[165]. 371C.
[166]. 371B; Laws 918B.
[167]. Rep. 370E-371A. In the Laws, he does not extend the principle to international trade. Cf. Bonar, op. cit., p. 17.
[168]. Poehlmann (op. cit., II, 185 f.) notes a contradiction between Plato’s insistence upon the division of labor and his desire for the simple life. But the philosopher is aware of this, and knows that the simpler ideal is impossible. Cf. V. Brants, Revue de l’instr. pub. en Belg., XXVI (1883), 102-4, on the fact of the extensive division of labor in Athenian industry.
[169]. δεμιουργοὺς ἐλευθερίας; Rep. 395C, 434A-D; cf. also 420B-421B. In the Laws, the artisans and traders are non-citizens (846D, 847A, 918B-C), not because of prejudice primarily, but for the sake of better government.
[170]. Rep. 374B-E.
[171]. 395A-B; cf. Adam’s note to 395A, explaining Sympos. 223D, where Plato asserts the opposite. He thinks Plato is speaking ideally in the Republic passage, but here of the actual fact. But cf. Shorey, Unity, etc., p. 78, n. 597.
[172]. Rep. 433A-B, D, 434A-D, 432A, 443-444A, 396D-E; Charm. 161E. In his broad application of the law, he has advanced beyond Adam Smith. Cf. Souchon, op. cit., p. 81 and n. 2.
[173]. Rep. 397E-398A.
[174]. 443C-D; cf. Nettleship Lectures on the Republic of Plato, p. 71.