Mirabilia descripta: The wonders of the East

by active 1302-1330 Bishop of Columbum Catalani Jordanus

[190] Asiatic Turkey, of course, at this date.

[191] Or horsemen.

[192] The good friar was doubtless thinking of Exodus xxxv. 30-31.

[193] According to Beckman, the ancients were not acquainted with real alum. He says it was discovered by the orientals, who established works in the thirteenth century in Syria (apparently at Rukka or Rochha, east of Aleppo, whence the name of Roch-alum, still in use). The best now comes from the neighbourhood of Civita Vecchia. The method of manufacture in England and Scotland is to mix broken alum slate with fuel, and to set it on fire. When combustion is over the residual mixture is lixiviated with water; a solution of the earthy salt being obtained, potash salts are added, and crystals of alum are the result. (Penny Cyclop. and Macculloch’s Comm. Dict.)

[194] A curious instance of the persistence of legend in the face of Scripture. See John, xxi, 23.

[195] “Quia Turci non multum curant.” Some time ago a foreign ambassador at the Sublime Porte told the Grand Vizier that there were three enemies who would eventually destroy the Turkish empire, viz: Bakalum, (We shall see;) In-shäa-Alláh, (If it please God;) and Yarun sabáh (to-morrow morning). (B.)

For this and several other very apt notes which I have marked with the letter B, I have to thank Mr. Badger’s kindness.

INDEX TO THE MIRABILIA OF JORDANUS
AND THE COMMENTARY THEREON.

• Abgarus of Edessa, [5]
• Aboriginal races of India, [35]
• Abraham;
• Mussul. legend of, [xi];
• birthplace of, [9]
• Abu-Zaid-al-Hasan, see [Reinaud].
• Abyssinia, the Middle India of Polo, [11]
• See [Æthiopia].
• Adder, horned, [43]
• Æthiopia, [42], [43], [45];
• Population of, [54]
• Afghan manners, [10]
• Africa, South-Eastern (India Tertia), [41]
• Agmatæ of Ptolemy, [44]
• Ahar, city of Armenia, [9]
• Ainslie’s Materia Medica, [13]
• Aladdin, [42]
• Alcock’s Japan, [48]
• Alms of Great Khan, [48]
• Altai mountains, [48]
• Alum, manufacture of, [57]
• Amadou, [17]
• Ambergris, [43]
• Andaman islanders, [31], [44]
• Andra (Telingana), [39]
• Andreolo Cathani, [57]
• Angaman, [44]
• Aniba, Amba (the Mango), [14]
• Animals of India, [12], [18], [26], [35], [36], [38]
• ⸺ of India Tertia (S. E. Africa), [42], [43], [44]
• Anthropophagi, [31]
• Ants, Indian, of Herodotus, [29];
• white, [36]
• Arab sailors’ yarns, [xvii]
• Arabes, Voyages des, see [Reinaud].
• Arabia, the Greater, [45], [55]
• Aran, concerning, [50]
• Ararat, [3], [5]
• Araxes, [4], [5], [7]
• Archipelago, Indian, [30]
• ⸺ Crawfurd’s Dictionary of the, [27], [28], [31]
• Arguri (village on Ararat), [4]
• Ariana, [11]
• Ariena (Pliny’s name for jack-fruit), [13]
• Arimaspian, [42]
• Ark, legends of the, [3], [4]
• Armenia the Greater, [3 et seq.], [11], [53]
• Armenians, Schismatic, [5], [58];
• their sacrifices, [52]
• Artocarpus, see [Jack].
• Asher’s Benjamin of Tudela, [22]
• Asia Minor, [11], [53], [58]
• Asses;
• wild, [9];
• in India, [12]
• Athenæum referred to, [31]
• Átish-gáh of Baku, [50], [51]
• Atlas, of India, [xiii];
• Keith Johnstone’s, [xiv];
• Steiler’s, [6]
• Ava, Mission to, [39]
• Avdall’s Trans. of Chamich’s Hist. of Armenia, [5], [7]
• Azerbijan, [6]
• Baber, Erskine’s, [54]
• Babylon, deserted, [49];
• Sultan of (Egyptian), [46]
• Bacu (Baku), [50], [51], [53]
• Badakshan, [9]
• Badger, Rev. G. P., [v], [viii], [xi], [xviii], [58];
• his Nestorians, [51]
• Baldello Boni’s ed. of Polo, [xiii]
• Balkash, Lake, [47]
• Banyan trees, [17], [18], [19]
• Baptism of converts, [23], [24]
• Barahnakár, [44]
• Barbosa, Odoardo, [xiv], [xvi], [22], [33], [40]
• Barca and Papa (names of Jack-fruit), [13], [14]
• Barcarian mountains (Barchal Dagh), [6]
• Baroch, [vi]
• Barrington, Sir Jonah, [33]
• Bartholomew, Apostle, in Armenia, [4], [5]
• Batigala (Batcole), [40], [41]
• Battas, Battaks, their cannibalism, [31]
• Bats, [19], [29]
• Batu Khan, [54]
• Beasts, wild, see [Animals].
• Beckman’s Hist. of Inventions, [57]
• Bed-kisht (sp. of manna), [8]
• Belluri (sp. of palm), [17]
• Benares visited by Conti, [xiv];
• population of, [8]
• Benjamin of Tudela, [xv], [11], [22], [28]
• Bhagwán, [24]
• Biblioth. Hist. Vetus, [vii]
• Birala, see [Belluri].
• Bird, wailing, [37];
• devil, [ib.];
• like a kite, [36];
• enormous, [42]
• Birds of India, [19], [28]
• Bisnagur, king of, [40]
• Black Sea, [53]
• Blackness of Indians, [12], [25], [26];
• of Africans, [43]
• Blackwood’s Mag., [47]
• Bloqui, an Indian fruit (Jack), [13], [14]
• Boats stitched, [16], [53]
• Bodies kept long, [47]
• Boils, [14]
• Bokhara, [10]
• Bollandists, [vii]
• Borassus flabelliformis, [16]
• Botanic Garden, Calcutta, [18];
• Kandy, [20]
• Brahmans, [22]
• Brazil-wood, [xiii];
• history of the name, [27]
• Breadfruit, [13]
• Briggs’s Ferishta, [23]
• Buchanan, Dr. F., his Mysore, [17]
• Buddhist Triad, [25];
• rites, [46]
• Buds, Cassia, [28]
• Buffaloes, [49]
• Burial-place of St. John, [58]
• Burma, [39]
• Burnes, Sir Alex., quoted, [9], [10], [12]
• Burning;
• of the dead, [20], [47];
• of widows, [20]
• ⸺ mountains, [45]
• Cæsalpina, [27]
• Caga, a port of Persia, [v]
• Cai-Colam or Kain-Kulam, [xiv], [40]
• Cail, a city near C. Comorin, [xvi], [40]
• Calabria, [1], [2]
• Calcatix (crocodile), [19]
• Calcutta Botanic Garden, [18]
• Caldea, [11], [49], [43]
• Calicut, [xiv], [xv], [40]
• Cambay, [6]
• Cambodia, [xvi], [11], [33], [37], [38], [41]
• Camels, [12]
• Cananore, [xiv]
• Canara, [32], [40]
• Canella selvatica, [22]
• Cannibals, [31]
• Canopus, [34]
• Capac, [54]
• Cappadocia, [11], [53]
• Carbuncles and dragons, [42]
• Cardinal’s hats used by idol pontiffs, [46], [47]
• Carelessness, Turkish, [58]
• Carnatic, Mahom. conquest of, [23]
• Carobs, [21]
• Carpini quoted, [48]
• Caryota Urens, [17]
• Caspian Sea, [7];
• Hills, [6],
• (and tribes) [51], [52]
• Cassia Fistula, [21], [22]
• ⸺ Lignea, [22], [28]
• ⸺ Laurus, [28]
• ⸺ buds, [ib.]
• Cathay, [vi], [54]
• See [China] and [Tartar].
• Catholic rites, Pagan semblances of, [46], [47]
• Cats;
• winged, [29];
• civet, [43]
• Caucasus, [7];
• see also [Caspian].
• Cayda, [54]
• Cemetery of Great Khans, [48]
• Cerastes, [43]
• Ceratonia Siliqua, [21]
• Ceylon, [xii], [37];
• mentioned by Jordanus, [28], [30], [41]
• ⸺ Sir J. E. Tennent’s, [iii], [13], [30]
• ⸺ ⸺ ⸺ Natural History of, [20], [29], [36], [37], [43]
• Chaldees, Ur of the, [9]
• Chaldeia (Chaldæa), see [Caldea].
• Chamich’s History of Armenia, see [Avdall].
• Champa, see [Cambodia].
• Chaqui, a fruit of India (the Jack), [13]
• Character ascribed to the Hindus, [22]
• Chardin quoted, [viii], [5], [7]
• Chengiz Khan, [47], [54]
• China, ships of, [xiv], [xv], [54];
• cities of, [47];
• porcelain, [48]
• See also [Tartar] and [Cathay].
• China Illustrata, Kircher’s, [47]
• Chios, Island of, [56]
• Chopa, [41]
• Choral Service of Buddhists, [46]
• Christendom, advantages of, enumerated by Jord., [55]
• Christians;
• in India, [vi], [vii], [xi], [xii], [23], [55];
• in Persia, [viii], [8], [9];
• in Armenia, [5], [6];
• in Æthiopia, [46];
• selfstyled in Caspian Hills, [51]
• Christian mysteries, Pagan semblances of, [47]
• Christopherus A’Costa, [14]
• Chronicle ascribed to Jordanus, [ix]
• Chronology, Hindu Mythical, [25]
• Chulan, [xv]
• Churches;
• in India, [vii], [23];
• in Persia, [viii], [8], [9];
• in Armenia, [4], [5]
• ⸺ The, [vii], [58]
• Cilicia, [53]
• Cinnamon, [22], [27], [28]
• Circassians, [52]
• Cities of the Great Tartar, [47]
• Civet cat, [43]
• Clove trees, [31]
• Cobra, [19], [43]
• Cochin, [xiv], [35]
• Coco-nut-palm described, [15], [16]
• Cockatrice, [19]
• Coilpatam, [40]
• Coir, [16]
• Coilon, [xv], [xvi], see [Columbum] and [Quilon].
• Coincidences between mediæval travellers, [xvii]
• Colam, Coulam, see [Columbum].
• ⸺ meaning of, [xiii];
• sundry places named, [xiv]
• ⸺ Pandarani, [xiv], [40]
• Coloen, [xvi], see [Columbum].
• Columbo in Ceylon, [xii]
• Columbum, the see of Jordanus (Quilon), [v], [vi];
• the Christians of, [vii], [viii], [x];
• identification of, [xii-xvii];
• foundation of, [xiv], [29];
• king of, [39], [40]
• Comania, [54]
• Comari (Comorin), [xiii]
• Comorin, Cape, [xiii], [xvi], [33], [40]
• Conengue, [v]
• Constantine, [5]
• Constantinople, [53], [57]
• Conti, Nicolo de’, [xiv], [xv], [xvi], [25], [31];
• division of India according to, [11]
• Conversion;
• of Pagans and Saracens, [23], [24], [55];
• of schismatics, [5], [6], [8], [9], [55]
• Cooley, W. D., Trans. of Panot’s Ararat, [3]
• Coorg, Rajas of, [40]
• Coquebert-Montbret (French editor), [iii], [iv], [v], [vi], [vii], [viii], [xii], [xvii]
• Cordiner’s Ceylon, [13]
• Coromandel, [xiii]
• Corypha umbraculifera, [30]
• Cote-coulam, [xiv]
• Cows, see [Oxen].
• Crawfurd, John, Dictionary of the Indian Archipelago, [27], [28], [31]
• ⸺ Malay Dictionary, [22]
• Crimea, [54]
• Crocodile described, [19]
• Cross, Sheep sacrificed on a, [51]
• Crows, [19]
• Cubebs, [31]
• Curzon’s Armenia, [5]
• Cyncilim, [40]
• Cyrus (Kur) river, [7]
• Daghestan, [53]
• D’Anville, [vi], [xiii]
• Date-palms in India, [11]
• Daulutabad, [39]
• Daumghan, [v]
• D’Avezac, M., quoted, [v], [viii], [ix], [42], [47], [54]
• Day and Night, length of, [12], [34]
• Dead, disposal of, [20], [21], [47]
• ⸺ Sea in Armenia (Urumia), [6]
• Declinations, quaint estimate of, [34]
• Dekkan, Mahom. conquest of, [39]
• Delhi, [20]
• Demetrius, a Franciscan martyr in India, [xii]
• Demons in Chaldæa, [49]
• Deogiri, rajas of, [39]
• Der-bend, [53]
• Devil speaketh in India, [37];
• bird, [ib.]
• Dew absent, [8];
• heavy, [12]
• Diamonds, [20]
• Dictionary, Macculloch’s Commercial, [27], [44], [57];
• Crawfurd’s Malay, [22];
• Crawfurd’s, of the Indian Archipelago, [27], [28], [31];
• Smith’s, of the Bible, [4];
• Smith’s, of Greek and Roman Geography, [6];
• Richardson’s Persian, [17]
• Dioclesian’s Persecution, [5]
• Distances of eastern countries, [52]
• Dog-headed folk, [44]
• Dominicans, or Preaching Friars, [v], [vi], [x], [xii], [5], [6], [55]
• Dóms, Domra, a low caste, [21]
• Dragons, [5], [41]
• Dravidian races, [35]
• Dress of Hindus, [32]
• Drury, Capt. H., Useful Plants of India, [14], [15], [16], [17], [21], [22], [28]
• Dua, [54]
• Dubois, Abbé, quoted, [21], [35]
• Dumbri, see [Dóm].
• Dyo or Diu, [x]
• Earthquakes, in Greece, [2];
• at Ararat, [4]
• Eating, Asiatic habits of, [10]
• Echmiazin, [3], [5]
• Egripos, [2]
• Elchigaday, [54]
• El-Cathif, [xv]
• Electrum, [23]
• Elephant, not found in Lesser India, [12];
• described, [26];
• story of, [29];
• extensive use of in Champa, [37];
• their wars, [38];
• mode of capture, [38], [39];
• of Ceylon, [41];
• carried by the Roc, [42]
• El-Kât, Port of the P. Gulph, [v]
• Elphinstone’s Hist. of India, [22], [23]
• Embar (Ambergris), [43]
• Emperor, Persian (Tartar), [6];
• of Æthiopia, [42], [45], [46];
• of Cathay, [46], [47], [48];
• of Constantinople, [53]
• Empire, Persian (Tartar), [6], [52], [54];
• Great Tartar (Cathay), [46], [47], [48], [53];
• several Tartar, [54]
• Engano, legend of, [44]
• Ephesus, [58]
• Erivan, [7]
• Erskine’s Baber, [54]
• Euphrates, [v], [49]
• Euripus, flux and reflux, [2]
• Exodus quoted, [57]
• Facetiousness of M. Polo, exceptional, [46]
• Fandaraina, [40]
• Fans, [17]
• Faro of Messina, [1]
• Female line, inheritance in, [32]
• Ferrier’s travels, [9]
• Fertility of Lesser India, [12];
• of Turkey, [58]
• Fighting in India, [20]
• Fiji Islands, [32]
• Fire at Baku, [50], [51], [53]
• ⸺ worshippers, [21];
• castle of the, [51]
• Flandrina, [40]
• Flying foxes, [19]
• ⸺ squirrels, [29]
• Food of Lesser India, [12]
• Footsteps, mysterious, [37]
• Forest tribes, see [Wild].
• Forks, no new invention, [10]
• Forster’s, George, travels, [50]
• Fowls, Indian, [20]
• Foxes in India, [29];
• flying, [19]
• France, king of, might subdue the world, [56]
• Francis of Pisa, [vii]
• Franciscan or Minor friars, [v], [vi], [ix], [x], [5], [55]
• Friars, see [Franciscan] and [Dominican].
• Fruits of India, [13-17]
• Funeral rites, Tartar, [47], [48]
• Gabet, Père, [47]
• Gallus Sonneratii, [20]
• Galofaro (Charybdis), [2]
• Gatzaria, [54]
• Gedrosia, [11]
• Geographer in Ramusio, see [Sommario], [24]
• Gemma Marina, [43]
• Genoese, [vi], [56], [57]
• Georgiana, [52], [53]
• Georgian schismatics, [9]
• Ginger, [xv], [21], [27]
• Girasal and Chambasal, [13]
• God, the one recognized by Hindus, [24]
• Gog and Magog, wall of, [53]
• Gokchai, Lake, [7]
• Gold, in Persia, [9];
• in India, [23];
• Water making, [29];
• dust for money, [30]
• Golden mountains, [45], [46]
• ⸺ sands, [42]
• Golkonda, Kingdom of, [39]
• Gracia ab Horto, [14]
• Grapes, [4], [15]
• Greece, [2], [11], [55]
• Greeks, [9], [56], [58]
• Gregory, St., Ap. of Armenia, [5]
• Grueber, Father, [47]
• Grus Cinerea, [37]
• Gryphons, [42], [45]
• Guz (manna), [8]
• Hakluyt, [ix], [31], [33]
• Hamilton’s (W.) Desc. of Hindostan, [22], [40]
• Hardwicke, General, [29]
• Harrán or Haran, [50]
• Hauda, [26]
• Haxthausen’s Transcaucasia, [4], [50], [52]
• Heavenly bodies, [35]
• Hell, Babylon called, [49]
• Heraclius, [7]
• Heretics, [46]
• Herodotus, [xviii], [29], [31], [42]
• Hílí, a port of Malabar, [xv]
• Hindus;
• decent eating, [10];
• blackness, [12], [25], [26];
• high character of, [22];
• their toleration, [24];
• sacrifices, [24];
• idols, [ib.];
• reverence for oxen, [25];
• dress, [31];
• inheritance, [32];
• self-immolation, [32];
• wars, [20];
• at Baku, [50], [51]
• Hispaniola, [32]
• Honeyjack, [14]
• Horrebow’s Iceland, [50]
• Horses not used in Lesser India acc. to Jordanus, [12];
• sacrifice of, [47]
• Hortus Malabaricus, see [Rheede].
• Huc, Père, [46], [47]
• Hulaku, [vi], [6]
• Hunáwur, [40]
• Hunters, Negro, [43]
• Hurons, [32]
• Hushyárpúr, banyan at, [18]
• Hyemo, city of, [47]
• Iaca (jack-fruit), [13], [14]
• Ibn Batuta, travels of, [iii];
• mentions Columbo, [xii];
• Kaulam, [xv];
• coincidences with Jordanus, [xvii];
• his desc. of jack-fruit, [14];
• mango, [14];
• coco-palm, [15];
• pepper, [28];
• his name of Ceylon, [28];
• mentions great ruby, [30];
• his singular story of self-immolation, [33];
• his mention of Maabar, [39];
• of Hunáwur; of Fandaraina, [40];
• of the Roc, [42];
• of the Andaman stories, [44];
• of the Great Khan’s funeral rites, [47];
• of Chinese junks in India, [54]
• Ichthyophagi Troglodytes of Arabia, [45]
• Idols, Indian, [24], [32], [33];
• processions of, [33];
• sacrifices to, [24], [32];
• temples of, destroyed by Saracens, [23];
• temples of, in Tartary, [46]
• India, mediæval divisions of, [11]
• ⸺ the Lesser, [10];
• described, [11 and seq.], [53]
• ⸺ the Greater, [26 and seq.], [53]
• ⸺ First and Second, [11], [12]
• ⸺ Middle, [11]
• ⸺ Tertia, [11];
• described, [41 & seq.]
• ⸺ Ultra Gangem, [41]
• ⸺ wild races of, [35]
• ⸺ kings in, [39]
• ⸺ islands of, [28], [30], [31], [44], [53]
• ⸺ vessels of, [16], [53]
• India in the fifteenth century, Major’s, [xiv], [42]
• See also [Conti].
• India rubber trees, [20]
• Infernal, Tribes characterized as, [35]
• Inheritance, singular custom of, [32]
• Insects, [36]
• Iron in India, [23]
• Iron-gates, the, [53]
• Irrigation at Tabriz, [8]
• Isaiah’s prophecy of Babylon, [49]
• Islands of India, their number, [28], [53];
• Ceylon, [28], [30];
• island having marvellous water and tree, [29];
• of naked people, [30];
• of Java, [30], [41];
• of women only and men only, [44];
• of dog-headed folk, [44]
• Ivory, [38]
• Iymyl, a Tartar city, see [Hyemo].
• Jack-fruit, [13], [14]
• Jacobites, [9]
• Jacobus, Armenian martyr, [5]
• Jagatai Khan, [54]
• Jaggeri (palm-sugar), [16]
• James of Padua, a Franciscan martyr, [xi]
• Java (the Archipelago), its wonders, [30], [31], [33];
• kings in, [41], [55]
• Jews, black, [xv];
• in Persia, [9]
• John, St., legend of, [58]
• ⸺ Prester, [42], [45]
• ⸺ XXII, Pope, [vii], [x]
• ⸺ de Core, archbishop of Sultania, [vii]
• Jordanus, his birthplace, [iv];
• dates in his life, [v], [vii];
• letters, [v], [vi];
• first goes to India, [vi];
• named bishop of Columbum, [vii];
• time of writing this book, [viii];
• Chronicle ascribed to him, [ix];
• his Latinity, [xvii];
• his coincidences with other travellers, [xvii]
• Josephus, [4]
• Jude the Apostle, in Armenia, [4], [5]
• Jungle fowl, [20]
• Junks, Chinese, [xv], [55];
• origin of the name, [55]
• Kaidu Khan, [54]
• Kain-Kulam, [xiv], [40], [41]
• Kambalu, [46]
• Karrack, [v]
• Kars, [6]
• Kasias, [32]
• Kaulam, [xv], (see [Columbum]).
• Kayane, virgin martyr, [5]
• Keatinge, Col. R. H., [33]
• Kesmacoran of Polo, [11]
• Khan, Great, see [Tartar].
• Khârej or Khárg, see [Karrack].
• Khazaria, [54]
• Khor-virab, convent of, [5]
• Khounouk, [v]
• Khilji sovereigns of Delhi, [23]
• Kic (for Kīr, bitumen), [10]
• Killing Oxen capital, [25]
• Kine alone used in Lesser India, [12]
• Kings in India;
• their dress, [32];
• some of them detailed, [39]
• ⸺ 52 under Prester John, [45]
• ⸺ The Three, [53]
• King, Account of Cambodia by, [38]
• Kinneir, Macdonald, quoted, [7], [8], [50], [53]
• Kipchak, [54]
• Kirbah (Waterskin), [49]
• Kirby and Spence, quoted, [36]
• Kircher’s China Illustrata, [47]
• Kite, Rufous, [36]
• Kulang (sp. of crane), [37]
• Kulam. See [Columbum], etc.
• ⸺ Malé, [xiv]
• Lada, [22]
• Lake Urumia, [6]
• ⸺ Sevan, [7]
• Lakkadives, [28]
• Lamas, [47]
• Lambs, Nestorian Sacrifice of, [51]
• Lapis Lazuli, [9]
• Latinity of Jordanus, [xvii]
• Latter Days, Mahom. notions respecting, [23]
• Leake’s Travels in Greece, [2]
• Leaves;
• perennial, [18];
• gigantic, [29], [30]
• Le Blanc, Vincent, [40]
• Lee, Dr. S., [14]. See [Ibn Batuta].
• Lemons, sweet and sour, [15]
• Leopards, [18], [43]
• Liber de Ætatibus, [v]
• Liberality of Great Tartar, [46]
• Linga, Lingam, [40], [41]
• Lingáyet sect, [39], [40]
• Lingua, King of Mohebar and of Columbum, [39], [41]
• Linschoten’s Voyages, [13], [14], [21], [22], [28]
• Lions, [18], [43]
• Locusts, [20]
• Lodovicus Romanus, [14]
• Lord, Dr. P., quoted, [12]
• Lories, [29]
• Lucknow, population of, [8]
• Lycia, [53]
• Lynx, [18]
• Maabar, a region of the Coromandel coast, [xiii], [32], [39], [41]
• Maarazia, a city of India (Benares), [xiv]
• Macculloch’s Commercial Dictionary, [27], [44], [58]
• Mace, [31]
• Mackenzie Collections, [xiv]
• Madagascar, [32]
• Madras, population of referred to, [8]
• Magi, [53]
• Mahmúd of Ghazni, [23]
• Mahratta, [39], [41]
• Major’s India in the 15th century, [xiv], [42]
• See [Conti].
• Malabar;
• Ports of, [xiv-xvi];
• Chinese Trade with, [xv], [54];
• Kings in, [39];
• Mahom. Conquest of, [23]
• Malayalim names of Jack-fruit, [13], [14]
• Mandevill, Sir John, [xv];
• his lies, [40]
• Mangalore, [11], [40]
• Mango, [14]
• Manna, [8], [10]
• Manners;
• of Persians, [9], [10];
• of Hindus, [10], [12], [20], [22];
• of Tartar Empire, [47]
• Maragha, [vi]
• Marogo (Maragha), [v], [vi]
• Marsden’s Sumatra, [44]
• Martin Zachary, Captain, [56]
• Martyrdoms;
• of Missionaries, [vi], [ix], [xi], [56];
• Sundry in Armenia, [4], [5], [7]
• Mastick, [56]
• Masudi, [vi]
• Media, [53]
• Mediterranean, Adm. Smyth’s, [2]
• Mekrán, [11]
• Melibaria of Conti (Malabar), [xvi]
• Men only and women only, and Islands of, [44]
• Metals in India, [23]
• Mice, white, [31]
• Milburn’s Oriental Commerce, [xiii], [22]
• Milk, Coco-nut, [15]
• Milton quoted, [17], [42]
• Minor Friars. See [Franciscan].
• Missionaries Martyred. See [Martyrdoms].
• Missions, Views of Jordanus on Indian, [55], [56]
• ⸺ Papal, in Armenia, [5], [6]
• Mitford, [37]
• Mogan, Plain of, [6], [50], [53]
• Mohebar, [39], [41]
• See [Maabar].
• Molebar (Malabar), [40]
• Molephatam, [40], [41]
• Molepoor, [40], [41]
• Monarchies of South India, [39], [40], [41]
• Monasteries in Tartary, [46]
• Money, Paper, [46]
• Monsters at Babylon, [49]
• Monteith, General, quoted, [6]
• Mooloopetta, [40]
• Moorish Sea (Mediterranean), [53]
• Moors (for Mahomedans), [24], [40]
• Moosh, [8]
• Moslem Kings in India, [40]
• Mosques made out of Temples and Churches, [23]
• Mouat’s Andamans, Dr., [44]
• Mules not used in Lesser India, [12]
• Mul-Java, [33]
• Multán, [23]
• Muratori, [ix]
• Murray, Hugh, his Polo, [xiii], [xvi], [xviii]
• Murray’s Guide, The Medieval, [xvii]
• Musk, [47]
• Mus Malabaricus, [29]
• Mysore, Buchanan’s, [17]
• Nadir Shah, [7]
• Naft (Naphtha), [50]
• See also [10]
• Nairs of Malabar, their law of inheritance, [32], [40]
• Naked Tribes, [30], [43]
• Nakhcheván, [4], [6]
• Namadus, [vi]
• Nargil (Coco-nut), [15]
• Narsinga, King of, [40]
• Nascarini (Nazrání or Indian Christians), [vii]
• Natchez, [32]
• Naxuana of Ptolemy, [4]
• Negroes described, [43]
• Negropont, [2]
• Nerbudda, [vi], [33]
• Nestorians, [vi], [9], [51]
• ⸺ The, by the Rev. G. P. Badger, [51]
• Nicolaus Romanus, [vi]
• Niger, Tribes on, [32]
• Night and Day, variation of, [34]
• ⸺ Brightness and glory of, in India, [34]
• Noah, Armenian Traditions of, [3], [4]
• Nose, flat, a beauty among Mongols, [25]
• Nutmegs, [31]
• Nuts of India, [16]
• Odericus Raynaldus, [vii]
• Odoricus of Friuli, Traveller and Saint, [ix], [31], [33], [38], [40]
• Ogero the Dane, [40]
• Oil, Coco-nut, [15]
• Okkodai, Khan of the Tartars, [47]
• Onagri, [9]
• Orang-utang, [31]
• Oranges, [15]
• Ormi (Urumia), [5]
• Ormus, [x], [11]
• Ornas. See [Verna].
• Orogan (error for Mogan), [6]
• Osbet, [54]
• Ossetes, [51]
• Ounces, [18], [43]
• Oxen, Hindu reverence for, [25]
• Oxus, [10]
• ⸺ Wood’s, [11]
• Pagan Prophecies of Latin domination, [23]
• Pala, name of Jack-tree in Pliny, [13]
• Palmyra, [16]
• Paludanus, [13], [14]
• Pandarani, [xiv], [40]
• Paper Money in Tartary, [46]
• Paradise, Terrestrial, [42], [43]
• Parmeswar, [24]
• Paroco, a city of India (Baroch), [v], [vi]
• Parody of Catholic rites, [47]
• Parrot’s Ascent of Ararat, [3], [4]
• Parrots, [19], [29]
• Parsis described, [21]
• Peacocks, [20]
• Pearl Fishery, [28], [40], [41]
• Pegua (?), [10]
• Penny Cyclopædia, quoted, [2], [6], [8], [28], [29], [43], [44], [58]
• Pepper, [xiii];
• gardens, [xv];
• forest, [xv];
• described, [27]
• ⸺ Long, [27], [28];
• not indigenous in the I. Archipelago, [31]
• Persecution;
• of Dioclesian, [5];
• of preachers lay the Saracens, [x], [55], [56]
• Persia;
• Notices of, [7 et seq.], [52]
• See [Emperor] and [Empire].
• See also [Kinneir].
• Peter, a Franciscan Martyr, [xii]
• Pheasants, [20]
• Pitch, Mineral, [10]
• Pila, Tamul name of Jack-fruit, [13]
• Pirates in Malabar, [40]
• Planets as seen in India, [34]
• Pliny;
• western limit of India according to, [11];
• his account of Jack-fruit, [13];
• of the Banyan, [17];
• of Cassia, [22];
• of Pepper, [28]
• Podargus, [37]
• Pole-star, height of, [34]
• Poliars, a forest race, [35]
• Polo, Marco, [iii], [v], [viii];
• his Coilon, [xiii], [xv], [xvi];
• his coincidences with Jordanus, [xvii];
• his division of the Indies, [11];
• quoted with reference to birds and beasts of India, [19];
• big bats, [19];
• armament of Indian troops, [20];
• honesty of Brahmans, [22];
• horrid heat, [22];
• admiration of black skins, [25];
• Indian Islands, [28];
• Ceylon, [28];
• great ruby, [30];
• pygmies, [31];
• dress of Indian kings, [32];
• Maabar, [39];
• king of Cail, [40];
• Male and Female Islands, [44];
• Andamans, [44];
• bounty of the G. Khan, [46];
• Paper-money, [46];
• City of Kinsai, [47];
• burial of G. Khan, [48];
• fire of Baku, [51], [53];
• division of Tartar conquests, [54]
• ⸺ Murray’s edition of, [xiii], [xviii];
• Baldello Boni’s, [xiii]
• Polumbrum or Polembum, [xv]
• Pomegranates, [15]
• Population;
• of Tabriz, [7];
• fallacious estimates of, [8];
• of Eastern Countries, [11];
• of Cathay, [47], [54];
• of Æthiopia (?), [54]
• Porcelain, China, [48]
• Preachers wanted for India, [55]
• ⸺ Saracen, [55]
• Preaching among idolaters of India, [24]
• ⸺ Friars. See [Dominicans].
• Prester John, [42], [45]
• Priests, idolatrous, [24]
• Prophecies of Latin domination, [23]
• Ptolemy;
• his Supara, [vi];
• stories received from Arab Sailors, [xviii];
• his Naxuana, [4];
• his Agmatæ, [44]
• Pudefitania of Conti (Pudipatanam), [xiv]
• Pulney Hills, [35]
• Quails, [19], [20]
• Quétif and Echard, [v]
• Quilacare (Coilacaud) King of, [33]
• Quilon, the Columbum of Jordanus, [vi], [xii-xvii], [34], [39], [41]
• (See [Columbum], [Coulam], etc.)
• Races, wild, [35]
• Rain, absence of, [8];
• scarcity of, [12]
• Rainy season, [12]
• Rajmahl Forests, [18]
• Rakshasas, [35]
• Ramusio, [xiv], [xvi], [11], [24], [40]
• Rats, gigantic, [29]
• Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires, [i, iii], [iv], [ix], [3], [42], [47], [48], [54]
• Reg-rawán, [11]
• Reinaud—Relation des Voyages faits par les Arabes, etc., [vi], [xiv], [33]
• Renaudot, [xiv]
• Rennel, [xiii]
• Reptiles, [18], [19]
• Resemblances to R. Cath. rites, [24], [33], [46]
• Rheede’s Hortus Malabaricus, [13], [14], [17]
• Rhinoceros, [18]
• Rhipsime, Virgin Martyr, [5]
• Rhubarb, [47]
• Richardson’s Persian Diction., [17]
• Rice, [12]
• Rivers of Paradise, [42], [43]
• Roc, The, [42]
• Roch-Alum, [58]
• Roxburgh, quoted, [17]
• Rubies, great, [30]
• Rubruquis, William, [3], [25], [46]
• Rukka, [58]
• Russia, [54]
• Sacrifices;
• Idol, in India, [24];
• in Tartary, [46];
• of sheep on a cross, [51];
• suicidal, [32]
• Samarkand, [viii]
• Samosata, [viii]
• Samudra Raja, [40]
• Sandhills, Flowing, [10]
• Sap of trees for liquor, [15], [16]
• Sappan-wood, [27]
• Saracens;
• i.e., Mahomedans, [x], [9], [23], [41], [58];
• their preachers and persecution of Christians, [55];
• ravage India, [23]
• Saracenized Tartars, [9]
• Sati, [20]
• Sava, [53]
• Scala, [5]
• Schismatic Christians, [vii], [5], [6], [8], [9], [55], [58]
• Scotch lady’s musquito, [29]
• Scott, Walter, [50]
• Scott-Waring, [10]
• Seamanship, eastern and western, [55]
• Sebast, Sebasteia, [6]
• Sefara, see [Supera].
• Self-immolation, stories of, [33]
• Semiscat, a see under Sultania, [vii]
• Semur (?), a city of Armenia, [7]
• Serpents;
• in India, [18], [35];
• two-, three-, and five-headed, [19];
• in Armenia, [4], [5], [7];
• horned, and with gems, [43];
• vast, in Æthiopia, [45];
• in Chaldæa, [49]
• Sevan, Lake, [7]
• Séverac, birthplace of Jordanus, [iv]
• Shaki and Barki—Arabic names for Jack-fruit, [14]
• Shadows, direction of, [34]
• Sheep sacrificed on cross, [51]
• Siagois (Siya-gosh, the lynx), [18]
• Sicily, whirlpools, etc., [1]
• Silk in Persia, [9]
• Silem, see [Sylen] and [Ceylon].
• Simon, Apostle, in Armenia, [4], [5]
• Sindbad the sailor, [31], [42]
• Sindh, [11], [12];
• Reports on, [12]
• Singuyli, King of, [40], [41]
• Sister’s son inherits, [32]
• Sivas, [6]
• Slaves, funeral sacrifice of, [47]
• Smith and Dwight, Researches in Armenia, [3], [4], [5], [6]
• Smith’s Dict. of the Bible, [4]
• ⸺ Dict. of Greek and Roman geography, [6]
• Smyth, Admiral, the Mediterranean, [1], [2]
• Soldan of Babylon (in Egypt), [46]
• Soldiers in India, [20]
• Sommario dei Regni, etc., in Ramusio, [xiv], [xv], [24], [40]
• Sparrows, [19]
• Sperm-whale, [44]
• Spices, [23], [27], [30], [31]
• Spiders, Wasps that kill, [35]
• Springs, miraculous, [4];
• of pitch, [10]
• Squirrels, flying, [29]
• Stanley, Dr. Arthur P., quoted, [51]
• Stewart, Lt.-Col. Patrick, R.E., [50]
• Steiler’s Hand Atlas, [6]
• Stitched Vessels, [53]
• Stones, Pretious, [20];
• in Ceylon, [30], [41];
• in serpents, [43];
• in the heads of dragons, [42];
• in Æthiopia, [45]
• Sugar, Palm, [16], [17]
• Sultania, [viii], [9]
• Sugar-cane, [21]
• Sumatra, [30], [31], [32], [44], [55]
• Supera, a port of India supposed near Surat, [v], [vi]
• Surat, [vi]
• Surplice, [24]
• Sylen (Ceylon), or Silem, [28], [30], [41] (see [Ceylon]).
• Sylvester, St., [5]
• Tabriz, [v], [vi], [viii], [6], [7], [8], [9]
• Talipat-tree, [30]
• Tamarinds, and meaning of the word, [21]
• Tamerlane, [viii]
• Tamul words, [xiii], [13], [19]
• Tamils in Ceylon, [43]
• Tana, an Indian port near Bombay, [vi], [vii], [ix]
• Tana, Tanan (Tanais), an ancient factory on the Sea of Azoph, [viii], [53]
• Tapti river, [vi]
• Tárí, Tádí, [16]
• Tartar, The Great, [46], [47], [48], [54]
• Tartars;
• in Armenia, [7], [24];
• different empires of, [54]
• Tartary, [10], [46], [53]
• Tauris (see [Tabriz]).
• Telenc (Telingana), an Indian kingdom, [39], [41]
• Teloogoo, [29]
• Tennent, Sir J. E., see [Ceylon].
• Terrors of Babylon, [49]
• Thaddeus, the Apostle, [5]
• Thaurisium, [6] (see [Tabriz]).
• Thebes (Greece), [2]
• Theistic feeling among Hindus, [24]
• Thibet, [47]
• Thomas the Apostle, Saint, [x], [5], [23]
• ⸺ a Franciscan martyr, [xi]
• Thucydides, [2]
• Tigris, [49]
• Tipura, [32]
• Tiridates, K. of Armenia, [5]
• Toddy, process of drawing, [16], [17]
• Tokat, [6]
• Tongan (Daumghan), [v]
• Tortoise, monster, [49]
• Toulouse, [47]
• Transoxiana, [54]
• Travancore, people of, [22]
• Treasure of the sea, [43]
• Trebizond, [6], [53]
• Triad, the Buddhist, [25]
• Trinity, alleged belief in the Holy, in India, [24];
• in Ava, [25]
• Troglodytes Ichthyophagi, [45]
• Tsjaka (Malayalim name of Jack-fruit), [13]
• Turks, [56], [57], [58];
• for Mahomedans, [24];
• their pococurantism, [58]
• Turkish Saracens, [23]
• Turkey (in Asia), [57]
• Tuticorin, [40]
• Two-headed monsters, [49];
• also see [serpents].
• Ultramarine, [9]
• Unicorn, [18], [42]
• Upas tree, [31]
• Ur of the Chaldees, [9]
• Ural River, [54]
• Urfa, [9]
• Urumia, Lake, [6];
• city, [5]
• Uzbeg, [54]
• Variation of day and night in India, [12], [34]
• Vasco de Gama, [27]
• Venice, merchants of, in Malabar, [xv]
• Venus seen in broad day, [34]
• Verna, an Eastern see, [viii]
• Vessels of India, [16], [53];
• of Cathay, [xv], [54]
• Vincent’s Periplus of the Erythræan Sea, [vi]
• Vines;
• of Noah, [4];
• in India, [15]
• Virgin martyrs, [5]
• ⸺ only can take a unicorn, [43]
• Viverra Civetta, [43]
• Vows of self-immolation, [32]
• Wadding, Annales Minorum, [v]
• Walckenaer, Baron, [iv]
• War, elephants used in, [26]
• ⸺ of elephants among themselves, [38]
• Warangól, [39]
• Wasps, remarkable, [35]
• Water, marvellous, [29]
• Wellsted’s Travels in Arabia, [45]
• Wheat in India, [12]
• Widow-burning, [20]
• Wild;
• tribes in India, [35];
• men, [43]
• Willows exuding manna, [8]
• Wilson, H. H., quoted, [xiv]
• Wine;
• not made in India, [15];
• substitutes for, [15], [16]
• Wood’s Oxus, quoted, [11]
• World’s duration according to Hindus, [25]
• Yadu family, [39]
• Yemi-li (see [Hyemo]).
• Yezidís, [51]
• Zachary, an Armen. Archbishop, [5]
• ⸺ a Genoese Captain, [56]
• Zamorin of Calicut, [40]
• Zebra, [44]
• Zoroaster, [6]