[486] This is Pecos, the largest pueblo of New Mexico in the sixteenth century and for a long time after. Its people belonged to the Tanoan family, although their language was understood only by the Jemez villagers, their nearest kindred. It was the scene of the missionary labors of Fray Luis Descalona, who remained behind when Coronado returned to Mexico in 1542, but he was probably killed before the close of that year. Pecos became the seat of an important Franciscan mission early in the seventeenth century, but it began to decline after the revolt of 1680-1692, and in 1838 the half-dozen survivors removed to Jemez, where one of them still (1906) lives. Cicuye is the Isleta, or Tigua, name for Pecos, while "Pecos" itself is the Keresan, or Queres, appellation, with the Spanish-English plural. The ruins of the town are plainly visible from the Santa Fé Railway. See Bandelier in Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America, Amer. ser., I. (1881); Hewett in American Anthropologist, n. s., VI. No. 4, 1904.
[487] The spring was "still trickling out beneath a massive ledge of rocks on the west sill" when Bandelier (op. cit.) sketched it in 1880.
[488] The former Tanos pueblo of Galisteo, a mile and a half northeast of the present town of the same name.
[489] According to Mota Padilla, Historia de la Conquista, 1742 (Mexico, 1870), this was called Coquite.
[490] These Indians were seen by Coronado during his journey across the plains. See p. 333, note 3.
[491] The name applied in Mexico at the time to any warlike, unsubdued tribe.
[492] The mountains to the north, in which the Rio Pecos has its source.
[493] The Rio Pecos, still noted for trout.
[494] Only the pueblos of Acoma and Isleta occupy their sixteenth-century sites, all the other villages having shifted their locations after the great revolt of 1680-1692, when the Spaniards granted specific tracts of land, usually a league square, later confirmed to the Indians by Congress under the provisions of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
[495] Zuñi, including the pueblos of Halona, Matsaki, Kiakima, Hawiku, Kyanawe, and two others which have not been identified with certainty.