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INDEX. Aiguillon, Duchess d’, her resentment against Condé for forcing her young nephew Richelieu into a clandestine marriage, i. [174] . Ancre, Marshal d’, assassinated, i. [17] . Anet, Château d’, a haunt of conspirators against Mazarin, i. [105] . Anne of Austria, Queen of Louis XIII. of France, her reception of Mad. de Chevreuse on her return from exile, i. [39] ;her dread of adventures and enterprises, [39] ; Mazarin’s entire ascendancy over her, [47] ; hesitates to take a decided attitude between Mazarin and his enemies, [65] ; evidence of her love for Mazarin, [100] ; her Regency opens under most brilliant auspices, [101] ; the conspiracy to take Mazarin’s life determines her to adopt his policy, [102] ; orders the arrest of Beaufort, [104] ; her lively displeasure at the duel between Guise and Coligny, [116] ; her jealous feeling against Madame de Longueville, [122] ; retires before the Fronde to St. Germain, [155] ; her endeavour to mortify the ladies of the Fronde by giving a day-light ball, [170] ; her delight at seeing Condé and the Frondeurs at daggers drawn, [174] ; secretly confers with De Retz relative to the arrest of Condé, Conti and Longueville; gives the fatal order for that coup d’état ,[176] ; orders the arrest of the Duchesses de Longueville and de Bouillon, [178] ; quits Paris for Rouen to confront Madame de Longueville, [180] ; the affirmation of the Duchess d’Orleans that the Queen had secretly married Mazarin, [201] ; evidence of such marriage, [202] ; finds herself in some sort a prisoner on the proscription of Mazarin, [216] ; seriously prepares to make head against Condé, [257] ; her fervour, constancy, and marvellous skill manifested towards weakening Condé, [258] ; the great danger of herself, the King, and Mazarin at Gien, [287] . Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess de Longueville, her birth and parentage, i. [1] ;her desire for conventual seclusion, [5] ; her great personal beauty, [7] ; her character, [10] ; suitors for her hand, [12] ; married to the Duke de Longueville, [13] ; her conduct towards a crowd of adorers, [14] ; has a formidable enemy in the Duchess of Montbazon, [66] ; the quarrel between the rival Duchesses in the affair of the dropped letter, [71] ; public apology made her by Madame de Montbazon, [74] ; unoccupied with politics at this juncture, [79] ; error of the Importants in not conciliating her, [79] ; scandalised by Coligny’s championship of her in the duel with Guise, [117] ; said to have witnessed the duel from behind a window-curtain, [118] ; verses on the occasion, [118] ; Miossens (afterwards Marshal d’Albret) tries in vain to win her heart, [121] ; her two individualities of opposite natures, [122] ; her defective education, [122] ; character of her epistolary style, [123] ; the different kind of education given by Ménage to Madame de Sevigné and Madame de la Fayette, [124] ; the conquest of her heart and mind by La Rochefoucauld, [125] ; résumé of her life (up to 1648), 131;queen of the Congress of Munster, [133] ; acquires a taste for political discussions and speculations, [134] ; Madame de Motteville’s portrait of her at this period (1647), [135] ; she sacrifices everything for La Rochefoucauld, [140] ; exercises a somewhat ridiculous empire over her brother Conti, [142] ; fatal influence of her passion for La Rochefoucauld, [149] ; throws herself into the first Fronde, [149] ; ultimately involves in it every member of her family, [150] ; arrayed against her brother Condé in civil war, [154] ; she shares all the fatigues of the siege of Paris, [157] ; her energy and intrepidity, [158] ; is given up as a hostage to the Parliament by her husband, [159] ; gives birth to Charles de Paris, the Child of the Fronde , in the Hotel de Ville, [159] ; is reconciled to Condé, resumes her ascendancy over him, and detaches him from Mazarin, [162] ; her embarrassment on reappearing at Court, [163] ; the perilous path she is led into by her infatuation for La Rochefoucauld, [166] ; undertakes to mislead Condé and give him over to Spain, [167] ; the Queen orders her to be arrested; she escapes to Normandy with La Rochefoucauld, [179] ; her adventures in Normandy. She raises the standard of revolt at Dieppe, [180] ; pursued by the Queen, she assumes male attire and reaches Rotterdam and Stenay, [181] ; becomes the motive power of “the Women’s War ” or Second Fronde, [182] ; the message from her dying mother, [183] ; her gracious reception by their Majesties on her return from Stenay, [222] ; the most brilliant period of her career, [223] ; the idol of Spain, the terror of the Court, and one of the grandeurs of her family, [223] ; her motives for opposing the marriage of her brother with Mademoiselle de Chevreuse, [228] ; urges Condé to cut the knot, and make war upon the Crown, [246] ; her conduct, feelings and motives examined at this juncture, [247] ; was she the cause of the rupture of Conti’s projected marriage, [248] ; peremptorily commanded to join her husband in Normandy, [253] ; she perceives a change in La Rochefoucauld’s feelings, [254] ; follows the Princess de Condé into Berri, [254] ; the Duke de Nemours pays court to her, [262] ; certain obscure relations between them drives La Rochefoucauld to a violent rupture, [264] ; a rivalry of beauty leads her to humiliate Madame de Châtillon, [265] ; how Madame de Longueville fell into “the scandalous chronicle,” [266] ; her grave cause of complaint against La Rochefoucauld, [266] ; Madame de Châtillon attempts to ruin her in Condé’s estimation, [296] ; her fatal policy in the Fronde arrests the national greatness for ten years, and nearly ruins the House of Condé, [296] ; the disgraceful conspiracy formed against her, [298] . Aristocracy in France, its constitution in the reign of Louis XIV., i. [217] . Beaufort, Francis de Vendôme, Duke de (called the “King of the Markets”), a suitor for the hand of Anne de Bourbon, [12] ;a leader of the Importants , [15] ; a rival of Mazarin in the Queen’s good graces, [52] ; his character as sketched by La Rochefoucauld, [52] ; becomes the led-captain of Madame de Montbazon, and the bitterest enemy of Mazarin, [53] ; his spite against Madame de Longueville, [71] ; his conduct in the affair of the dropped letters, [73] ; insinuates that they were from Coligny, [71] ; irritated at the banishment of Madame de Montbazon, he enters into a plot against Mazarin, [76] ; the ungovernable impetuosity of his vengeance against Madame de Longueville strongly stigmatised, [80] ; prepares an ambuscade to slay Mazarin, [95] ; the plot fails, [99] ; is arrested and imprisoned at Vincennes, [105] ; released by the Fronde and becomes master of Paris, [154] ; Madame de Montbazon exercises plenary power over him, [208] ; becomes one of the most conspicuous leaders of the Fronde, [215] . his denunciation of the evils of Richelieu’s inordinate authority, [91] . Beaupuis, Count de, detected plotting against Mazarin, escapes to Rome, [86] ; Beauty in Woman, true definition of, [8] .one of the party of the Malcontents , [109] ; joins Condé at Saint-Maur, [245] . Bouillon, de la Tour d’Auvergne, Duke de, conspires against Richelieu, [25] ;quite as ardent in politics as Madame de Longueville, [206] ; arrested by the Queen’s order at her daughter’s bedside, and thrown into the Bastille, [206] . Bouillon, Duchess de, given up as a hostage to the Fronde, [159] ; Bridieu, Marquis de, acts as second to Guise in duel with Coligny, [113] . Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, his political correspondence with Madame de Chevreuse, [19] . Burnet, Bishop, his assertion of Condé’s offer to Cromwell to turn Protestant, [280] . Bussy-Rabutin, Count de, value of his satire of Madame de Longueville, [265] . Campion, Alexandre de, his mission to Madame de Chevreuse, [28] ;his censure of Madame de Montbazon’s conduct, [80] . Campion, Henri de, attributes the conception of the plot to destroy Mazarin to Madame de Chevreuse in concert with Madame de Montbazon, [89] ;he stipulates with Beaufort that he should not strike Mazarin, [92] ; sought for by Mazarin, he takes refuge at Anet, and afterwards at Rome, [97] . Cantecroix, Beatrice de Cusance, Princess de, Charles, Duke de Lorraine madly enamoured of, [147] . Caumartin, Madame de, a portrait of Madame de Chevreuse sketched by De Retz to please the malignant curiosity of, [21] . Châteauneuf, Charles de l’Aubépine, Marquis de, released from an imprisonment of ten years, [34] ;why detested by the Princess de Condé, [40] ; restored to office through Madame de Chevreuse, [57] ; banished to Touraine, [106] ; bides his time for displacing Mazarin, and holds the seals on the Cardinal going into exile, [107] ; deprived of them by the Queen, [230] ; restored to office to serve Mazarin in secret, [257] ; nobly inaugurates his ministry by marching with the Queen and young King into Berri, [263] ; Mazarin learns with inquietude his ever-increasing success, [278] ; again displaced by Mazarin, [279] . Châtillon, Isabelle Angelique de Montmorency, Duchess de (sister of the illustrious Marshal de Luxembourg), the Great Condé’s passion for her, [259] ;she urges Condé to an understanding with the Court, [259] ; manages her lofty lover with infinite tact, [259] ; is deeply enamoured of the young Duke de Nemours, [259] ; invested with full powers as an ambassadress by Condé, [291] ; her desire to triumph over Condé’s heart, [291] ; her antecedents and character, [292] ; the important consequences of her liaison with Condé, [292] ; a portrait of her at twenty-five described, [293] ; causes of her quarrel with Madame de Longueville, [294] ; she exacts from Nemours the public and outrageous sacrifice of her rival, [296] ; attempts to ruin Madame de Longueville in Condé’s estimation, [296] ; her embarrassment between an imperious Prince and a jealous lover, [298] . Chavigny, Count de, his career, [231] . Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan, Duchess de, her illustrious lineage, [17] ;marries, first, Charles de Luynes, and afterwards Claude de Chevreuse, [17] ; as great favourite of Anne of Austria her extensive influence over the politics of Europe, [18] ; her personal characteristics, [18] ; summary of her character by Cardinal de Retz, [19] ; cause of her failure as a great politician, [20] ; her adventures in exile, [22] ; her great ascendancy over the cabinet of Madrid, [22] ; seeks refuge in England, [22] ; Richelieu’s designs to effect her destruction, [23] ; acts as the connecting link between England, Spain and Lorraine during the Civil War in England, [24] ; negotiates with Olivarez for the destruction of Richelieu, [26] ; was she a stranger to the conspiracy of 1642? [26] ; abandoned by the Queen on its discovery, [30] ; her frightful position, [31] ; her perpetual exile decreed by the will of Louis XIII., [32] ; is dreaded by Mazarin, [33] ; her triumphant return to Court, [34] ; her position and political influence, [36] ; the new relations between her and the Queen, [39] ; she attacks Richelieu’s system as adopted by Mazarin, [48] ; procures the return of Châteauneuf to office, [49] ; pleads for the Vendôme princes, [50] ; manœuvres to secure the governorship of Havre for La Rochefoucauld, [53] ; the skill, sagacity, and address of her counter-intrigues, [55] ; tries the power of her charms on Mazarin, [55] ; devotes her whole existence to political intrigue and conspiracy, [56] ; want of precaution in her attacks upon Mazarin, [58] ; her curious struggle for supremacy with the Prime Minister, [58] ; the head and mainspring of the Importants , [58] ; her tactics to displace Mazarin in favour of Châteauneuf, [59] ; she organises a coup-de-main to destroy Mazarin, [62] ; arranges with the Cardinal the composition of Madame de Montbazon’s apology, [74] ; her politic purpose of a fête to the Queen foiled by the insane pride of Madame de Montbazon, [76] ; her efforts to deprive Mazarin of supporters, [80] ; her share in Beaufort’s plot, [82] ; Madame de Montbazon only an instrument in her hands, [89] ; her behaviour on the failure of the plot, [106] ; recommended by the Queen to withdraw from Court, [107] ; carries on a vast correspondence under the mantle of the English embassy with Lord Goring, Croft, Vendôme, and Bouillon, and the rest of the Malcontents , [109] ; her irritation at being prohibited from visiting the Queen of England, [143] ; Mazarin watches her every movement, [144] ; ordered to retire to Angoulême, she goes for a third time into exile, [144] ; her bark is captured by the English Parliamentarians and she is carried into the Isle of Wight, [146] ; Mazarin has Montresor arrested in hopes of possessing himself of her costly jewels, [146] ; applies herself to maintain an alliance between Spain, Austria and Lorraine—the last basis of her own political reputation, [147] ; preserves her sway over the Duke de Lorraine, [148] ; frustrates Mazarin’s projects to win over the Duke, [148] ; becomes once more the soul of every intrigue planned against the government, [148] ; constitutes herself the mediatress between the Queen and the Frondeurs, [206] ; partially restored to the Queen’s confidence, [210] ; assisted in her political intrigues by the Marquis de Laigues, [210] ; a splendid supper given to her by Madame de Sevigné, [211] ; forms a plan with the Princess Palatine of a grand aristocratic league against Mazarin, [224] ; the Fronde in 1651 was Madame de Chevreuse, [225] ; she procures Condé’s release from prison, [225] ; her resentment at the rupture of her daughter’s marriage, [232] ; she raises the entire Fronde against Condé, [242] ; opposes the schemes to assassinate Condé, [243] ; Châteauneuf, her friend and instrument, is made Prime Minister, [257] ; remains staunch to the Queen and Mazarin through the last Fronde, [280] . Chevreuse, Charlotte Marie de Lorraine, Mademoiselle de, her projected marriage with the Prince de Conti, [224] ;supreme importance of such marriage, [225] ; disastrous results of its rupture, [232] ; impetuously proposes to turn the key upon Condé, Conti and Beaufort at the Palais d’Orleans, [233] ; her suspected and almost public liaison with De Retz, [249] ; dies suddenly of a fever, unmarried, [224] . Cinq Mars, Henri de, undermines Richelieu with Louis XIII., [25] ; Coligny, Count Maurice de (grandson of the famous Admiral de Coligny), an adorer of Madame de Longueville, [14] ;the dropped letters falsely attributed to him, [71] ; as champion of Madame de Longueville, he challenges the Duke de Guise, [113] ; fatal result of the duel, [117] ; dies of his wounds and of despair, [117] ; scandalous verses on the occasion, [118] . Coetquen, Marquis de, hospitably receives Madame de Chevreuse when exiled, [146] . Condé, Louis de Bourbon, Prince de, arbiter of the political situation after Rocroy, [80] ;his furious anger at Madame de Montbazon’s insult to his sister, [111] ; hailed by the Queen as the liberator of France, [111] ; receives into his house Coligny wounded in duel with Guise, [116] ; the state in which he found Paris after his victory of Lens: he offers his sword to the Queen, [154] ; applies himself to giving the new Importants a harsh lesson, [155] ; marches upon Paris and places it under siege, [156] ; the climax of his fame and fortune as defender and saviour of the throne, [164] ; he tyrannises over the Court and government, [168] ; he insults Mazarin and embarrasses the Queen, [169] ; his want of capacity for business, [172] ; his train of petits-maîtres , [172] ; on the murder of one of his servants he tries to crush the Fronde leaders, [173] ; forces the young Duke de Richelieu to marry clandestinely Mademoiselle de Pons, [174] ; wounds the Queen’s pride by compelling her to receive Jarzé whom she had banished for fatuously believing that she had loved him, [175] ; arrested on the authority of his own signature and imprisoned at Vincennes, [177] ; what constituted the strength of the Princes’ party in the Second Fronde, [188] ; the majority of the women who meddled with politics were, through sympathy, of his party, [203] ; his aged mother supplicates in vain for his release, and returns home to die, [204] ; his liberation effected by no other power than that of female influence, [206] ; he treats Mazarin with contempt at Havre, and on his release becomes master of the situation, [215] ; is courted by both the Fronde and Queen’s party, [215] ; eight hundred princes and nobles partisans of Condé, [217] ; his sole error not having a fixed and unalterable object, [230] ; applies himself to form a new Fronde, [234] ; resumes the imperious tone which had previously embroiled him with the Queen and Mazarin, [237] ; Hocquincourt proposes to assassinate Condé, [243] ; he retreats to St. Maur and holds a Court there, [245] ; reappears in Parliament, [245] ; Châteauneuf and Mazarin labour to destroy him, [257] ; he narrowly escapes an ambuscade at Pontoise, [258] ; motives which rendered him averse to civil war, [259] ; his final determination to unsheath the sword, [260] ; raises the standard of revolt in Guienne, [262] ; his adventurous expedition, [275] ; to what did Condé aspire? [277] ; his inconstancy—offers himself to Cromwell and to become Protestant to have an English army, [278] -[280] ; the income and possessions of his family, [278] ; he escapes for the tenth time being taken and slain, [282] ; takes command of the Fronde forces and throws himself upon the royal army, [283] ; routs Hocquincourt and attacks Turenne unsuccessfully, [285] ; unjust accusation of Napoleon I. that Condé wanted boldness at Bleneau, [286] ; he leaves the army and hastens to Paris, [287] ; in abandoning the Loire he commits an immense and irreparable error, [289] ; invests Madame de Châtillon with full powers as an ambassadress, [291] ; imbued by her with a design for peace by means the most agreeable, [291] ; a graceful memento of her power over him still existing in the ancient Château of the Colignys, [293] ; Madame de Châtillon and Madame de Longueville dispute for Condé’s heart, [294] ; the overthrow of Mazarin a necessary condition of the domination of Condé, [296] ; is advised by his sister to rely upon his sword alone, [297] . Condé, Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, Princess de Bourbon (mother of the Great Condé and Madame de Longueville), her influence with Anne of Austria, [39] ;her detestation of Madame de Chevreuse, [40] ; tries to destroy her hold upon the Queen, [40] ; her lively resentment at the insult to her daughter in the affair of the dropped letters, [73] ; demands a public reparation from Madame de Montbazon, [74] ; her demeanour during the “mummeries” of the apology, [74] ; obtains the privilege of never associating with Madame de Montbazon, [75] ; supplicates in vain for Condé’s release, and returns home to die, [204] . Condé, Claire Clemence de Maillé, Princess de Bourbon (daughter of the Duke de Brézé, and wife of the Great Condé), shut up in Bordeaux with the Dukes de Bouillon and de Rochefoucauld during “the Women’s War,” [200] , [204] ;only maintains herself in Bordeaux through the aid of the rabble va-nu-pieds , [205] ; forced to take refuge hastily in the citadel of Montrond, [263] . Conti, Armand de Bourbon, Prince de (brother of the Great Condé), his extravagant adoration of his sister, Madame de Longueville, [141] ;marries Anne Marie Martinozzi, niece of Mazarin, [142] ; declared generalissimo of the army of the king, [159] ; the problem as to who was the author of the rupture of his marriage with Madame de Chevreuse, [227] ; his ardent passion for her, [231] ; is made lieutenant-general in Guienne by Condé, [276] ; finishes, where he begun life, with theology, [142] . Corneille, Pierre, his Emilie painted as a perfect heroine, [82] . Fiesque, Gillona d’Harcourt, Countess de, [195] . Fouquerolles, Madame de, her terrible anxiety lest she should be compromised by the dropped letters, [73] ;confides the secret to La Rochefoucauld, [73] ; the letters are burnt in the Queen’s presence, [73] . Fronde, the, what gave it birth and sustained it, [149] ;Day of the Barricades , [153] ;the royal power attacked by three parties simultaneously, [153] ; the adherents of the Fronde, [156] ; initiation of the Civil War, [159] ; sordid selfishness of the Frondeurs, [161] ; carries everything before it in 1651, [223] ; brief retrospect of the two Fronde wars, [267] ; one of the most interesting as well as diverting periods in French history, [269] ; contrast between its main features and the contemporary civil war in England, [270] ; the wide-spread misery it entailed on France, [270] . Guise, Henri, Duke de Guise (grandson of the Balafré ), espouses the cause of Madame de Montbazon in the affair of the dropped letters, [73] ;confronts and defies the victorious Condés, [112] ; fights a duel with Coligny, the champion of Madame de Longueville, [115] ; his insulting words on unsheathing his sword, [115] ; result of the duel on party feeling in France, [117] ; his liaison with Anne de Gonzagua, [193] ; becomes unfaithful to her and elopes with the Countess de Bossuet, [194] . Guyméné, Anne de Rohan, Princess de (sister-in-law of Madame de Chevreuse, and daughter-in-law of Madame Montbazon), her numerous crowd of old and young adorers, [37] ;her flirtation with Mazarin, [56] ; furious at having been abandoned by De Retz, offers the Queen to get him confined in a cellar, [209] . Hacqueville, Monsieur de, refuses to be a go-between of De Retz and Madame de Chevreuse, [211] . Hautefort, Marie de (afterwards Duchess de Schomberg), influence of her piety and virtue, [37] ;witnesses the arrest of Beaufort, [105] . Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. of England, her warm reception of Madame de Chevreuse, [22] ;seeks an Asylum in France from the Parliamentarians, [143] ; asserted to have secretly married her equerry, Jermyn, [202] . Hocquincourt, Charles de Monchy, Marshal d’, proclaims Madame de Montbazon “la belle des belles,“ [70] ;is beaten by Condé at Bleneau, [284] . Holland, Henry Rich, Earl of, his political correspondence with Madame de Chevreuse, [19] ;encourages the faction of Vendôme, Vieuville, and La Valette, [23] . Importants, the—Rochefoucauld’s account of that faction, [77] ;irritated by the banishment of their fascinating lady-leader, Madame de Montbazon, they plot to murder Mazarin, [78] ; their ruin decided upon by the Queen and Mazarin, [79] ; their error in not conciliating Madame de Longueville, [79] ; was the plot real or imaginary—a point of the highest historical importance, [83] ; failure of the plot and ruin of the faction, [104] .