“In ancient times, Prince Huan of Chi assembled 50,000 men at arms, and became chief among the princes; Prince Wen of Chin put 40,000 mighty men in the van, and gained his ambition; Prince Mu of Chin gathered together 30,000 invincibles, and subdued his neighbouring foes. Wherefore, the princes of powerful states must consider their people, and assemble the valiant and spirited men by companies.
“Those who delight to attack, and to display their valour and fealty should be formed in companies.
“Those skilful in scaling heights, or covering long distances, and who are quick and light of foot must be collected in companies.
“Retainers who have lost their rank, and who are desirous of displaying their prowess before their superiors should be gathered into companies.
“Those who have abandoned a castle, or deserted their trust, and are desirous of atoning for their misconduct, should be collected and formed into companies.
“These five bodies form the flower of the army. With 3,000 of such troops, if they issue from within, an encompassing enemy can be burst asunder; if they enter from without, a castle can be overthrown.”
Lord Wen asked and said:—
“I desire to know how to fix the battle array, render defence secure, and attack with certainty of victory.”
Wu answered and said:—
“To see with the eye is better than ready words. Yet, I say, if the wise men be put in authority and the ignorant in low places, then the army is already arranged.