Alexander states that the continual fevers (συνεχεῖς) differ from the intermittents, solely from the humours which occasion the former being of a thicker nature.
Our author’s account is nearly copied word for word from Oribasius.
Actuarius remarks that the synochus proceeds from an ebullition of the blood, and the continual fever (συνεχὴς) from putrefaction of the different humours.
Nonnus states very distinctly the difference between the synochus and continual fever. In the latter, he says, there is an incomplete remission of the febrile symptoms, but in the former there is no remission at all.
Synesius and Constantinus Africanus adopt the distinction between the synochus and continual fever, as stated by Galen.
Leo says, a continual fever has no intermission, but merely a remission and abatement of the fever in the decline of the paroxyms.
Celsus, although he does not describe the febres continuæ particularly, seems to allude to them in the following account of the quotidians: “Rursus aliæ sic desinunt, ut ex toto sequatur integritas; aliæ sic, ut aliquantum quidem minuatur ex febre, nihilominus tamen quædam reliquiæ remaneant, donec altera accessio accedat; ac sæpe aliæ vix quidquam aut nihil remittant, sed ita ut continuent.”
In the works of Rhases, the distinction between the continual and synochous fevers is clearly pointed out. He states that the synochus, or continens, is a fever which consists of one paroxysm from beginning to end; whereas the continual, called συνεχὴς by the Greeks, and f. continua by the Romans, is allied to the intermittents.
In the barbarous translation of Alsaharavius, there is some difficulty in recognizing this distinction. He first describes a fever, which he denominates synocha, which arises, he says, from inflammation of the blood, and is marked by redness of the face, headach, and difficulty of breathing. Second, nearly allied to it is the synochus or februs continua (it ought to be f. continens), which arises from putrefaction of the blood. Third, the febris quotidiana, the febris tertiana continua, and the febris quartana continua, which are distinguished from their corresponding intermittents by being attended with a partial remission and not a complete intermission of the febrile symptoms.
Avicenna describes the tertian intermittent by the name of febris tertiana periodica, and the continual tertian by that of tertiana continua; the quotidian intermittent by the name of febris phlegmatica periodica, and the continual quotidian by that of febris phlegmatica inseparabilis, or latica; the quartan intermittent by the name of quartana periodica, and the continual quartan by that of quartana continua. The synochus he calls by the name of febris sanguinis; and, in treating of it, remarks that Galen is guilty of inconsistency in stating the proximate cause of it; for that in one place he says it arises from the blood, and in another from bile. Averrhoes states the same objections to Galen’s account of the origin of synochous fevers.