For worn teeth. For worn teeth, apply, of bay-berries, of fissile alum, of the climbing birthwort, equal parts.
For corroded gums. Of the flowers of roses, dr. viij; of galls, dr. iv; of myrrh, dr. ij. Erosions and running from the gums are cured by washing with asses’ milk, the decoction of olive leaves, or vinegar of squills; or by the following dry applications: the rust of iron, and flowers of the cultivated pomegranate. For swelling and fungous flesh of the gums, the juice of purslain retained in the mouth, the brine of pickled olives, warm oil of unripe olives, or lentisk oil, or oil of apples, or lees of oil, are applicable; and the following powders: the rust of iron or copper, the roots of birthwort, the seed of plantain, diphryges, calcined copperas, pomegranate flowers.
For fissures of the lips. Rub with boiled lees of oil. Or this: Of geese fat, with honey and turpentine, equal parts; of the flowers of roses, of the sordes of unwashed wool, of rose-oil, a small quantity.
On the disease called ranula. Ranula is an inflammatory swelling which forms below the tongue, particularly in children; wherefore rub the part with equal parts of misy and scraped verdigris (xyston) in powder; and to the chin apply the plasters called antherum, sphærium, and the parygrum from eggs. But, in adults, divide the veins below the tongue in the first place.—Another, (it answers likewise with aphthæ): Of scraped verdigris, of galls, of chalcitis, equal parts. With must it will form a gargle.—Another: Having previously rubbed with the flour of tares and honey, anoint with galls triturated in honey, or with the flowers of roses in like manner, or rinse the mouth with a decoction of olive leaves.
For inflammation of the tonsils. If the tonsils and uvula be inflamed in a fever, the most proper gargles are the decoctions of bran, or of roses, or of dates, or of Sebesten plums, or of dried lentil. When the inflammation is at its acme, or is on the decline, we may mix with them some honey, which we must not do at the commencement, nor during its increase, lest, by its acrid nature, it attract a defluxion. If it suppurate and burst, the patient must gargle with honied water, or with the decoction of lentil, or of roses, persevering until it is completely resolved; or we may give him to gargle some of the mixtures for rinsing the mouth. If pestilential ulcers in the tonsils take place, we may use the afore-mentioned remedies, and particularly apply the gargle from mulberries with hot water, or hydromel, having the flowers of roses sprinkled upon it, or costus or sumach, either in powder, or in a decoction; or a decoction of the dried leaves of horned poppy. It is bitter, and it answers best if you dissolve the juice, as we use it for collyria, in honied water. It may also be used with advantage by blowing in the dry herb, or applying it upon the finger. Care must be taken not to touch it with the hand, or, at least, it should be very gently. The trochisk of Andron is also of service. After the irritation from these things is removed, they should use a gargle of liquorice, or that from Scybelitic wine, and of saffron, and of Chian mastich, and of myrrh, and afterwards of starch and tragacanth. When the ulcer has stopped spreading, they may use a gargle of milk and Samian earth.—Another, for antiades: Pound sweet pomegranate along with its peel, and mix six parts of its expressed juice with one of honey, boil to the consistence of honey, and anoint.—Another: Of immature galls, oz. ij; of fissile alum, oz. j; of burnt sal ammoniac, oz. j; touch with it in powder.—Another: Of galls, dr. viij; of misy, dr. ij; of roasted salts, dr. v; use in powder. Antias is a scirrhous swelling of the tonsils.
On the uvula. When the uvula is inflamed, we must use the gargles recommended for inflammation of the tonsils, and those of a moderately astringent nature, such as the juice of pomegranate, applied by means of a small spoon, or the surgical instrument invented for the purpose; and these things may be applied either by themselves, or with moderately boiled honey, or the liquorice root may be mixed with the pomegranate juice. The juice of the liquorice root enveloped in honey also answers well. The swelling may be repressed by the following substances: blood-stone, the Phrygian stone burnt, agerat, the composition from Phrygian stone used for complaints of the pudenda; also Samian earth, Eretrian, Sinopic reddle, the Lemnian earth, the oil of unripe olives by itself, or with some of these; and the fruit of the Egyptian thorn, and fissile alum. The seed and leaves of roses act more mildly, but still more so gum traganth, sarcocolla, and starch, which we must use, if pained when repressed by astringents. When the swelling is of equal thickness throughout, in which case we call the disease columella, we must trust to the gargles prepared from myrrh, saffron, and cyperus, and avoid all pressure, and rather anoint with a feather. The following composition answers well: Of Syrian sumach, dr. viij; of saffron, dr. iv; of costus, dr. viij; of rose-seed dr. iv. It may also be applied to the gums. But a thread of a sea-purple colour which has been bound round the neck of a viper, and strangled her, has wonderful effects as an amulet in relieving affections of the tonsils and neck, as Galen testifies.
For hemorrhages from the mouth. Apply the pounded leaves of leeks; or, dip a new piece of sponge in raw pitch, burn, pulverize, and use. It is also beneficial to rinse the mouth with a cold decoction of green or dried roses, that of vine tendrils, or of the leaves of lentisk, or of bramble, or of quinces, or of roses, or of grape-stones, or of lentils.
Commentary. All the authors referred to in [the twenty-third section] may be consulted.
On the teeth. Galen, in particular, deserves to be consulted on diseases of the teeth, which he has treated of very fully in the fifth book of his work ‘De Med. sec. loc.’ He very properly combats the opinion, which we still sometimes hear maintained, that the teeth themselves are devoid of sensibility. He states that, once having toothach, he felt his tooth not only painful but throbbing. One of the best of our modern writers on the teeth, Eustachius, justly remarks that the teeth have a nerve of considerable magnitude distributed upon them, and are in fact possessed of exquisite sensibility. When the teeth ach, Galen says the strongest medicines are indicated, in order to repel and discuss the exciting cause. Most of these are to be prepared with acrid vinegar. He then gives from Archigenes a long list of compositions for allaying the pain of toothach, from which most of those mentioned by our author are taken. One of the articles which most frequently occurs in them is alum, a solution of which in the spirit of nitre was lately much cried up as a cure for toothach. Of the great number of substances recommended to be put into the hole of the carious tooth it is difficult to form a judgment, as most of them are now never tried in such cases. Some of them seem plausible applications. One consists of pellitory with myrrh; another of opium and pepper; others contain ginger, poppy-juice, hyoscyamus, galbanum, castor, &c. He approves of hot fomentations, and of the heated flour of barley or linseed applied to the cheek. He speaks favorably of filling the hole in the tooth with hot wax. When part of a tooth projects, it is to be filed down with an iron file. For pains of the gums he recommends fomentations with vinegar, in which henbane has been boiled. Of dentifrices he has treated at considerable length, and it is from him that our author takes his list.