Data on Hudson's tragic voyages come from Purchas His Pilgrimes and the Hakluyt Society Publications for 1860 edited by Asher. Jens Munck's voyage is best related in the Hakluyt Publications for 1897. Laut's Pathfinders of the West gives fullest details of Radisson's various voyages. The French State Papers for 1670-1700 in the Canadian Archives give full details of the international quarrels over Radisson's activities. On the d'Iberville raids, the French State Papers are again the ultimate authorities, though supplemented by the Jesuit Relations of those years. The Colonial Documents of New York State (16 vols.), edited by O'Callaghan, give details of French raids on Hudson Bay. Radisson's various petitions will be found in Laut's Conquest of the Great North-West. These are taken from the Public Records, London, and from the Hudson's Bay Company's Archives. Chouart's letters are found in the Documents de la Nouvelle France, Tome I—1492-1712. Father Sylvie, a Jesuit who accompanied the de Troyes expedition, gives the fullest account of the overland raids. These are supplemented by the affidavits of the captured Englishmen (State Papers, Public Records, London), by La Potherie's Histoire de l'Amérique, by Jeremie's account in the Bernard Collection of Amsterdam, and by the Relations of Abbé Belmont and Dollier de Casson. The reprint of the Radisson Journals by the Prince Society of Boston deserves commendation as a first effort to draw attention to Radisson's achievements; but the work is marred by the errors of an English copyist, who evidently knew nothing of Western Indian names and places, and very plainly mixed his pages so badly that national events of 1660 are confused with events of 1664, errors ascribed to Radisson's inaccuracy. Benjamin Sulte, the French-Canadian historian, in a series of papers for the Royal Society of Canada has untangled this confusion.
Robson's Hudson's Bay gives details of the 1754 period; but Robson was a dismissed employee of the Company, and his Relation is so full of bitterness that it is not to be trusted. The events of the search for a North-West Passage and the Middleton Controversy are to be found in Ellis's Voyage of the Dobbs and California (1748) and the Parliamentary Report of 1749. Later works by fur traders on the spot or descendants of fur traders—such as Gunn, Hargreaves, Ross—refer casually to this early era and are valuable for local identification, but quite worthless for authentic data on the period preceding their own lives. This does not impair the value of their records of the time in which they lived. It simply means that they had no data but hearsay on the early period.
See also in this Series: The Blackrobes; The Great Intendant; The Fighting Governor; Pathfinders of the Great Plains; Pioneers of the Pacific; Adventurers of the Far North; The Red River Colony.
INDEX
Albanel, Father, at Rupert, [51].
Albemarle, Duke of, member of Hudson's Bay Company, [36].
Allen, Captain, take Port Nelson from French, [96];
killed, [97].
Arlington, Earl of, [36].
Assiniboines, or Stone Boilers, tribe of Indians, [29], [104], [106], [112], [115].
Baffin Bay, named after mate of Bylot's ship, [21].
Bailey, Captain, sent to Nelson, [94];
defends fort, [95];
surrenders, [101]-[102].
Bayley, Charles, governor of Rupert, [48];
on cruise with Radisson, [51];
accuses Radisson and Groseilliers of duplicity, [52].
Blackfeet Indians, [115], [116].
Bond, Captain, [68];
sails for Hudson Bay, [73];
captured by d'Iberville, [92].
Boston, Radisson and Groseilliers at, [32].
Bridgar, John, governor of Rupert, [60];
taken prisoner by Radisson, [63];
released by La Barre, [64];
again governor, [74];
ship captured by d'Iberville, [83]-[84].
Button, Thomas, sent to search for Hudson, [21].
Bylot, Robert, his search for Hudson, [21].
Cadotte Rapids, [120].
Carteret, Sir George, commissioner, takes Radisson and Groseilliers
to England, [34].
Charles II receives Radisson and Groseilliers, [34], [36].
Charlton Island, where Hudson probably set adrift, [18];
Captain James winters at, [27];
spies marooned, [79].
Chateauguay, d'Iberville's brother, killed at Nelson, [95].
Chesnaye, Aubert de la, fur trader, [54];
fits out expedition, [55].
Chouart, Jean, helps La Chesnaye's expedition, [55];
tricked on board 'Happy Return,' [69];
joins Hudson's Bay Company with the intention of betraying it, [70]-[72].
Churchill, Lord, Duke of Marlborough, governor of Hudson's Bay Company,
[42], [73], [80].
Churchill, port, discovery of, [23];
Danes winter at, [24];
fur traders at, [26];
strength of fort at, [107].
Colbert, minister of France, [53]-[54].
Cold Rapids, [120].
Colleton, Sir Peter, [36].
Columbia river, explorers on, [7].
Company of the North, [55]-[56], [72].
Craven, Earl of, [36].
Crooked Rapids, [120].
Dablon, Father, ascends the Saguenay, [28].
Danby Island, [19].
Denonville, M. de, governor of New France, [76].
Dering, Sir Edward, rewarded for pushing claim against France, [90].
Digges, English merchant adventurer, [9];
finances search for Hudson, [21], [22].
Dobbs, Arthur, and the North-West Passage, [110]-[112].
Drax, Lady Margaret, [36].
Drueilletes, father, ascends the Saguenay, [28].
Evance, Sir Stephen, governor of Hudson's Bay Company, [74], [81], [92].
Fletcher, Captain, [98], [100]-[101].
Fort Albany, [74], [75], [107];
Péré imprisoned in, [79].
Fort Charles, established by Groseilliers, [39], [49].
Fort Chipewyan, [6].
Fort Edmonton, [7].
Fort Frances, story of a resident of, [19].
Fort Garry, [1].
Fort La Corne, [120].
Fort Moose, [47], [81], [83], [107].
Fox, Captain, [26], [27].
Frontenac, governor of New France, [51];
meets Radisson and Groseilliers, [55].
Geyer, Captain, [68].
Gibbon, Captain, [21].
Gillam, Ben, [58];
arrested in Boston, [64];
becomes a pirate and is executed, [64].
Gillam Island, [58].
Gillam, Zachariah, Boston sea captain, [32];
in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, [35], [37], [39], [48];
at Fort Charles, [52];
perishes, [61].
Gorst, Thomas, secretary of the Hudson's Bay Company, [35];
sails for Hudson Bay, [48].
Grand Rapids, [3], [4];
portage, [6].
Greene, Henry, with Hudson, [10], [15];
mutiny, [17];
death, [20].
Grimmington, Mike, with Ben Gillam, [59];
with the Hudson's Bay Company, [68], [73];
taken prisoner, [78];
re-captures Albany, [93];
sent to Hudson Bay, [98], [100];
flees to Nelson, [101];
sails for England with refugees, [102].
Groseilliers, Medard Chouart des, French pathfinder, [27];
veteran of Jesuit missions, [28];
goes to Hudson Bay with Radisson, [29], [30];
goes to France for redress for seizure of furs, [31];
returns to Three Rivers, [32];
goes to Anticosti, Port Royal, and Boston, [32];
presented to Charles II, [34];
receives gold chain and medal, [36];
explores Hudson Bay country, [39];
with 1670 expedition, [48];
back in England demanding better terms, [53];
goes to New France, [54];
on fur-trading expedition, [56];
returns to Quebec and to France, [64], [65];
retires to home near Three Rivers, [66].
Hannah Bay, [12],
d'Iberville crosses, [83].
Hayes river, named by Radisson, [49], [57].
Hayes, Sir James, secretary to Prince Rupert, [36], [37];
meets Radisson, [67].
Hearne, hears fate of Knight's party, [109].
Hendry, Anthony, his inland journey on behalf of the Company, [112]-[122].
Henley House, [107].
Hudson, Henry, his search for North-West Passage, [9]-[13];
shipwrecked, [13];
his hard time on shore with mutinous crew, [13]-[16];
cast adrift, [18];
traditions as to end, [18], [19].
Hudson's Bay Company, dog brigades of, [1]-[2];
extent of empire, [6]-[7];
origin and formation of, [34]-[50];
engages Radisson, [67];
dividends and vessels of, [72]-[75], [102];
disastrous conflicts with the French, [75]-[88], [92]-[102];
activities of in council, [89]-[90];
claims damages against France, [91];
their charter confirmed, [103]-[104];
forts restored by Treaty of Utrecht, [107];
commissions James Knight to find North-West Passage, [108]-[110];
parliamentary inquiry into charter and record of, [110].
Hume, Captain, [73];
taken prisoner to Quebec, [78];
ransomed, [80].
Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne d', his raids in Hudson Bay, [83]-[84], [92]-[93];
attacks and takes Port Nelson, [94]-[95];
in command of five French warships, [97]-[98];
naval battle on Hudson Bay, [99]-[101];
again takes Nelson, [101]-[102].
Isham, James, governor of York, [122].
James, Captain, [18];
searches for North-West Passage, [26];
meets Captain Fox and winters on Charlton Island, [27].
James, Duke of York (James II), [36], [42].
Jesuits, their expedition overland to Hudson Bay, [28].
Juet, mate of 'Discovery,' [10];
mutinies, [12], [17];
death, [20].
Kelsey, Henry, [68];
sent to Nelson, [94];
defends fort, [95], [101];
his journey of exploration, [104]-[106];
searches for Knight, [109].
Kirke, Sir John, [35], [36];
his claim against France, [54].
Knight, James, [81];
governor of Albany, [94];
commissioned to find North-West Passage, [108];
his fate, [109].
La Barre, governor of New France, [63]-[64].
La Chesnaye, fur trader, in attack on Hudson Bay posts, [81], [84]-[87] .
La Forest, surrenders at Nelson, [96].
La Martinière, [75], [76], [80].
La Vérendrye, establishes fur-trading posts on Red river, [112].
Le Meux, Captain, surrenders at Fort Albany, [93].
Le Moyne brothers, adventurers of New France, [79], [81]-[83].
See Iberville, Serigny, and Chateauguay.
Middleton, Captain, and the North-West Passage, [111].
Moon, Captain, [93], [111].
Munck, Jens, winters with ship at Churchill, [23]-[24];
record of voyage, [24]-[26].
Nelson, Port, Button's crew encamped at, [21];
fur post, [81];
captured, [101];
restored, [107].
See York Factory.
Nepawin, [121].
New France, explorers of, [27];
Jesuits in, [28];
fur trade of, [29].
Nixon, governor at Moose, [74], [75].
Northern Lights, [14] note.
North-West Passage, [9], [22], [40], [107], [108], [110], [111].
Norton, Moses, [108].
Norton, Richard, [108].
Outlaw, Captain John, [58], [68], [73], [77].
Pepys, Samuel, [38].
Péré, Jean, taken prisoner, [78], [79], [84];
his release demanded, [86].
Phipps, William, governor of Port Nelson, [68], [74].
Portman, John, [35].
Radisson, Pierre Esprit, explorer, [8], [19];
hears of Sea of the North, [27];
refused permission to trade, [29];
leaves Three Rivers by night, [29];
goes to Hudson Bay, [29], [30];
furs seized by governor at Quebec, [31];
goes to Port Royal and Boston, [32];
presented to Charles II in England, [34];
receives gold chain and medal, [36];
and the Hudson's Bay Company, [40];
made general superintendent of trade, [48];
returns to England, [49], marries Mary Kirke, [49];
suspected of treachery at Rupert, [51]-[52];
returns to England, [53];
joins French Navy, [53];
goes again to New France, [54];
leads French expedition to Bay, [55]-[57];
explores Hayes river, [57];
captures Ben Gillam's fort, [61];
captures Bridgar, [62];
sets out for Quebec with prisoners and booty, [63];
La Barre strips him of ship and booty [64];
returns to Paris, [65];
ordered by France to return fur posts to Hudson's Bay Company, [66];
takes oath of allegiance to England, [67];
returns to the Bay, [68];
returns to England, [70];
goes again to Hudson Bay, [73];
reappointed superintendent of trade, [74];
price set on his head by France, [76];
his claims for services repudiated, [91];
assists Company in claim for damages, [91]-[92];
death, [106].
Randolph, Mr, of the American Plantations, [64].
Robinson, Sir John, [35], [36].
Romulus, Peter, surgeon, [35], [48].
Rupert, [81];
captured by French, [84],
Rupert, Prince, [36], [42].
Rupert's Land, taken over by Dominion Government, [123].
Ryswick, Treaty of, [91], [102].
St John, Lake, Jesuit mission near, [28].
Sandford, Red Cap, [76], [81].
Sargeant, Henry, Governor at Albany, [74], [75];
attacked by French [86];
surrenders, [87].
Saskatchewan river, [2], [7];
description, [113]-[115], [118]-[121].
Serigny, d'Iberville's brother, [96], [101].
Shaftsbury, Earl of, [36].
Smithsend, Captain, [73];
taken prisoner, [78];
from a dungeon in Quebec sends a letter of warning to England, [79];
reaches England, [81];
sails for Hudson Bay, [98], [100];
surrenders ship to d'Iberville, [101];
escapes to Nelson, [101] note;
goes to Albany, [102].
Sorrel, Dame, helps to finance French expedition to Hudson Bay, [55].
Squaw Rapids, [120].
Stannard, Captain, [37].
Strangers, River of, [26].
Three Rivers, Radisson and Groseilliers return to, [27], [28], [66].
Troyes, Chevalier de, [79], [81], [83], [85].
Utrecht, Treaty of, [107].
Vaughan, Captain, [108].
Viner, Sir Robert, [35], [36].
William of Orange, [90].
Winnipeg, [1].
Wolstenholme, English merchant, [9];
financed search for Hudson, [21], [22].
York Factory, [113] and note [117].
See Nelson.
Young, Mr, [35], [67], [91].
Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty
at the Edinburgh University Press
FOOTNOTES:
[1]The Northern Lights