51];
Rams, [43];
Ras-el-Ain, [51];
Rhaedestus, [24];
Rhodes, [25];
Rome, [8];
Rudbar, [76];
Salerno, [12-13];
Salonica, [18];
Samarkand, [82];
Samnu, [103];
Samos, [25];
near Sepulchre of Ezra, [73];
in Shiraz, [82];
Shushan, [73];
Sidon, [29];
Simasim, [107];
Sinon Potamo, [17];
Slavonia, [111];
Tabaristan, [82];
Tanai and district, [71];
Tanis, [107];
Taranto, [14];
Tarmod, [49];
Thebes, [16];
Tiberias, [44];
Tilmas, [71-2];
Trani, [14];
Tyre, [30];
near river Virae, [72];
in Vissena, [18];
Zebid, [95].
--excluded from city of Constantinople, [23];
oppression of, [24].
--Black, of Malabar, [92].
--heretical (Epikursin), in Cyprus, [25].
--independent, of Abyssinia, [95];
Kheibar and Teima, [70];
land of Mulahid, [76];
mountains of Naisabur, [83-7];
Tadmor, [49].
--Karaïtes, in Constantinople, [23];
Cyprus, [25];
New Askelon, [44];
Damascus, [48].
--Rabbanite, [23], [25], [44].
--Samaritans (Cuthim), in Caesarea, [32];
Nablous, [33];
New Askelon, [44];
Damascus, [48].
--Occupations of the: archers, [88];
artificers in silk, [16], [19], [23];
astronomers, [45], [52], [80];
dyers, [15], [29], [32], [34], [35], [40], [43], [44], [49];
fighting men, [49], [70], [72], [83], [96];
glass-makers, [26], [30];
handi-craftsmen, [29];
merchants, [23], [29];
officials of the Pope, [8];
owners of cattle, [70];
physicians, [4], [13], [24], [48];
shipowners, [30];
tillers of the soil, [16], [17], [83].
Jezreel, [44].
Joab, [12].
Johanan ben Zakkai, R., sepulchre of, [45].
Jonah, Synagogue of Obadiah built by, [53].
Jonah, son of Amittai, grave of, [44].
Jonathan, crags of, [43].
Jordan, river, [33], [44], [46].
Jose Hagelili, R., sepulchre of, [46].
Joseph, grave of, [33];
store-house of, in Old Mizraim, [102].
Joseph, R., Burhan al-mulk, the astronomer, [52], [80].
Joseph Amarkala, R., [83].
Joseph ben Hama, Rab, sepulchre of, [68].
Joseph Sinai, sepulchre of, [68].
Judah, kings of, sepulchres of the, [39].
Judah, R., ben Tibbon, the physician, [4].
Jugglery, [21].

Kadmus, [27].
Kako, [32].
Kalat Jabar (Selah), [50].
Kales, [24].
Kalonymos, R., of Narbonne, [2].
Kaphri, [66].
Karaïtes, in Constantinople, [23];
Cyprus, [25];
Damascus, [48];
New Askelon, [44].
KarjatĪn (Kirjathim), [49].
Karkisiya, [53].
Katifa, [89].
Kedemoth see Kadmus.
Kedesh Naphtali, [46].
Kedumim, brook of, [31].
Kefar al-Keram, [68].
Keilah, [32].
Kenisat-al-Irakiyyin, [98].
Kenisat-al-Schamiyyin, [98].
Khazaria, merchants from, [20], [106].
Kheibar, [70], [72].
Khulam (Quilon), [90].
Khurasan, [62].
Khuzistan (Elam), [73], [88];
princes of, [57].
Kidron, brook of, [37].
Kieff, [111].
Kifto see Lepanto.
Kirjathim, see KarjatĪn.
Kish, [88-9].
Kishon, brook, [31].
Knights Templars and Hospitalers, [35].
Kofar-al-Turak, the, [83-7].
Kotsonath, [68].
Kufa, [69].
Kurch, see Curicus.
Kurland, merchants from, [106].
Kus (Kutz), [97].

Ladikiya, [26].
Lammanah, [103].
Larta, see Arta.
Latmin, see Dimin.
Law, the, method of reading, in Cairo Synagogues, [98].
Leah, sepulchre of, [41].
Learning, centres of: Bagdad, [61], [64];
Basra, [73];
Beziers, [2];
Bourg de St. Gilles, [5];
Capua, [11];
Constantinople, [23];
Damascus, [48];
El-Anbar, [53];
Kheibar, [72];
Lunel, [3];
Marseilles, [6];
Montpellier, [3];
Narbonne, [2];
Paris, [112];
Posquières, [4];
Rome, [8];
Rudbar, [76];
Salerno, [12], [13];
Thebes, [16].
Lebanon, Mount, [26], [27], [49].
--plains of, [48].
Lega, see Ladikiya.
Lepanto, [16].
Levites, [60].
Lighthouse at Alexandria, [104], [105].
Lipar, straits of, [108].
Lombardy, merchants from, [3], [20], [106];
sick people of, [12].
Lot's wife, [37].
Louis, king of France, [112].
Lucca, [7], [109].
Ludd (Lydda), [32], [44].
Lunel, [3].
Lybia, [95], [96];
merchants from, [106]
Lydda, see Ludd.

Machpelah, field of, [40].
Magicians at Bagdad, [64].
Mahomerie-le-Grand, [34].
Mahomerie-le-Petit, [43].
Malaria, in principality of Capua, [11].
Malmistras (Tarshish), [26].
Manar al Iskandriyyah, lighthouse built by Alexander, [104].
Manasseh, tribe of, [72].
Mantern, [111].
Maon, [32].
Mar Keshisha, Synagogue of, at Hillah, [65].
Maresha, [42].
Mari, R., Synagogue of, at Hillah, [65].
Market-places, in Mizraim, [99].
Marmora, sea of, [23].
Marsala, [109].
Marseilles, [6].
Martyrs, graves at Rome of the ten, [10].
Mastic, obtained at Chios, [25].
Masud, Sultan, [23].
Mata Mehasya, see Sura.
Mazliach, R., the lecturer, [48].
Mecca, pilgrims to, [55].
Media, land of, [51], [77], [81], [83];
merchants from, [20];
princes of, [57].
Medicinal properties, of Nile water, [101];
of petroleum and hot-water springs at Pozzuoli, [12].
Medicine, school of, at Salerno, [12].
Medon, see Meron.
"Megas Domesticus," [19].
"Megas Ducas," [20].
Meir, R., "crown of the scholars" at Damascus, [48].
--Synagogue of, at Hillah, [65].
Melfi, [13].
Merchants in Alexandria, [105], [106];
Amalfi, [13];
Armylo, [18];
Bagdad, [64];
Constantinople, [20], [23];
among the Druses, [29];
in Egripo, [17];
Ghaznah, [82];
Khulam, [90];
Kish, [89];
Montpellier, [3];
New Askelon, [44];
at Synagogue of Ezekiel, [67];
in Tarragona, [1];
Tyre, [31].
--Exilarch's revenue derived from, [63].
Meron (Medon), [45].
Mesopotamia, see Aram Naharaim.
Messina, [108].
Metz, [110].
Micah, graven image of, [46].
Mills, at Baalbec, [49].
Ministers of religion, power to appoint, given to Exilarch, [63].
Mishael, [65];
sepulchre of, [68].
Mizraim, New, [97], [98], [101], [102];
Old, [102].
Mohammed, [56], [61], [62], [67];
family of, [54], [69].
Mohammedans, [51], [52], [67], [69], [73], [108].
Montpellier (Har Gaash), [2], [3].
Mordecai, grave of, [81].
Moselle, river, [110].
Moses, "our teacher," [60];
law of, [92], [111];
Synagogue of, outside Mizraim, [102].
Moses, R., the archer, [88].
Mosque, at Damascus, [47];
of Islam at Bagdad, [57];
of Mohammedans at Kufa, [69];
Noah's Ark made into a, [52].
Mourners of Zion and Jerusalem, [39], [70], [111].
Mulahid, [76].
Muneh Sifte, [103].
Münster, [110].
Musk, from Tibet, [75], [82].
Mytilene, [25].

Nabal, the Carmelite, [32].
Nablous, [32].
Nahum, the Elkoshite, sepulchre of, [68];
Synagogue of, [53].
--village of, see Capernaum.
Naisabur, mountains of, [83], [85].
Names, Jewish, adopted by Wallachians, [17].
Naphtali, tribe of, [83].
Naples, [12].
Narbonne, [2].
Nasi of the Seed of David, the, Daniel, [61], [62];
R. Hanan, [70];
Salmon, [71];
R. Todros, [2];
R. Zakkai, [52].
Nathan, R., composer of the Aruch, [8].
Naupactus, see Lepanto.
Navarra, merchants from, [106].
Nebo, Mount, [37].
Nebuchadnezzar, palace of, [65].
Nehardea, [53], [69].
Nero, Emperor, palace of, at Rome, [9].
Nethanel, "the Prince of Princes," [98].
Nihawand, [76].
Nikpa, Sea of, [94].
Nile (Pison), river, [96], [102].
Nilometer, [99-101].
Nineveh, [52].
Noah's Ark, [52].
Nob, see Beit Nuba.
Normandy, merchants from, [106].
Norway, merchants from, [106].
Nur-ed-din, King of the Togarmim, [46], [49], [50], [52].

Obadiah, Synagogue of, [53].
--R., the Nasi, [82].
"Oeconomus Megalus," the, [20].
Oil, obtained from fish of the Nile, [100].
Oil-spring at Pozzuoli, [12].
"Old Man of the Hashishim," [76].
Olives, Mount of, [37].
Omar ben al Khataab, [36], [52].
Orion, star, [94].
Orontes, river, [26].
Otranto, [15].
Palace of: Ahab at Sebastiya, [32];
Ahasuerus at Shushan, [73];
Caliph of Bagdad, [54];
eighty emperors at Rome, [9];
Emir al Muminim at Mizraim, [98];
Julius Caesar at Rome, [8];
Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon, [65];
Nur-ed-din at Aleppo, [50];
Pharaoh's daughter at Baalbec, [48];
Pope at Rome, [8];
Salmon the Nasi at Tanai, [71];
Solomon at Jerusalem, [35];
Titus outside Rome, [9];
Vespasianus at Rome, [9];
King William at Palermo, [109].
Palermo, [108].
Palestine, merchants from, [2], [3].
Palmid, [43].
Papa, Rab, sepulchre of, [68].
Paris, [112].
Passover, Feast of the, [33].
Patras, [15].
Patriarch of Jerusalem, [38].
Patriarchs, tombs of the, at Hebron, [41].
Patzinakia, merchants from, [20], [106].
Pavilion of Daniel, Synagogue of the, [65].
Pearl-fishery, at Katifa, [89].
Pedigrees: of Daniel the son of Hisdai, [61];
R. Elazar the son of Zemach, [60];
Hanan the Nasi, [71];
R. Kalonymos the son of R. Todros, [2];
Salmon the Nasi, [71];
R. Samuel the son of Eli, [60].
Pepin, king, [9].
Pepper, grown at Khulam, [91].
Pera, [24].
Persia, [62];
merchants from, [20], [89];
princes of, [57].
--Shah of, exacts poll-tax from Jews of Amadia, [77];
extent of his dominions, [75];
his expedition against the Kofar-al-Turak, [84-7];
imprisoned David Alroy, [78], [79].
Pethor, see Balis.
Petralia, [109].
Petroleum, spring of, at Pozzuoli, [12].
Pharpar, river, [46], [47].
Physicians: R. Hananel, [13];
R. Judah, [4];
R. Solomon Hamitsri, [24];
R. Zedekiah, [48].
Pilgrims, to Bourg de St. Gilles, [5];
Jerusalem, [14], [31], [35], [108];
Mecca, [55].
"Pillar of Salt," [37].
Pisa, [7];
merchants from, [2], [106].
Pisans, at Montpellier, [3]; at Armylo, [18].
Pishon, river, see Nile.
Pithom, [97].
Plantations, see Gardens.
Poitiers, merchants from, [106].
Pool in Jerusalem, used for sacrifices, [36].
Pope of the Greeks, [20].
Pope of Rome, [8], [20], [54].
Posquières, [4].
Pozzuoli, [11].
Prague, [111].
Priests, Samaritan, [32].
Provence, [5];
merchants from, [106].
Psalms, inscribed in Synagogue of Exilarch, [64].
Pul, land of (Apulia), [13].
Pumbedita, see El-Anbar.

Quilon, see Khulam.