The Attic κοτύλη was one half of the ξέστης. It is also called τρύβλιον.
The ὀξύβαφον was a measure answering to the Roman acetabulum. Pliny saith it was the 4th part of the hemina. (H. N. xv, c. ult.) Hesychius saith it was called ἄις, ἄλις, βάφιον, and γάβενον.
Κύαθος was the 12th part of the ξέστης.
Κόγχη was so called from a shell. There were a greater and a less. The greater was equal to the oxybaphum, and the lesser to one half of the cyathus.
Μύστρον, or μύστλον, so called from μῦς. Of this measure there were two kinds, the greater of which was the 16th part of the cotyla, and the lesser the 4th part of the cyathus. The mystrum is called βάρβος by Hesychius.
Χήμη was so named from a shell-fish. There was a greater or rustic cheme, the 20th part of the cotyla; but the lesser, which the physicians used, was the 30th part of the cotyla.
The κοχλιάριον, in Latin, cochlear, was the smallest measure for liquids: it is equal to one half of the cheme. See the Table.
Greek Measures of things Dry. Μέδιμνος, or μέδιμνον, was a measure for dry things, such as wheat, barley, flour, &c., and contained 48 chœnices.
Χοῖνιξ is a dry measure containing 3 cotylæ, and so was 1½ of the ξέστης: κοτύλη, ὀξύβαφον, κύαθος, and κοχλιάριον were also used as measures for things dry. Their capacity and proportion to one another is the same as when they are measures for liquids, which have been shown already.
The Roman Measures of Capacity. The amphora, which contained 8 congii, was the cube of a pes, or foot. The congius itself, the cube of ½ foot. The pes being settled, as equal to 11·604 inches, its cube 1562·5112, gives the contents of the amphora in solid inches; and divided by 8, gives 195·3139 inches for that of the congius.