The Makers of Canada: Bishop Laval

by Adrien Leblond

Bancroft's appreciation of, [152], [153];
his version of the Abbé de Fénelon's sermon, [160], [161]
Latour, Abbé de, quoted, [33];
on the liquor question, [36-8];
re the Sovereign Council, [40];
describes the characteristics of the young colonists, [100];
on Laval, [187], [188], [264]
Lauson-Charny, M. de, director of the Quebec Seminary, [55], [134]
Laval, Anne Charlotte de, only sister of Bishop Laval, [19]
Laval, Fanchon (Charles-François-Guy), nephew of the bishop, [140]
Laval, Henri de, brother of Bishop Laval, [19], [21], [139], [141]

Laval, Hugues de, Seigneur of Montigny, etc., father of Bishop Laval, [17];
his death, [18]
Laval, Jean-Louis de, receives the bishop's inheritance, [19], [21], [22], [139]
Laval-Montmorency, François de, first Bishop of Quebec, his birth and ancestors, [17];
death of his father, [18];
his education, [19-21];
death of his two brothers, [21];
his mother begs him, on becoming the head of the family, to abandon his ecclesiastical career, [21];
renounces his inheritance in favour of his brother Jean-Louis, [21], [22];
his ordination, [22];
appointed archdeacon of the Cathedral of Evreux, [22];
spends fifteen months in Rome, [23];
three years in the religious retreat of M. de Bernières, [24], [25];
embarks for New France with the title of Bishop of Petræa in partibus, [26];
disputes his authority with the Abbé de Queylus, [27], [28];
given the entire jurisdiction of Canada, [28];
his personality and appearance, [28], [29];
his devotion to the plague-stricken, [33];
private life, [33], [34];
friction with d'Argenson on questions of precedence, [34];
opposes the liquor trade with the savages, [36-9];
carries an appeal to the throne against the liquor traffic, [39];
returns to Canada, [41];
his efforts to establish a seminary at Quebec, [47-50];
obtains an ordinance from the king granting the seminary permission to collect tithes, [50];
receives letters from Colbert and the king, [52], [53];
takes up his abode in the seminary, [55];
his pastoral visits, [74], [75], [87];
founds the smaller seminary in 1668, [97-9];
his efforts to educate the colonists, [97-100], [124];
builds the first sanctuary of Sainte Anne, [101];
his ardent desire for more missionaries is granted, [104], [105];
his advice to the missionaries, [105-7];
receives a letter from the king re the Récollet priests, [110];
created Bishop of Quebec (1674), [129];
his reasons for demanding the title of Bishop of Quebec, [130], [131];
visits the abbeys of Maubec and Lestrées, [138];
leases the abbey of Lestrées to M. Berthelot, [138];
exchanges the Island of Orleans for Ile Jésus, [138];
visits his family, [139];
renews the union of his seminary with that of the Foreign Missions, [140];
returns to Canada after four years absence, [141];
ordered by the king to investigate the evils of the liquor traffic, [171], [172];
leaves again for France (1678), [173];
acquires from the king a slight restriction over the liquor traffic, [174];
confers a favour on the priests of St. Sulpice, [175], [176];
returns to Canada (1680), [184], [186];
wills all that he possesses to his seminary, [185];
makes a pastoral visit of his diocese, [189];
his ill-health, [190];
writes to the king for reinforcements, [191], [192];
decides to carry his resignation in person to the king, [196];
establishes a chapter, [197], [198];
sails for France, [198];
to remain titular bishop until the consecration of his successor, [201];
returns to Canada, [202], [220];
ill-health, [205];
reproves Saint-Vallier's extravagance, [206];
an appreciation of, by Saint-Vallier, [209];
a letter from Father La Chaise to, [238], [239];
officiates during Saint-Vallier's absence, [244];
his last illness, [249-53], [261], [262];
his death, [263];
and burial, [264-6]
Laval University, [15], [99], [124]
Leber, Mlle. Jeanne, [91], [92]
Le Caron, Father, Récollet missionary, [3]
Lejeune, Father, [25]
Lemaître, Father, put to death by the Iroquois, [8];
ministers to the plague-stricken on board the St. André, [31], [32]
Le Soleil d'Afrique, [219]
Lestrées, the abbey of, [136], [138], [185]
Liquor traffic, the, forbidden by the Sovereign Council, [36];
opposed by Laval, [36-9];
the Sovereign Council gives unrestricted sway to, [113];
again restricted by the council, [115], [116];
a much discussed question, [169-75]
Lorette, the village of, [74]
Lotbinière, Louis René de, member of the Sovereign Council, [166]
Louis XIV of France, recalls d'Avaugour, and sends more troops to Canada, [39];
writes to Laval, [52], [53];
petitions the Pope for the erection of an episcopal see in Quebec, [131], [132];
demands that the new diocese shall be dependent upon the metropolitan of Rouen, [132], [133];
granted the right of nomination to the bishopric of Quebec, [136];
his decree of 1673, [159], [160];
reproves Frontenac for his absolutism, [164], [165];
orders Frontenac to investigate the evils of the liquor traffic, [171], [172];
forbids intoxicating liquors being carried to the savages in their dwellings or in the woods, [174];
contributes to the maintenance of the priests in Canada, [182], [183];
his efforts to keep the Canadian officials in harmony, [186], [187];
sends reinforcements, [192];
grants Laval an annuity for life, [201];
at war again, [235]
M
Maisonneuve, M. de, governor of Montreal, [8], [16], [92], [176]
Maizerets, M. Ange de, comes to Canada, [41];
director of the Quebec seminary, [55], [56];
accompanies Laval on a tour of his diocese, [189];
archdeacon of the chapter established by Laval, [197];
in charge of the diocese during Saint-Vallier's absence, [243]
Mance, Mlle., establishes the Hôtel-Dieu Hospital in Montreal, [8];
on board the plague-stricken St. André, [31];
at the laying of the first stone of the church of Notre-Dame, [89];
her death, [89];
her religious zeal, [91], [92]
Maricourt, Le Moyne de, [16];
takes part in an expedition to capture Hudson Bay, [204]
Marquette, Father, with Joliet explores the upper part of the Mississippi, [11], [59], [82], [146], [153];
his death, [146], [147]
Maubec, the abbey of, [131];
incorporated with the diocese of Quebec, [136];
a description of, [137]
Membré, Father, descends the Mississippi with La Salle, [149], [150], [151]
Mesnu, Peuvret de, secretary of the Sovereign Council, [158], [166]
Métiomègue, Algonquin chief, joins Dollard, [69]
Meulles, M. de, replaces Duchesneau as commissioner, [168], [185];
replaced by Champigny, [204]
Mézy, Governor de, [10];
succeeds d'Avaugour, [41];
disagrees with the bishop, [51];
his death, [51], [52]
Michilimackinac, [146], [149], [216]
Millet, Father, pays a tribute to Garakontié, [73], [215]
Mississippi River, explored by Marquette and Joliet as far as the Arkansas River, [11], [59], [82], [146];
La Salle descends to its mouth, [150], [151]
Monsipi, Fort (Hudson Bay), captured by the French, [204]
Montigny, Abbé de, one of Laval's early titles, [7], [19]
Montigny-sur-Avre, Laval's birthplace, [17]
Montmagny, M. de, governor of New France, [8]
Montmorency, Henri de, near kinsman of Laval, [18];
beheaded by the order of Richelieu, [18]
Montreal, the Island of, [8], [86];
made over to the Sulpicians, [108], [175];
the parishes of, united with the Seminary of St. Sulpice, [175], [176], [183]
Montreal, the mission of La Montagne at, [9], [74];
its first Roman Catholic church, [87-90];
its religious zeal, [90-2];
see also Ville-Marie
Morel, Thomas, director of the Quebec seminary, [55], [101];
his arrest, [163];
set at liberty, [164];
his death, [219]
Morin, M., quoted, [89], [90]
Mornay, Mgr. de, Bishop of Quebec, [12]
Mother Mary of the Incarnation, on Laval's devotion to the sick, [33];
on his private life, [34], [254];
on the results of the great earthquake, [45], [46];
on the work of the Sisters, [79], [80];
her religious zeal and fine qualities, [92], [93];
Abbé Ferland's appreciation of, [93-5];
speaks of the work of Abbé Fénelon and Father Trouvé, [109];
on the liquor traffic, [113];
sums up Talon's merits, [114];
speaks of the colonists' children, [119];
on civilizing the Indians, [125], [126];
an appreciation of, by Abbé Verreau, [127];
her death, [154];
her noble character, [155]
Mouchy, M. de, member of the Sovereign Council, [158]
N
Nelson, Fort (Hudson Bay), held by the English against de Troyes' expedition, [204];
captured by Iberville, [233]
Newfoundland, English settlements attacked by Iberville, [232]
Notre-Dame Church (Montreal), [87-90], [176]
Notre-Dame de Bonsecours, chapel (Montreal), [176-9]
Notre-Dame de Montréal, the parish of, [175], [176]
Notre-Dame des Victoires, church of, [185]
Noue, Father de, his death, [5]
O
Oblate Fathers, their entry into New France, [1]
Olier, M., founder of the Seminary of St. Sulpice, [5], [6], [25];
places the Island of Montreal under the protection of the Holy Virgin, [8], [85];
his death, [135];
succeeded by Bretonvilliers, [162]
Onondagas, the, [67]
Ottawa Indians, threaten to re-open their feud with the Iroquois, [83], [215]
P
Pallu, M., [23]
Parkman, Francis, quoted, [34], [35]
Péricard, Mgr. de, Bishop of Evreux, [21];
his death, [22]
Péricard, Michelle de, mother of Bishop Laval, [17];
her death, [26]
Peltrie, Madame de la, [92];
establishes the Ursuline Convent in Quebec, [125];
a description of, by Abbé Casgrain, [153], [154];
her death, [154]
Permanence of livings, a much discussed question, [169], [181], [184], [236]
Perrot, François Marie, governor of Montreal, [89];
his anger at Bizard, [160];
arrested by Frontenac, [160], [164]
Perrot, Nicholas, explorer, [82]
Peyras, M. de, member of the Sovereign Council, [166]
Phipps, Sir William, attacks Quebec, [11], [229-31]
Picquet, M., [23]
Plessis, Mgr., Bishop of Quebec, [13]
Pommier, Hugues, comes to Canada, [41];
director of the Quebec seminary, [55]
Pontbriant, Mgr. de, Bishop of Quebec, [12]
Pourroy de l'Aube-Rivière, Mgr., Bishop of Quebec, [12]
Prairie de la Madeleine, [74], [232]
Propaganda, the, [130], [131]
Prudhomme, Fort, erected by La Salle, [150]
Q
Quebec, attacked by Phipps, [11], [229-31];
the bishops of, [12];
attacked by the Iroquois, [67-72];
arrival of colonists (1665), [78], [79];
the cathedral of, [84], [85];
its religious fervour, [92];
the Lower Town consumed by fire, [186];
overwhelmed by disease and fire, [239]

Quebec Act, the, [13]
Queylus, Abbé de, Grand Vicar of Rouen for Canada, [7];
comes to take possession of the Island of Montreal for the Sulpicians, and to establish a seminary, [8];
disputes Laval's authority, [27];
goes to France, [27];
returns with bulls placing him in possession of the parish of Montreal, [28];
suspended from office by Bishop Laval and recalled to France, [28];
returns to the colony and is appointed grand vicar at Montreal, [28];
his religious zeal, [92];
his generosity, [107];
returns to France, [134];
his work praised by Talon, [134]
R
Rafeix, Father, comes to Canada, [41]
Récollets, the, their entry into New France, [1];
refused permission to return to Canada after the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, [3], [110];
propose St. Joseph as the patron saint of Canada, [87];
their popularity, [111], [112];
build a monastery in Quebec, [112];
espouse Frontenac's cause in his disputes with Duchesneau, [112];
provide instruction for the colonists, [124];
their establishment in Quebec, [208]
Régale, the question of the right of, [184], [201]
Ribourde, Father de la, [149];
killed by the Iroquois, [149], [150]
Richelieu, Cardinal, founds the Company of the Cent-Associés, [4];
orders Henri de Montmorency to be beheaded, [18];
referred to, [117]
Rupert, Fort (Hudson Bay), captured by the French, [204]
S
Sagard, Father, Récollet missionary, [3]
Sainte Anne, the Brotherhood of, [101]
Sainte Anne, the first sanctuary of, built by Laval, [101];
gives place to a stone church erected through the efforts of M. Filion, [102];
a third temple built upon its site, [102];
the present cathedral built (1878), [102];
the pilgrimages to, [102], [103]
Sainte-Hélène, Andrée Duplessis de, [92]
Sainte-Hélène, Le Moyne de, [16];
takes part in an expedition to capture Hudson Bay, [204];
his death at the siege of Quebec, [231]
Saint-Vallier, Abbé Jean Baptiste de la Croix de, king's almoner, [199];
appointed provisionally grand vicar of Laval, [201];
leaves a legacy to the seminary of Quebec, [202];
embarks for Canada, [202];
makes a tour of his diocese, [203], [204];
his extravagance, [206];
pays a tribute to Laval, [209];
leaves for France, [210];
obtains a grant for a Bishop's Palace, [211];
his official appointment and consecration as Bishop of Quebec, [202], [219];
returns to Canada, [221];
opens a hospital in Notre-Dame des Anges, [236];
in France from 1700 to 1705, when returning to Canada is captured by an English vessel and kept in captivity till 1710, [242], [243];
the object of his visit to France, [243]
St. André, the, [27];
the plague breaks out on board, [31], [32]
Ste. Anne, Fort (Hudson Bay), captured by the French, [204]
St. Bernardino of Siena, quoted, [35], [36]
St. François-Xavier, adopted as the second special protector of the colony, [87]
St. Ignace de Michilimackinac, La Salle's burying-place, [147]
St. Joachim, the seminary of Quebec has a country house at, [12];
the boarding-school at, established by Laval, [100], [124], [245];
receives a remembrance from Laval, [199]
St. Joseph, the first patron saint of Canada, [87]
St. Malo, the Bishop of, [6], [7]
St. Sulpice de Montréal, see Seminary of St. Sulpice
St. Sulpice, the priests of, see Sulpicians
Salignac-Fénelon, Abbé François de, goes to the north shore of Lake Ontario to establish a mission, [105], [108];
teaches the Iroquois, [125];
his sermon preached against Frontenac, [160], [161];
his quarrel with Frontenac, [160-5];
forbidden to return to Canada, [164]
Sault St. Louis (Caughnawaga), the mission of, [9], [74], [147], [189]
Sault Ste. Marie, the mission of, [11];
addressed by Father Allouez, [104]
Seignelay, Marquis de, Colbert's son, sends four shiploads of colonists to people Louisiana, [151], [152];
postpones Laval's return to Canada, [211]
Seigniorial tenure, [119], [120]
Seminary, the, at Quebec, founded by Laval (1663), [10];
the priests of, assist in defending Quebec against Phipps, [11], [12];
Laval's ordinance relating to, [47], [48];
its establishment receives the royal approval, [50];
obtains permission to collect tithes from the colonists, [50];
its first superior and directors, [55];
affiliated with the Seminary of Foreign Missions at Paris, [57], [58];
a smaller seminary built (1668), [58], [59], [97-9];

the whole destroyed by fire (1701), [58], [240], [241];
its union with the Seminary of Foreign Missions renewed, [140];
receives a legacy from Saint-Vallier, [202];
sends missionaries to Louisiana, [208];
in financial difficulties, [211]
Seminary of Foreign Missions at Paris, affiliated with the Quebec Seminary, [57], [58];
contributes to the support of the mission at Ville-Marie, [136];
its union with the Quebec Seminary renewed, [140];
a union with the Seminary of St. Sulpice formed, [221]
Seminary of Montreal, see Ville-Marie Convent

Seminary of St. Sulpice, the, founded by M. Olier, [5], [6], [25];
enlarged, [90];
its ancient clock, [90];
takes up the financial obligations of the Company of Montreal, [135];
joined to the parish of Notre-Dame de Montréal, [175], [176], [183];
visited by Laval, [189];
affiliated with the Seminary of Foreign Missions, [221]
Seine, the, captured by the English with Saint-Vallier on board, [242], [243]
Souart, M., [91], [92], [124]
Sovereign Council, the, fixes the tithe at a twenty-sixth, [10];
forbids the liquor trade with the savages, [36];
registers the royal approval of the establishment of the Quebec Seminary, [50];
recommends that emigrants be sent only from the north of France, [78];
passes a decree permitting the unrestricted sale of liquor, [113];
finds it necessary to restrict the liquor trade, [115], [116];
its members, [158];
judges Perrot, [160];
its re-construction, [165-7];
a division in its ranks, [167];
passes a decree affecting the policy of the Quebec Seminary, [236]
Sulpicians, their entry into New France, [1];
become the lords of the Island of Montreal, [8], [108];
their devotion to the Virgin Mary, [85];
at Ville-Marie, [92];
more priests arrive, [105], [106];
their religious zeal, [109];
provide instruction for the colonists, [124];
granted the livings of the Island of Montreal, [175], [176];
request the king's confirmation of the union of their seminary with the parishes on the Island of Montreal, [183], [184]
T
Talon, intendant, appointed to investigate the administration of de Mézy, [51];
his immigration plans opposed by Colbert, [80];
writes to Colbert in praise of the Abbé de Queylus, [107];
brings out five Récollet priests, [109];
obtains from the Sovereign Council a decree permitting the unrestricted sale of liquor, [113];
develops the resources of the country, [114], [115];
returns to France for two years, [116];
praises Abbé de Queylus' work, [134], [135];
retires from office, [143]
Taschereau, Cardinal, [40], [86]
Tesserie, M. de la, member of the Sovereign Council, [158]
Tilly, Le Gardeur de, member of the Sovereign Council, [158], [166], [167]
Tithes, the levying of, on the colonists, [10], [50], [51], [54];
payable only to the permanent priests, [55];
the edict of 1679, [181];
Laval and Saint-Vallier disagree upon the question of, [208], [209]
Tonti, Chevalier de, accompanies La Salle as far as Fort Crèvecœur, [148];
attacked by the Iroquois and flees to Michilimackinac, [149];
again joins La Salle and descends the Mississippi with him, [150];
appointed La Salle's representative, [151]
Tracy, Marquis de, viceroy, appointed to investigate the administration of de Mézy, [51];
builds three forts on the Richelieu River, [53];
destroys the hamlets of the Mohawks and concludes a treaty of peace with the Iroquois which lasts eighteen years, [53], [54], [82];
reduces the tithe to a twenty-sixth, [54];
returns to France, [81];
his fine qualities, [81], [82];
presents a valuable picture to the church at Sainte Anne, [102]
Treaty of Ryswick, [234]
Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, [3], [110]
Treaty of Utrecht, [235]
Trouvé, Claude, goes to the north shore of Lake Ontario to establish a mission, [105], [108]
Troyes, Chevalier de, leads an expedition to capture Hudson Bay, [204]
Turgis, Father, [62]
U
Ursuline Convent (Quebec), established by Madame de la Peltrie, [112], [155];
consumed by fire, [210]
Ursuline Sisters, [33], [125], [154], [231]
V
Valrennes, M. de, commands Fort Frontenac, [223], [232]
Vaudreuil, Chevalier de, [214];
in command at Montreal, [223];
opposing the Iroquois at massacre of Lachine, [226], [227];
succeeds Callières as governor of Montreal, [235]
Verreau, Abbé, pays a tribute to Mother Mary of the Incarnation, [127]
Viel, Father, Récollet missionary, [3]
Vignal, Father, ministers to the plague-stricken on board the St. André, [31], [32];
referred to, [8], [91], [92]
Ville-Marie (Montreal), the school at, founded by Marguerite Bourgeoys, [9];
the Abbé de Queylus returns to, [28];
takes precautions against the Iroquois, [68];
the school of martyrdom, [90], [91];
fortified by Denonville, [213], [214];
governed by Vaudreuil in Callières' absence, [223];
besieged by Winthrop, [229];
references, [82], [83], [85], [122], [124], [135], [162], [178], [217]
Ville-Marie Convent, founded by Marguerite Bourgeoys, [126], [127], [175], [176]
Villeray, M. de, writes to Colbert, [77], [78];
member of the Sovereign Council, [166], [167]
Vitré, Denys de, member of the Sovereign Council, [166]
W
West India Company, [81]
Winthrop, Fitz-John, attacks Montreal, [229], [231]