SECT. II.—FOR MAKING THE HAIR CURLED, AND FOR DYEING IT. FROM CLEOPATRA.
Having first scrubbed the head, anoint the hair with the root of cow-parsnip in undiluted wine.—Another: Having shaved the head, and scrubbed it, take a young pine kernel, and burn it until it be reduced to ashes, put it into a mortar and pulverize it, adding myrtle ointment, until it be of the thickness of honey, and thus anoint the head with it.—Another: Rub in equal parts of myrtles and beet, with oil.—Another: Twenty galls; of maiden-hair, oz. ij; pound with sea-water until they attain the thickness of honey. Having rubbed the hair with urine, or lixivial ashes, and cleaned it with warm water, anoint it with this medicine for two days, then stopping, on the third day clean it, and, having shaved, anoint with myrtle oil. This will render the hair smooth, and curled, and black; but it will be more curled if you shave before using it.
Preservatives of hoary hairs, and other compositions for dyeing them black. Of the oil of unripe olives, three sextarii; of spikenard, dr. j; of unguis aromaticus (sweet-hoof?), dr. iv; of schænanth, dr. iv. Boil with oil, and separately pound and dissolve carefully one ounce of the juice of acacia in wine. When only a third part of the oil remains, strain it, and mixing with the acacia, lay it up in a vessel, and anoint with it every day.—Another: Of the bark of green walnuts, oz. iij; of the root of the ilex, oz. iij; of dark-coloured wine, three sextarii; boil to a third part, and, having strained, pound the remainder with one sextarius of myrtle oil. To be used every day.
An infusion for dyeing the hair black. Of galls, one sextarius, of elm-leaved sumach (rhus coriaria), two sextarii; of the leaves of privet, an equal quantity; of black myrtle leaves, the same; of cinnaris a handful; of poppy-heads the same; of lake water, twelve sextarii. Macerate for many days, boil to a third, then rub and anoint the head. When the hairs are dry anoint with an acetabulum of Cimolian earth, and an equal quantity of quicklime. Dissolving these things in the juice of boiled beet, anoint with it, and then, for the sake of protection, put over it the leaves of beet, and, when they adhere properly, wash in the bath with it.
For dyeing tawny hairs, and making them of a bright yellow colour. Take of myrrh, one part; of the flower of salt, one part; pulverize carefully, and, having made it of the thickness of the sordes of a bath, scrub the head, anoint it with the ointment, and allow it to remain a night and a day, and then order it to be wiped off.—Another: Rub in unripe lupines with water.—Another: Of litharge, dr. j; of Cretan earth, dr. iv; of quicklime, dr. j; with water make to the thickness of bath sordes, and anoint. Apply the leaves of beet for two or three days, and then clean.
For making black hairs yellow. Add the lees of wine to the sordes of a bath, and, having made it to the consistence of cerate, use it when you are going to sleep, and in the morning the hairs will be yellow.—Another: Macerate the leaves of privet in the juice of Fuller’s herb (struthium), and use the infusion.
A gold-coloured dye. Of alum, dr. vj; of red arsenic, dr. vj; of saffron, dr. ij; of the thapsus used by dyers, called herba rubia by the Romans, dr. viij; of the lixivial ashes used by the bonnet-makers, four sextarii; boil the ashes and the thapsus pounded together, and, when but one half remains, squeeze out the juice, and dissolve in it the alum, red arsenic, and saffron; put it into a glass vessel, and, at the time of using, first scrub the head, and then anoint with it. When it is all drunk up, clean with the decoction of fenugreek, barley, and cumin, having previously washed them with a sufficiency of tepid water, and add as much soap as is required.—Another: Mixing together the burnt lees of wine and the oil used in the baths, anoint the hairs.—Another: Scrub with Gallic soap and water at each bath.—Another very fine: Of red sumach, one sextarius; of galls, lb. iss; of sheep’s dung, oz. ij; of the golden-coloured herb, called rubia by the Romans, oz. ij; of maiden-hair, two bunches (fasciculi); of wormwood, one bunch; of lupines stripped of their outer coat, two cyathi; of water, six sextarii; put all into a glass vessel, and allow to macerate for nine days, stirring it twice a day. At the time of using, strain out what is required, and, soaking a sponge in it, rub the hairs, and when they are moistened allow them to drink it up. When dried, wash with a solution of soap in warm water.
For making the hairs white. Burn the flowers of the white petty-mullein, moisten with vinegar, and mix for a detergent ointment.—Another: Of the fruit of petty-mullein, dr. j; of alum, dr. j; of the rind of radishes, dr. j; pound, and mix of bull’s glue, dr. iv.
Commentary. Galen, when about to treat of compositions for the hair, remarks that the application of these does not belong properly to the physician, but that he may sometimes be obliged to furnish them to royal ladies, whom, under certain circumstances, he cannot venture to disobey. That the ladies, in ancient times, were in the practice of painting their hair, is evident from Achilles Tatius (ii, 149), and Juvenal (vi, 354.) Eustathius mentions that antimony was very much used for painting the eyebrows black. (Comment. in Iliad, viii, versus finem.)
For further information upon this subject, with which we must confess ourselves wholly unacquainted, we refer the reader to the following works: Alexander (i, 3); Oribasius (iv, 7, 8); Aëtius (vi, 58); Nonnus (2, 3); Octavius Horatianus (i, 1); Avicenna (iv, 7, 1); Alsaharavius (Pract. xvii, 7); Rhases (ad Mansor. v, and Contin. xxxvi.) Vegetius, the great authority on Veterinary Surgery, gives prescriptions for dyeing the hair of cattle. (Mulom. ii.)