[145]. Sympos. 209A; Phileb. 56C.
[146]. Protag. 321E.
[147]. Rep. 420E, 421C; Laws 779A, 807A-E, 808C. The passages in the Laws apply particularly to the work of the soldier and the citizen. Cf. Ruskin, Unto This Last, I, 22 (Vol. XVII, 40) for a similar idea that the function of the laborer is not primarily to draw his pay, but to do his work well.
[148]. Rep. 433A.
[149]. Rep. 552A, C, 564E; cf. Laws 901A, where he refers to the passage in Hesiod’s Erga 304: κηφηνέσσι κοθούροις. Cf. p. [27], n. 1, above. Poehlmann (op. cit., II, 87 f.) points to Plato’s demand that woman be freed, so that the total number of free workers may be increased, but Plato is thinking only of the ruling class.
[150]. Laws 918B-919C, referring to retail trade; but if he could admit it for this, he surely could for the industries. Cf. Aristotle’s passage on liberal and illiberal work (Pol. 1337b5-22).
[151]. Mun. Pul., V, 105 and note (Vol. XVII, 234 f.), where he refers to Plato’s diminutive, ἄνθρωπίσκοι, as applied to laborers (Rep. 495C; Laws 741E); Time and Tide, 103 (Vol. XVII, 402), 127 (p. 423 and note); Crown of Wild Olive, 2 (Vol. XVIII, 388), on the furnace; Lectures on Art, IV, 123 (Vol. XX, 113); on the evil effects of arts needing fire, as iron-working, where Xen. Econ. iv. 2, 3 is cited. He makes frequent reference to the Greek attitude, e.g., Vol. XVIII, 241, 461, and above. But he was not absolutely opposed to machinery; cf. Cestus Aglaia, 33 for what is called the finest eulogy of a machine in English literature. He even anticipated the great future mechanical development (Mun. Pul., 17).
[152]. Stones of Venice (Vol. X, 201); cf. also IV, 6 (Vol. XI, 202 f.), where he cites Plato Alc. I. 129.
[153]. Fors. Clav., VII, 9 (Vol. XIX, 230).
[154]. Cf. Vol. XXVII, Intro., p. lxv.