Agglutinative medicines. The following substances agglutinate the hairs when bent inwards: Bitumen, mastich, colophonian rosin, glue, the glutinous part of snails.
On encanthis and rhyas. Encanthis is an excrescence of the natural flesh at the great canthus, but rhyas is a wasting of it. You may treat encanthis with the remedies mentioned for ectropion, and similar caustic, or septic applications; but the whole substance must not be consumed, lest rhyas be produced, for it must only be reduced to its natural size. Rhyas, when the whole flesh is consumed, either by an awkward surgical operation or medicines, is incurable. But if part of it only be lost, you may restore it by moderately astringent and incarnating applications, such as that from saffron, horned poppy, and aloes; and the saffron collyria, and henbane boiled in wine and applied, and a small quantity of alum with wine.
On ulcers. Of the ulcers in the eyes there is but one genus, but many particular species. For that in the cornea, when hollow, narrow, and clean, is called bothrion. That which is broader than the bothrion, but less deep, is called cœloma. Argemon is the name given to that which arises on the circle of the iris, but affects the surrounding parts, so that the part which is on the external side of the iris is red, but that on the internal white. Epicauma is a foul and impure ulcer with eschars, which, when cleaned away, often give vent to the humours of the eye. There are many other varieties of ulcers, all of which we shall treat of in general terms. If, therefore, the ulcer happen to be attended with inflammation, the cure must be accomplished by such things as are calculated to soothe and digest the inflammation, regard being had to the peculiar nature of the ulcer. Such are the collyria, called libanium, cycnos, and palaria, aster, and the like; and those from starch, Samian earth, and ceruse. But the most sedative collyrium which we are acquainted with is that of Nilamon; and yet we must not persevere long with it, because it is very narcotic. The best of all applications is the collyrium from decoctions not possessed of a narcotic quality. But if the ulcer be attended with a rheum, we must mix some of the collyria for it, such as that from the hydra, the chiac, the yellow cycnos, and such as possess repellent properties without being stimulant. When the ulcers are foul, we must use honied water moderately diluted, and the decoction of fenugreek, by themselves, and along with the collyria for that purpose; when they are acrid, we may use that of Severianus with the diachylon from fenugreek; when not acrid, those from myrrh and nard. When the ulcers are cleaned, they may be cicatrized by means of the collyrium called cleon, in addition to which it will render the scar of the same colour.
On procidentia. Procidentia is a projection of the coat called uva (iris?), formed by an ulceration or rupture of the cornea. When, therefore, it is small, so as to resemble the head of a fly, it is called myocephalon. When it increases more, so as to resemble a grape-stone, it is called staphyloma; when it advances far forward, so as to protrude between the eyelids, it is called melon; and if it has become callous, it is called clavus. If, therefore, the projection is small, like the head of a fly, we must use repellent and astringent applications, such as the chian, that called fuscum, the nard, and the theodotian, and those from olive leaves, and from horn. And we must bind upon them without pressure a piece of sponge which has been soaked in oxycrate, or astringent wine, or the decoction of roses, or the compress called splenium may be used. The best application for procidentia, and all ulcers of the eye, is the collyrium called olympiac or olympus, with the juice of olive, or of knot-grass, or of poley. The same things are applicable to clavus and staphyloma, before they whiten; for after they become white and callous, they are incurable.
On hypopyon. Hypopyon occurs occasionally in the cornea, being sometimes deeply seated, and sometimes more superficially, the matter assuming the shape of a nail, and hence the affection has got the name of onyx. The indication of cure is either to dispel the pus by remedies possessing this property in a moderate degree, such as honied-water, and the juice of fenugreek, and the collyria formed from it, the libyanum, and those from frankincense; or to make it burst, and cleanse the ulcer by means of the more potent remedies, such as those called diasmyrna and the hygidian. For cases of hypopyon without ulceration one may use the following liquid collyrium: Of copperas, and of saffron, of each, dr. viij; of myrrh, dr. iv; of honey, lb. j. The phlyctæna, which is an elevation of the cornea, by a certain humour corroding its fibres, yields to the same treatment as hypopyon.
The liquid collyria of Bassus for hypopyon. Of saffron, of aloes, and of myrrh, of each, oz. j; of wine, oz. iij; of the finest honey, oz. vj. The saffron is to be levigated with a small quantity of the wine, then with the aloes and myrrh; and when it thickens, add the honey, and having mixed together, lay up in a glass vessel, and use twice a day, or, if the case be urgent, three times. It at the same time cleanses the eye and proves incarnating and cicatrizing.
On cicatrices and leucomata. Superficial scars on the eye are called by some cicatrices, and by others nebulæ; but the more deeply seated are called leucomata. The proper remedies for them are those of a detergent and cleansing nature. Wherefore, nebulæ may be cleansed by the juice of anemone, and that of the small centaury, with honey; but the more chronic are reduced by cedar gum, or by copper alone levigated with water for a collyrium, and by the cleansing collyria, such as that from hartshorn, and those called rhinarian, hecatombe, and the like. Leucomata may be cleared away by nitre carefully levigated with some old oil, and properly smeared upon them, and by the shell of the cuttle-fish (sepia) burnt and pounded finely with honey. Among the collyria, the following one proves an excellent and mild detergent: Of mamira, of ammoniac perfume, of Troglodytic myrrh, of crocodile’s dung, equal parts; make a collyrium, and use. Levigate the dung of the land crocodile with water, and anoint, having formed it into a collyrium. You may also succeed well by dissolving Cappadocian salts in water, and then dissolving the collyria for leucoma in it, and injecting it.
Dyes for cicatrices. Of galls and acacia, of each dr. iv; of copperas, dr. ij; use. The following is a collyrium: Of the flowers of the pomegranate, of copperas, of acacia, of gum, of each dr. iv; of antimony and galls, of each dr. ij; triturate with water. When the flowers of the pomegranate are not at hand, you may use the internal membrane between the seeds.
On pterygium. Pterygium is a nervous (membranous?) excrescence of the tunica adnata, arising at the angle of the eye, and advancing to the corona. When it increases greatly, it covers the pupil itself. Wherefore, large and chronic pterygia can only be extirpated by a surgical operation. But the smaller and more recent ones may be worn down by the abstergent applications, such as those used for trachoma and leucoma. Among the simple remedies are burnt copper, and copperas with the gall of swine, which answer well. The following is a more potent remedy: Of copperas, p. i, of gum, p. ss.; triturate with wine, and anoint, or form into collyria. Some mix the gall of a goat with honey, and anoint with it.