Footnote 170:[ (return) ]
See Valentinus in Clem. Strom. VI. 6. 52. "Holy Church", perhaps also in Marcion, if his text (Zahn. Gesch. des N.T.-lichen Kanons, II. p. 502) in Gal. IV. 21, read: 'ητις εστιν μητηρ 'υμων, γεννωσα εις 'ην επεγγειλαμεθα 'αγιαν εκκλησιαν.
Footnote 171:[ (return) ]
Barn. 3. 6.
Footnote 172:[ (return) ]
We are also reminded here of the "tertium genus." The nickname of the heathen corresponded to the self-consciousness of the Christians (see Aristides, Apol).
Footnote 173:[ (return) ]
See also the letter of Pliny the paragraphs about Christian morality, in the first third part of Justin's apology and especially the apology of Aristides c. 15. Aristides portrays Christianity by portraying Christian morality. The Christians know and believe in God the creator of heaven and of earth, the God by whom all things consist, i.e. in him from whom they have received the commandments which they have written in their hearts commandments, which they observe in faith and in the expectation of the world to come. For this reason they do not commit adultery, nor practise unchastity, nor bear false witness, nor covet that with which they are entrusted or what does not belong to them, etc. Compare how in the Apocalypse of Peter definite penalties in hell are portrayed for the several forms of immorality.
Footnote 174:[ (return) ]
An investigation of the Greco Jewish Christian literature of norms and moral rules commencing with the Old Testament doctrine of wisdom on the one hand and the Stoic collections on the other then passing beyond the Alexandrian and Evangelic norms up to the Didache, the Pauline tables of domestic duties, the Sibylline sayings, Phocylides, the Neopythagorean rules and to the norms of the enigmatic Sextus, is still an unfulfilled task. The moral rules of the Pharisaic Rabbis should also be included.
Footnote 175:[ (return) ]
Herm. Mand. I. has merely fixed the Monotheistic confession προτον παντων πιστευσον, 'οτι εις εστιν 'ο θεος, 'ο τα παντα κτισας και καταρτισας κ.τ.λ. See Praed Petri in Clem Strom VI. 6, 48, VI. 5, 39. Aristides gives in c. 2 of his Apology the preaching of Jesus Christ but where he wishes to give a short expression of Christianity he is satisfied with saying that Christians are those who have found the one true God. See e.g. c. 15.
Christians have found the truth. They know and believe in God the creator of heaven and of earth by whom all things consist and from whom all things come who has no other god beside him and from whom they have received commandments which they have written on their hearts, commandments which they observe in faith and in expectation of the world to come. It is interesting to note how Origen Comm. in Joh. XXXII. 9 has brought the Christological Confession into approximate harmony with that of Hermas. First Mand. I. is verbally repeated and then it is said χρη δε και πιστευειν, 'οτι κυριος Ιησους Χριστος και πασε τη περι αυτου κατα την θεοτητα και την ανθροπωτετα αληθεια δει δε και εις το 'αγιον πιστευειν πνευμα, και 'οτι αυτεξουσιοι οντες κολαζομεθα μεν εφ' 'οις 'αμαρτανομεν τιμωμεθα δε εφ' 'οις ευ πραττομεν.
Footnote 176:[ (return) ]
Very instructive here is 2 Clem. ad Corinth. 20, 5 το μονω θεο αορατο, πατρι της αληθειας, τω εξατοστειλαντι 'ημιν τον σωτηρα και αρχηγον της αφθαρσιας, δι' ου και εφανερωσεν 'ημιν την αληθειαν και την επουρανιον ζωην, αυτω 'ε δοξα. On the Holy Spirit see previous note.
Footnote 177:[ (return) ]
They were quoted as 'η γραφη, τα βιβλια, or with the formula 'ο θεος (κυριος) λεγει, γεγραπται. Also Law and Prophets. Law Prophets and Psalms. See the original of the first six books of the Apostolic Constitutions.
Footnote 178:[ (return) ]
See the collection of passages in Patr. App. Opp. edit. Gebhardt. 1. 2 p. 133, and the formula, Diogn. 11: αποστολων γενομενος μαθητης γινομαι διδασκαλος εθνων, τα παραδοθεντα αξιως 'υπηρετων γινομενοις αληθειας μαθηταις. Besides the Old Testament and the traditions about Jesus (Gospels), the Apocalyptic writings of the Jews, which were regarded as writings of the Spirit, were also drawn upon. Moreover, Christian letters and manifestoes proceeding from Apostles, prophets, or teachers, were read. The Epistles of Paul were early collected and obtained wide circulation in the first half of the second century; but they were not Holy Scripture in the specific sense, and therefore their authority was not unqualified.
Footnote 179:[ (return) ]
Barn. 5. 6, 'οι προφεται, απο του κυριου εχοντες την χαριν, εις αυτον επροφητευσαν. Ignat. ad Magn. 8. 2. cf. also Clem. Paedag. I. 7. 59: 'ο γαρ αυτος 'ουτος παιδαγωγος τοτε μεν "φοβηθηση κυριον τον θεον ελεγεν, 'ημιν δε αγαπησεις κυριον τον θεον σου" ταρηνεσεν. δια τουτο και εντελλεται 'ημιν "παυσασθε απο των εργων 'υμων" των παλαιων 'αμαρτιων, "μαθετε καλον ποιειν, εκκλινον απο κακου και ποιησον αγαθον, ηγαπησας δικαιοσυνην, εμισησας ανομιαν" 'αυτη μου 'η νεα διαθηκη παλαιοι κεχαραγμενη γραμματι.