[466] This custom has been abandoned except by the Hopi maidens, who still wear their hair in picturesque whorls, one on each side of the head, until married.
[467] See p. 308, note 3. This entire description is characteristic of the present Zuñi country, except that game is not so abundant.
[468] Piñon nuts, which are still gathered in large quantities.
[469] The kivas, or ceremonial chambers, of which there are usually several in each pueblo. It is in these that most of the secret rites are performed.
[470] Pápa is a true Zuñi word, signifying "elder brother," as distinguished from sú-e, "younger brother." These terms allude both to age and to rank.
[471] All public announcements are still made in this way.
[472] Rather to the religious societies. Some of them belong exclusively to the women.
[473] Excavations made at Halona, one of the Seven Cities of Cibola, yielded only skeletons that had been interred within the houses, beneath the floors. In the Salt River and Gila valleys, southern Arizona, this method was also practised, but in addition remains were cremated and deposited in earthen vessels in mounds near by.
[474] See p. 307, note 1; p. 358, note 3.
[475] This would indicate a population of 10,500 to 14,000, which is doubtless an excessive estimate for the sixteenth century. The present population of Zuñi is 1514; of the Hopi villages, about 2000.