[526] Castañeda is sometimes confused in his directions. In this instance unless "west" (poniente) is a slip of the pen, he evidently forgot that the army travelled for weeks to the north, "by the needle," after journeying for some distance toward sunrise from the ravines of western Texas.
[527] This flora is characteristic of the upper plains generally, and the passage has been quoted by students of the route to show that Quivira lay both in Kansas and in Nebraska.
[528] Note the character of the houses as one of the chief means of determining the inhabitants of Quivira. See p. 337, note 1.
[529] The Jaramillo narrative says Capottan or Capotean.
[530] Possibly the Kaw or Kansa Indians. See Pt. 3, chap. 4.
[531] Compare Herrera, Historia General, dec. vi., lib. ix., cap. xii., Vol. III., p. 207 (ed. 1730); Gomara, Historia General, cap. CCXIIII. (1553); Mota Padilla, Historia de la Conquista, 1742, p. 167 (1870); and specially Bandelier in American Catholic Quarterly Review, XV. 551-565 (Philadelphia, July, 1890).
[532] The Missouri-Mississippi.
[533] The Harahey of Jaramillo's account—evidently the Pawnee country, about the Platte River, Nebraska. The "Relacion del Suceso," Fourteenth Report of the Bureau of Ethnology (Washington, 1896), spells it Harale.
[534] The North and the South seas are the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans respectively.
[535] See Cabeza de Vaca's narrative in the present volume.