Dissolve camphor in spirit of wine, moderately heated, until the spirit will not dissolve any more; pour some of the solution into a cold glass, and the camphor will instantly crystallize in beautiful tree-like forms, such as we see in the show-glasses of camphor in druggists’ windows.
Another Experiment.
Heat some blue vitriol (sulphate of copper) in an iron ladle till all the water contained in the crystals is driven off, and the color changes to a gray. Take the lumps out without breaking them, and lay the dried blue vitriol on a plate. If this be moistened with water steam is produced; and if a slice of phosphorus is then laid on the sulphate of copper it ignites, demonstrating again that the condensation of a liquid produces heat. The addition of the water restores the blue color, thus proving that water was necessary to the composition of blue vitriol.
A Solid Changed to a Liquid.
Mix five parts by weight of powdered sal ammoniac, five parts of nitre in powder, and sixteen parts of water. A temperature of twenty-two degrees below the freezing point of water is produced; and if a phial of water, or any convenient metallic cylinder containing water, be surrounded with a sufficient quantity of the freezing mixture, ice is formed. The ice clings to the interior of the tube, but may easily be removed by dipping it in tepid water.
This experiment is the reverse of the last and proves that the sudden reduction of a solid to the liquid condition always affords cold.
An amusing combination of two experiments may be made by putting some fresh-burned lime into one tea pot and this freezing mixture into another. When water is poured on the one containing lime, it gives out steam from the spout, while the addition of water to the other produces so much cold that it can hardly be kept in the hand. Thus heat and cold are afforded through the same medium, water.