For vermes in the ears. Wash with a decoction of wormwood, of centaury, or of leeks; inject the juice of the green leaves, or of the fruit of capers, or cedar-gum, or old human urine, or white hellebore with honey, or the juice of calamint, or scammony with vinegar, or the juice of wormwood. Oil poured into the opening of the ear, so as to make them ascend to the top, answers well. But a better application is vinegar and oil. It also applies to animalcules which fall into the ear.
For calculi and the like which have fallen into the ear. Having wrapped some wool about an ear specillum, dip it into turpentine-rosin, gum, or some glutinous substance, and thus draw it out; but if it does not yield, pour frequently warm oil into the passage; and if it do not fall out or is left behind, use the other means to be described in the Surgical part of this work.
On noises. If noises occur in fevers at their crisis, they ought not to be interfered with, for they will commonly cease of themselves; but, if they remain after the disease, having fomented with the decoction of wormwood, inject vinegar and rose-oil, or the juice of radish with rose-oil, or that of black hellebore with vinegar. For chronic noises occasioned by thick and viscid humours (which you may know from their coming on not suddenly, but gradually), syringe with vinegar, nitre, and honey.—Another: Of white hellebore, dr. ij; of castor, dr. ij; of saffron, dr. iij; of nitre, dr. xvj. Make trochisks, which triturate in vinegar, and use.
For chronic noises and hissing sounds. Triturate euphorbium with oil of privet, heat and use. When, from increased sensibility, they experience the sensation of vapours or spirits carried upwards, triturate castor and the seed of hemlock with vinegar, and inject.
On difficulty of hearing and deafness. Those cases which are congenital, or which, although not congenital, are inveterate, and attended with complete deafness, are incurable; and those which, although not complete, are inveterate, prove also incurable, or difficult to cure. Those which are formed by a bilious humour ascending upwards, you may easily cure by evacuating with cholagogue medicines; and sometimes the complaint goes off spontaneously, when bile is discharged downwards. Deafness, or difficulty of hearing, occasioned by crude and thick humours, you may cure by opening a vein, by purging freely with hiera, and by using masticatories, errhines, and natural or salt baths. It is also proper to inject into the ear those things which are recommended above for noises. But the following are particularly applicable: Inject the urine of a goat and the gall of a goat together, or the gall singly; or the juice of rue with honey; or castor with the oil of dill; or the medicine œsypum with nard ointment; or the gall of a goat with galbanum; or this: Of castor, dr. ij; of nitre and white hellebore, of each, dr. j.
For contusions of the ears. Hippocrates recommends us to apply nothing to them; but since we are often compelled by those who have sustained the injuries to do something, we may use the following: Of myrrh, of aloes, of frankincense, of acacia, equal parts; anoint with vinegar or the white of an egg. Or, pound in a mortar the inner part of warm bread with honey, and apply as a cataplasm. Or this: Of bitumen, of frankincense, of aloes, of the flesh of snails, of African bulbi, equal parts, triturate with vinegar, and apply. When there is inflammation, triturate with oily grain (sesame), or with chondrus boiled in vinegar, and apply as a cataplasm; but let the cataplasm be light, and not bandaged at all, or but slightly; and let wool dipped in oil be introduced into the passage.
On parotis. Parotis is an affection of the glands about the ears, being sometimes occasioned by humours from the head which are impacted in it, and sometimes by those collected from the rest of the body during the crisis of a fever. If it be deep-seated, and do not occasion a swelling, we may assist nature by applying attractive remedies, either by putting on a cupping-instrument or using frequent fomentations. For if the matter be determined inwardly, there is no ordinary danger; but, if it inflame and swell out to a tumour, we must, on the contrary, use soothing and digestive cataplasms, such as that from barley-flour, that from wheat, or from the flour of linseed with honied water, or boiled with the decoction of fenugreek, or of marshmallows, or of chamomile, and that from dock and axunge without salt. But if it appear that there is a fulness of blood, we must first evacuate by phlebotomy, if the strength permit: but if the swelling be not dissipated, we must use suppurative medicines, such as wheat-flour, with the decoction of dried figs and oil, and the application made from pollen and that from leaven. When the aposteme is converted into pus, we may evacuate it either by opening it, or produce its rupture by means of an acrid medicine, such as that called smilium, or that from garlic. The milder kinds of parotis are discussed by a fomentation of salt water, or the composition from Aperanus. This medicine is calculated to discuss the converted pus, and to prove very anodyne. For inveterate cases of parotis, we may apply the ashes of burnt buccinæ, or purpuræ, with honey or axunge, or figs boiled in sea water, or horehound with salts. Hard ones are softened by the composition of Mnasæus, and that of Ariobarzan; but one of the best applications is that formed from the juice of linseed. But before using these, we are to apply cataplasms of ammoniac, mixing with them liquid pitch, bull’s fat, bdellium, storax, or hart’s marrow.
Commentary. The following ancient authors treat of diseases of the ear: Hippocrates (de Affectionibus, et alibi); Galen (Sec. Loc. iii); Celsus (vi, 7); Oribasius (de Loc. Aff. iv); Aëtius (vi, 74 et seq.); Alexander (iii); Scribonius Largus; Marcellus (de Med. 9); Nonnus (74 et seq.); Cælius Aurelianus (de Tard. Pass. ii, 3); Actuarius (Meth. Med. iv, 10); Pliny (Hist. Nat. xxviii, 48); Octavius Horatianus (i, 7); Mesue (de Ægr. Aurium); Avenzoar (i, 4); Serapion (2); Avicenna (i, iii, 4); Albucasis (ii); Haly Abbas (Theor. ix, 14; Pract. v, 62); Alsaharavius (Pract. iii); Phases (ad Mansor. ix; Contin. iii.)
For relieving earach Hippocrates recommends the warm bath and fomentations; and when these do not succeed, phlegmagogues and masticatories are to be used.