The Southern South

by Albert Bushnell Hart

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INDEX

A
Abbott, E. H., articles by, on Southern question, [18].
Advance system on cotton plantations, [268];
lien loans, [268];
impositions, [269-270], [272];
specimen accounts, [271];
Christmas money, [272].
Africa, negroes in, [94-97].
See also [Colonization].
Afro-American as name for Negro, [92].
Agriculture.
Southern crops, [24], [220];
poor white farmers and tenants, [41], [45];
foreign laborers, [57];
white small farmers, [60];
negro life, [115-116];
Negroes as laborers, [127];
farms owned by Negroes, [144-145];
amount of negro products, [145];
actual wealth of Southern states, [220-221];
population [221];
reclamation of swamps, [221];
comparative wealth of seceding states, [237-238];
of whole South, [241];
comparative value of cotton and other Southern crops, [251].
See also [Cotton].
Alabama.
Mining, [24];
Republican party, [173];
negro voters, [176];
leasing of convicts, [201];
contract law and peonage, [283];
illiteracy, [293];
per-capita school tax, [295];
comparative statistics, [395-415].
Albany, Ga., negro school near, [312].
Alderman, E. A., and negro progress, [179].
Alexander’s Magazine, [18].
Alexandria, La., Italians at, [56].
Amalgamation of races.
Evil of, [157];
determination against, [344], [349].
See also [Miscegenation], [Mulattoes].
American Colonization Society and Liberia, [96], [97].
See also [Colonization].
American Magazine, articles in, on race question, [18].
Americus, Ga., as trade center, [26].
Amusements, negro, [116].
Andersonville, Ga., statue to Wirz in, [88].
Andrew, J. A., protest of, against class prejudice, [165].
Appalachian Forest Reserve, proposed, [223].
Architecture, Southern standard of, [26], [304].
Arizona, comparative statistics of, [395-415].
Arkansas.
Illiteracy, [293];
comparative statistics, [395-415].
Armstrong, S. C., and Hampton Institute, [334].
See also [Hampton].
Art galleries in South, [304].
Assessment. See [Taxation].
Association of Colleges, [300].
Atlanta.
Size, [28];
progress, [29], [242];
foreign population, [51];
negro population, [107];
race riot, [206], [390].
Atlanta, University of.
Conferences, [131], [389];
founding, [309].
See also [Colleges].
Atlanta Evening News and race riot, [206].
Atlanta Georgian, on lynching, [213].
Augusta, Ga., water power of, [26].
Austin.
Capitol, [27];
progress, [29].
Avary, Myrta L., on educational value of slavery, [84].
B
Baker, R. S., articles by, on race question, [18].
Baldwin Co., Ala., Northerners in, [48].
Bale, cotton.
Making, [259];
round, [259];
careless construction, [274].
Baltimore.
Foreign population, [51];
as port, [229], [233];
schools, [296], [315].
Banishment of Negroes, [195], [205], [206].
Banking, Southern, [225];
comparative statistics of, [236], [238], [402-403];
and cotton culture, [263];
need of savings banks, [376].
Baptist Church, negro, [117].
“Basket-name,” [138].
Bassett, J. S., and race problem, [72], [345].
Beaufort County, S. C., negro suffrage in, [176].
See also [Sea Islands].
“Before Day Clubs,” [190].
Bell, of Alabama.
Plantation, [254];
and negro uplift, [373].
Benevolent institutions, comparative statistics of, North and South, [237], [406-407].
Benson settlement, [141], [371].
Berea College and negro education, [317].
Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, Duke, on cotton seed, [260].
Bibliography of Southern problem, [7-19];
bibliographies, [7];
anti-negro works, [8-12];
conservative Southern books, [12-14];
works by Negroes, [14-17];
monographic studies, [17];
magazine articles, [18];
necessity of first-hand investigation, [19].
Birmingham, Ala.
Iron trade, [25];
progress, [29], [242].
Birmingham Age Herald on punishment of vagrancy, [383].
Black-and-tan Republicans, [173].
Black Belt.
Extent, [21];
manufactures, [25];
trade centers, [26];
richness of soil, [220].
Blount College and coeducation, [290].
Blowing Rock, N. C., view from, [31].
“Bohunks,” [54].
“Boomer” described, [34].
Boyd, J. E., and peonage, [285].
Brawley, W. H., and peonage, [285].
Brookhaven, Miss., violence in, [199], [211], [212], [214].
Brown, W. G., “Lower South,” [14].
Brownsville incident, [129], [194].
Bruce, P. A., on Virginians of seventeenth century, [82].
Bruce, R. C., as leader, [371].
Brunswick, Ga., as port, [22], [229].
Business.
Leadership in South, [62];
Negroes in, [130].
C
Cairo, Ill., mob in, [207].
Calhoun, J. C., Northern education of, [290].
Calhoun, Ala.
Negro community, [141];
school, [318], [389].
California.
School expenditures, [295];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Cann, Judge, on concealment of negro criminals, [193].
Capital, in South, [225];
comparative statistics of banking, [402-403];
of manufacturing, [404-405].
Carnegie Educational Fund and Southern colleges, [300].
Catholic Church and Negroes, [117].
Cavaliers, myth of Southern descent from, [81].
Census Bureau, data from, [235].
See also [Population].
Ceylon, advance system in, [272].
Chain gangs in South, [200].
Chamberlain, D. H., on lynching, [213].
Charleston.
As port, [22], [229];
character, [28];
negro morality, [108];
Crum incident, [171].
Charleston News and Courier, character of, [70].
Chattanooga, lynching at, [212].
Chesnutt, C. W., as writer, [15], [325].
Child labor in South, [264].
Chinese and South, [54].
“Christmas money,” [272].
Churchill, W. S., on Negroes in Africa, [95].
Cities.
Chief Southern, [22];
growth of smaller Southern, [26];
effect on Whites and Negroes, [27];
urban population of South, [28];
progress of Southern, [28];
negro life, [114], [167];
schools, [291], [296], [314], [315].
Civil War.
Poor Whites and, [40];
present Southern attitude toward secession, [84];
towards Northern leaders, [85];
belief in impoverishment through emancipation, [86];
Andersonville and statue of Wirz, [88];
negro soldiers, [129].
Clay Eaters, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Clearings, bank, comparative statistics of, North and South, [402-403].
Climate of South, [24], [25].
Coal in South, [224], [225].
Cole, peonage case, [282].
Colleges, Southern.
Antebellum, [290];
present development, [292], [302];
comparative statistics, [296], [300], [414-415];
for women, [301], [302];
ranking institutions, [302];
state university funds, [302];
and politics, [302];
Northern instructors, [303];
endowments, [307];
postbellum negro, [309];
character of negro, [315], [317];
need of negro, [317], [336];
number of negro graduates, [318];
objections to negro, [331-332];
academic versus industrial training for Negroes, [332-336].
Collier’s Weekly on Southern progress, [247].
Colonization of Negroes.
Attempts, [96-97];
not a solution of race problem, [350-352].
Colorado, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Colored person as name for Negro, [92].
Columbia, S. C.
Water power, [26];
progress, [29];
manufacturing output, [276].
Columbus, Ga., water power in, [26].
Commerce.
Southern ports, [22], [228-229];
South and Panama Canal, [22];
Southern inland centers, [26];
of Liberia, [96];
Southern inland transportation, [226-230];
through Southern ports, [233];
and race separation, [357].
Concealed weapons, carrying of, in South, [37], [64], [196], [216].
Conferences, negro, [131], [389].
Congress, no interference by, in race problem, [347-348].
Consumption, negro mortality, [108].
Convicts.
Number, North and South, [197];
Southern treatment, [200-202], [286].
Coöperative Educational Association of Virginia, [306].
Corbin, Austin, Sunny Side plantation, [57], [256], [281].
Cordova, S. C., and negro education, [327].
Corn, comparative value of crops of, [237], [241], [242], [248], [251].
Cotton.
Extent of belt, [21], [252];
Southern manufactures, [25], [274], [276];
Poor Whites and manufacture, [45], [275];
foreign and negro cultivators, [58];
value of crop, [237], [241], [248];
making of, [250-260];
Southern claim of importance, [250];
monopolizes Southern interest, [250];
compared with other Southern crops, [251-252];
and race problem, [252], [261], [267];
history, prices, [252];
staples, [252];
fertilizing, [253];
application of term plantation, [253-255];
types of plantations, [255-256];
white laborers, [255], [262], [264], [267];
labor system, [257], [261];
cultivation, [257-258];
yield per acre, [258];
ginning and baling, [258], [274];
round bale, [259];
seed as product, [260];
hands, [261-277];
independent negro raisers, [262];
relation of negro hands to plantation, [262], [266];
character of labor, [263];
management of plantation, [263-264];
working division of plantations, [264];
renters, croppers, and wage hands, [265-266];
extra work, [266];
instability of negro laborers, [266];
negro monopoly of labor, [267], [277];
necessity of training of laborers, [267], [273], [274];
complaints of negro hands, [267];
advance system and its effect, [268-273];
wastefulness of culture and distribution, [273];
selection of seed, [274];
culture and practical peonage, [279].
Cotton seed.
Seed trust of Sea Island staple, [252];
value as product, [260];
selection, [274].
“Cotton-weed,” [256].
Courts.
Conduct of criminal trials in South, [198-199];
suggestion of negro, [383].
See also [Crime].
Crackers, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Crime in South.
Mountaineer, [37];
concealed weapons, [37], [64], [196], [216];
mulattoes and, [112];
and its penalties, [181-204];
in North, [183];
Northern ideas of Southern, [184];
proportion of homicides, [184], [197];
character of white homicides, [185];
criminality of Negroes, [186-189];
negro education and, [186], [189], [192], [328], [334], [343], [387];
Negroes and organized, [189];
conditions promoting negro, [190];
Before Day Clubs, [190];
negro assault on white women, [191-193], [208];
concealment of negro criminals, [193];
criminal example of Whites, [194], [207];
whipping of Negroes, [194], [205];
banishment of Negroes, [195], [205], [206];
homicide of Negroes by Whites, [195-196];
treatment of Negroes by police, [196];
relative convictions, North and South, [197];
conduct of murder trials, [198];
negro trials and protection, [199];
chain gangs, [200];
prisons, [201];
leasing of convicts, [201], [286];
prison reform, [202];
pardons, [203];
white responsibility for inefficient criminal justice, [203];
race riots, [205-208];
lynching, [208-217], [361-365];
prevalence, [216];
influences working against, [216];
and race animosity, [339];
preventative measures for negro, [381-384];
comparative statistics of prisoners, North and South, [406-407].
See also [Peonage].
Croppers on cotton plantations, [266].
Crum, W. D., opposition to appointment of, [171].
Cuba, Negroes in, [98].
Cullman, Ala., excludes Negroes, [167].
Cutler, J. E., on lynching, [191], [208], [362].
D
Dallas, progress, [29].
Davis, Jeff, as political leader, [63].
Davis, Jefferson, on Southland, [2].
Dayton plantation, [255].
Death-rate, negro, [107-110].
Debts, comparative public, of South, [246].
Delaware, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Democratic party, effect of control of, in South, [72], [173], [174].
Deposits, bank, comparative, statistics of, North and South, [402-403].
District of Columbia, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Divorce, negro, [135].
Dixon, Thomas, Jr.
As writer on race question, [9];
on Southern temperament, [68];
on Reconstruction, [86];
on miscegenation, [155];
and suppression of negro development, [180], [345], [370];
on Booker Washington and Tuskegee, [319], [332];
on cost of negro education, [328];
on terrorizing Negroes, [360].
Domestic servants, negro, [124-127].
Domination, negro, as live question, [160].
“Dooley, Mr.” on terrorizing Negroes, [358].
Dothan, Ala., abortive lynching in, [211].
Douglass, Margaret, negro school held by, [309].
Drink.

Negroes and, [109], [117];
Southern manufacture of liquor, [225];
Southern prohibition, [384].
Drug habit, negro, [109].
Du Bois, W. E. B.
Bibliographies of negro question, [8];
as writer and investigator of negro question, [16-17], [114];
literary style, [16], [325];
on race problem, [69];
on gospel of work, [120];
on suffrage and leadership, [131];
on race prejudice, [161];
“Litany of Atlanta,” [207];
on race separation and progress, [318];
on right to education, [325], [333], [336].
Dunbar, P. L.
And negro question, [16];
on unaccountability, [187];
on industry, [372].
Dunleith plantation, [265].
Durham, N. C., tobacco manufacture in, [225].
E
Edmonds, R. H., on Southern potential wealth, [231].
Education, negro.
Illiteracy, [98], [293], [294], [320];
in North, [99];
negro teachers, [130], [314];
and crime, [188], [189], [192], [328], [334], [343], [387];
race separation, [168], [313];
of cotton hands, [267], [273];
problem, [308];
antebellum, [308];
during and after Civil War, [309];
beginning of public schools, [310];
present status of public schools, [310];
white opposition, [311], [323-337];
typical rural schools, [311-313];
refusal of authorities to provide schools, [313];
interaction of poor schools and attendance, [313], [320];
character of urban schools, [314];
secondary and higher, [314];
private schools, white opposition, [315-317], [319], [332];
colleges, [315], [317-318];
boycotting of white teachers, [316];
influence of private schools, [318];
Hampton and Tuskegee and industrial, [319];
question of federal aid, [321], [348];
private funds, [322];
as help in race problem, [320], [385-388];
needs, [320-321], [385-387];
questions of negro capability, [323-327];
question of harmful, [327];
cost to South, [328];
as unreasonable burden on Whites, [328-331];
opposition to academic, [331];
public industrial training, [332];
academic versus industrial, [332-334];
contradictory objections, [333], [337];
professional, [335];
opposition to secondary, [335];
necessity of academic, [336];
fundamental race objection, [336];
negro complaints, [336];
comparative statistics, secondary, North and South, [412-413].
Education, white, in South.
Of Mountaineers, [36], [37];
of Poor Whites, [44];
comparative statistics of seceding states, [237], [248], [294], [408-417];
of whole South, [241], [248], [295], [408-417];
on basis of white population, [295];
divergent views of need, [288];
tradition of culture, [289];
antebellum, [289-290];
postbellum, [290];
development of public schools, [291];
of secondary and higher systems, [292];
normal, [292];
comparative illiteracy, [292-294];
urban schools, [296];
rural schools, [296-299];
rural superintendence, [299];
secondary, [299];
of women, [299], [301];
colleges, [300-303];
professional, [303];
influence of travel, [304];
hopeful conditions, [304], [306];
museums and art galleries, [304];
libraries, [305];
literature, [305];
historical societies, [305];
taxes, [306];
promotive associations, [306];
Northern aid, [306];
federal aid, [307];
standard, [339].
Electric railroads in South, [227].
Eliot, C. W.
On South and Union, [5];
on education in South, [288].
Emancipation, Southern belief in impoverishing effect of, [86], [219].
Eyre, J. E., and negro insurrection, [98].
F
Family life, negro, [116], [324].
Farming. See [Agriculture], [Cotton].
Fenwick’s Island, inhabitants of, [107].
Fernandina as port, [229].
Fertilizing in cotton culture, [253].
Fifteenth Amendment.
Reason for, [175], [376];
present South and, [345].
See also [Suffrage].
Fisheries, Southern, [225].
Fisk University, founding of, [309].
Fitzgerald, Ga.
Northern community, [49];
Negroes excluded, [167], [358].
Flaxseed, Southern crop, [251].
Fleming, W. H., on remedy of race problem, [342], [345].
Florida.
And immigration, [52];
leasing of convicts, [201];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Forests, Southern wealth, [22];
[221-223];
lumbering and advancement of Mountaineers, [36];
lumbering and Poor Whites, [45];
efforts for forest reserve, [223];
naval stores, [223].
Fourteenth Amendment, enforcement of, and race problem, [347].
Freedmen’s Bureau and negro education, [309].
Frontier life of Southern Mountaineers, [23], [33], [37].
G
Gadsden, on South and immigration, [53].
Gallagher peonage case, [280].
Galveston.
As port, [22], [233];
rivalry with New Orleans, [228];
lecture courses, [305].
Gambling, negro, [189].
Garner, J. W.
On agitation of race question, [341];
on legislative remedy of problem, [381];
on negro education and crime, [387].
General Education Board, and Southern education, [300], [306], [307], [390];
and negro schools, [322].
Georgia.
Loss of natives, [47];
valuations, [238];
rural police, [384];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Georgia, University of, standing of, [302].
Ginning of cotton, [259], [274].
Glenn, G. R., on negro capability, [326].
Goldsboro, Fla., negro community at, [142].
Gonzales, N. G., murder of, [185].
Grady, H. W.
On race problem, [69], [151];
on Lincoln, [85];
on faithfulness of slaves in war time, [139];
on race separation, [356].
Graham, Jeffrey, case of descendants of, [156].
Graves, J. T.
On negro advancement, [140], [345], [368], [376];
on negro segregation, [355];
on terrorizing Negroes, [359];
on legal terror, [364].
Greenville, Miss., as trade center, [26].
Griffin, A. P. C., bibliographies of, on negro question, [8].
H
Hammond, Judge, on white duties in race problem, [392].
Hampton, Wade, on coöperation with Negroes, [388].
Hampton Institute.
Opposition, [317];
influence, [319];
justification, [333];
basis of success, [334];
conferences, [389].
Hardy, J. C., on training of cotton laborers, [274].
Harris, J. C., as writer, [305].
Hay, comparative value of Southern crop of, [241], [251].
Hayti, Negroes in, [98].
Health.
Southern, [25];
negro death-rate, [107-110];
mulatto, [111].
Helms, Glenny, peonage case, [284].
Hermitage plantation, [254].
Hill, W. B., and negro development, [179].
Hill Billies, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Historical societies, Southern, [305].
History.
Southern attitude, [80-90];
separate, of antebellum South, [80];
Southern adherence to traditional views, [81];
Cavalier myth, [81];
belief in antebellum prosperity, [82];
and in advantages of slavery to Negroes, [83];
present attitude towards Civil War, [84-85], [88];
towards Reconstruction, [85-88];
towards post-Reconstruction times, [89], [218].
Hoffman, F. L.
“Race traits,” [10];
on negro death-rate, [107-108];
on negro physical inferiority, [132].
Home life. See [Family life].
Horseback riding in South, [23].
Hotels.
Race separation in South, [170];
improvement of Southern, [227].
Houses.
Of Mountaineers, [34], [36];
of Poor Whites, [43];
negro farm, [115], [254-256].
Houston, progress, [29].
Howell, Clark.
Gubernational campaign, [173];
on progress of South, [247], [248].
I
Idaho, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Illinois, comparative statistics of, [399-417].
Illiteracy.
Comparative Southern, [237], [292];
negro, [293], [320];
decreasing, [293-294].
See also [Education].
Immigration, foreign.
And South, [50-58];
foreign population of South, [50];
and antebellum South, [51];
Southern encouragement, [51];
South Carolina’s experiment, [52], [56];
foreign groups in South, [53], [56-57];
obstacles, [54-56];
and negro question, [57];
and cotton laborers, [264], [267];
not remedy of race problem, [353];
and peonage, [353];
and crude labor, [374];
comparative statistics of foreign population, North and South, [398-399].
Indian question, [76].
Indian Territory, comparative statistics of, [399-417].
Indiana.
Colonization of Negroes in, [112];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Indianapolis.
Negro question, [112];
negro schools, [313].
Indianola, Miss., incident of negro postmistress in, [171].
Industrial education of Negro.
Hampton and Tuskegee. [319];
public, [332];
versus academic, [332-334];
dangers, [334].
Industry. See [Agriculture], [Business], [Commerce], [Forests], [Labor], [Manufactures], [Mining], [Wealth].
Insane, comparative statistics of, North and South, [406-407].
Iowa, comparative, statistics of, [397-417].
Iron, Southern mining and manufacture of, [25], [224].
Italians in South, [53], [56-57], [272], [281].
J
Jackson, Miss., capitol at, [27].
Jacksonville as port, [22].
Jamaica, Negroes in, [98].
Jefferson, Thomas, and colonization of Negroes, [350].
Jim Crow cars, [168-171].
Johnson, E. A., on race antagonism, [160].
Jones, T. G., and peonage, [282], [286].
Jones, Tom, Negro, lynched, [213].
Jonesville, La., Dayton plantation near, [255].
Jury duty, Negroes and, [203].
Juvenile criminals in South, [202];
comparative statistics of delinquents, [406-407];
of reform schools, [416-417].
K
Kansas.
Negro migration, [112];
comparative statistics, [395-415].
Kelsey, Carl.
“Negro Farmer,” [17];
on negro immorality, [134], [135].
Kentucky.
Liquor manufacture, [225];
problem of negro education, [307];
taxation for negro schools, [329];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Kowaliga, Ala., negro community at, [141].
Ku-Klux Klan, evil of, [87].
L
Labor.
Of Poor Whites, [45];
in cotton mills, [45], [275];
foreign and negro, [55], [57];
white, on cotton plantations, [57], [255], [262], [264], [267];
negro, in North, [100];
negro, in South, [120-131];
Negroes and gospel of work, [120];
Negroes and unskilled, [120];
white control of negro, [121];
willingness of blacks, [121-124];
negro managers, [123];
negro domestic servants, [124-127];
blacks as farm laborers, [127];
skilled negro, [127], [225], [370];
unions and negro, [128], [370];
whipping on plantations, [194];
manufacture of iron, [224];
influence of Southern, on comparative wealth, [232], [235], [246], [247], [277];
system on cotton plantation, [254], [257], [261];
cotton hands, [261-277];
character, on cotton plantation, [263];
child, in South, [264];
cotton renters, croppers, and wage hands, [265-266];
instability of negro, [266];
negro monopoly of cotton culture, [267], [277];
necessity of training of cotton hands, [267], [273], [274];
negro complaints, [267];
advance system and its effect, [268-273];
peonage in South, [278-287];
postbellum vagrant laws, [279];
Negroes as peasants, [374-376];
immigration and crude, [374];
comparative statistics of manufacturing wages, North and South, [404-405].
See also [Immigration].
Lake Charles, La., Northerners at, [48].
Lake City, S. C., attack on negro postmaster at, [171].
Lamar, L. Q. C., on coöperation with Negroes, [388].
Land, negro ownership of, and uplift, [144], [372-374].
Lanier, Sidney, as writer, [305].
Lawyers, negro, [130], [335].
Lead in South, [224].
Leadership in South.
Antebellum, [59];
postwar changes, [60-62];
social, [62];
business, [62];
political, [63];
homogeneity, [63];
tone, [64];
Negroes and negro leaders, [130], [379].
Leasing of convicts in South, [201], [286].
Lee, S. D., on negro labor, [121].
Legislation as remedy of race problem, [381-385].
Leland University, founding of, [309].
Leonard. John, negro settlement started by, [141].
Liberia, failure of, [96-97], [350].
Libraries in South, [305].
Lien loans on cotton plantations, [268].
Lilywhite Republicans, [173].
Lincoln, Abraham.
Minor’s “Real Lincoln,” [85];
Grady on, [85];
and colonization of Negroes, [350].
Liquor. See [Drink].
Literature.
Southern, [305];
negro, [325].
Little River, plantations on, [255].
Lockhart, Texas, peonage case, [280].
London, murders in, [184].
Louisiana.

Immigration, [52], [56], [57];
school system, [292];
illiteracy, [293];
negro illiteracy, [294];
rural schools, [299]:
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Louisville, tobacco manufacture in, [225];
schools, [296].
Louisville Courier-Journal.
On South and immigration, [48].
Lower South, extent, [20].
See also [South].
Lumber. See [Forests].
Lynching.
Cutler’s researches, [208];
origin and early practice, [208];
proportion. North and South, [209], [210];
not confined to cases of rape, [209], [362];
methods of lynchers, [210];
mistakes, [211];
conduct of officials, [211];
and of militia, [212];
justified, [212];
reasons for practice, race hostility, [213-215];
suggestion of legalization, [215];
as remedy for race problem, [361-364];
reduction, [364].
M
McDonogh, John, educational bequest by, [289].
McKinley, William, price of wheat and election of, [261].
Macon Telegraph on Northern criticism, [243].
Madison, Ga., popular hysteria in, on negro question, [164].
Magic, negro belief in, [137].
Malaria in South, [25].
Manufacturers’ Record.
On immigration, [54];
on Southern wealth, [242], [243];
on wealth in cotton, [250];
opposition to Northern educational aid, [307];
on Atlanta riots. [390].
Manufactures of South, [24], [224-225];
cheap power, [26], [225];
cotton, [45], [274-276];
importation of aliens, [52];
comparative statistics, North and South, [237], [238], [276], [404-405].
Marriage. See [Miscegenation].
Maryland.
And South, [20];
problem of negro education, [307], [329];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Massachusetts and school tax, [329].
Mean Whites, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Medicine.
Negro physicians, [129], [335];
schools in South, [303].
Memphis, progress, [242].
Methodist Church.
Negro, [117];
educational commission of Southern, [300].
Michigan, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Military service, negro, [129].
Militia and lynchings, [212].
Miller, Kelly.
On Dixon, [10];
as writer, [15], [325];
on race antagonism, [160];
on negro advancement, [368], [371].
Mining in South. [24], [224].
Minnesota, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Minor, C. L. C.
On Negroes under slavery, [83];
“Real Lincoln,” [85].
Miscegenation, [151-154];
and principle of social inequality, [154], [156];
prohibition of marriage, [155];
white exclusion of mulattoes, [156];
remedy, [157];
and calamity of amalgamation, [157].
Mississippi.
Postbellum vagrant laws, [168];
negro voters, [176];
valuations, [238];
illiteracy, [294],
school statistics, [295];
lynchings, [363];
comparative statistics, [395-415].
Missouri.
And South, [20];
illiteracy, [292];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Mitchell, S. C., and negro development, [179], [345].
Mitchell Co., N. C., Negroes excluded from, [166].
Mobile.
As port, [22], [229];
progress, [28].
Monroe, La., as trade center, [26].
Montana, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Montgomery, founder of negro community, [141].
Montgomery, Ala., progress, [29].
Morals.
Mountaineer, [35];
poor white, [43];
negro, [108-109], [134-137];
mulatto, [112];
miscegenation, [151-157].
See also [Crime].
Morristown, Tenn., treatment of Negroes in, [167].
Mound Bayou, Miss., negro community at, [141].
Mt. Moriah, Ala., school at, [297].
Mountaineers, Southern, as frontiersmen, [23], [33], [37];
conditions, [30-38];
uniqueness, [30];
region, [31];
descent, [31-33];
self-sustenance, [32];
lowest type, “boomer,” [33-35];
higher type, [35];
advancement, [35-38];
crime, [37];
and negro question, [38];
as laborers in cotton mills, [275];
Northern aid for education, [306].
Mulattoes.
And negro “race traits,” [102];
proportion, [110-111];
physique, [111];
character, [112];
social position, [112], [156], [339];
and private negro schools, [316];
literature, [325].
Murders.
Proportion in South, [84];
varieties, [185];
of Negroes by Whites, [195-196];
conduct of trials, [198];
lynchings for, [209], [362].
Murphy, E. G.
“Present South,” [13];
on democratic development, [65];
on race problem, [69], [79], [345];
on South and Northern criticism, [73];
on survival of Negroes, [109];
on race association, [150];
and negro development, [179];
on Poor Whites, [293];
on Negro academic training, [331].
Museums, Southern, [304].
N
Nashua, N. H., manufacturing output of, [276].
National banks, comparative statistics of, North and South, [402-403].
See also [Banking].
Naval stores, Southern, [223].
Nebraska.
Illiteracy, [292];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
“Negro a Beast,” [11].
Negroes.
Writers, [14-17], [325];
periodicals, [18];
of Sea Islands, [22], [107], [110], [137], [142];
effect of urban life, [27], [114];
and Mountaineers, [38];
and foreign immigration, [55], [57];
temperament of Northern and Southern, [74];
present attitude of North on question, [75];
Northern responsibility and interest in question, [75-79];
persistence of question, [77];
necessity of solution, [78];
Southern belief in benefits of slavery, [83], [341];
character, [91-105];
population, [91], [106], [397-399];
names for, [91];
white generalizations on, [92];
character and capability in Africa, [94-96];
failure of Liberia, [96-97], [350];
conditions in West Indies, [97-99];
in North, [99-101];
question of inferiority, [101-105], [339];
“race traits,” [101], [110];
lack of opportunity, [103];
and white standards, [103];
arrested development, [104], [326];
irresponsibility, [104];
life, [106-119];
diffusion, [106];
ruralness, [107];
survival and death-rate, [107-110];
divergent types, [110];
proportion and character of mulattoes, [110-112];
Northward drift, [112], [354];
white ignorance of negro life, [114], [124], [340], [391];
investigations of life, [114];
rural houses, [115];
family life, [116], [324];
amusements, [116];
religious life, [117], [380];
secret societies, [118];
as managers, [123];
and military service, [129];
as business and professional men, [129-130], [335];
attitude towards leaders, [130], [379];
conferences, [131], [389];
question of advancement, [132-148];
physical structure and inferiority, [132-134];
morality, [134-137];
not retrograding, [137], [143];
morals under slavery, [138];
faithfulness during Civil War, [139];
evidences of advancement, [139-142];
communities, [141];
proportion of uplift, [143], [146], [339], [368-369];
accumulation of property, [143-148];
savings, [143], [376];
real estate, [144-145], [372-374];
and tax-paying, [147];
race association, [149-165];
problem of association, [149-151];
miscegenation, [151-157];
remedy for it, [157];
position of mulattoes, [156], [339];
evil of amalgamation, [157], [349];
growth of race antagonism, [158-161], [216], [340], [389];
white fear of negro domination, [160], [172];
Negroes on race antagonism, [160];
basis of antagonism, [161];
question of social equality, [162-165], [340];
race separation, [166-180], [356-358];
exclusion from settlements, [166];
increasing segregation, [167];
quarters in cities, [167];
church separation, [167];
postbellum vagrant laws, [168], [279];
discrimination in travel, [168-171];
and public positions, [171-174], [377];
disfranchisement, [174-178], [347-348], [376-377];
white suppression of development, [178-180], [370-371];
illustrations of white antagonism, [181-183];
rough language by Whites, [194];
and present vagrant laws, [200];
and jury duty, [203];
testimony, [203];
race riots, [205-207];
thriftlessness, [271];
and newspapers, [324];
summary of race problem, [338-341];
race separation and principle of equality, [339], [344];
perpetual inferiority and subjection, [339], [340], [343], [344];
agitation against, [341];
postulates as to possible remedies of race problem, [343-346];
wrong remedies, [347-366];
no help from Congress, [347-348];
nor from Northern propaganda, [348];
nor from colonization [350-352];
nor from substitution of white laborers, [352-354];
nor from segregation, [354-358];
terrorizing as remedy [358-366];
material and political remedies, [367-377];
advantage to Whites in negro uplift, [371], [373];
as peasant class, [374-376];
moral remedies, [378-394];
influence of race separation on uplift, [378-381], [388-391];
suggestion of socialistic control over, [379];
need of equitable vagrant laws, [383];
special courts, [383];
and prohibition, [384];
necessity of discussion of race problem, [389];
essentials of remedy, [392-394];
comparative statistics of insane and paupers, North and South, [406-407].
See also [Cotton], [Crime], [Education], [Labor], [Lynching], [Peonage], [Whites].
Nevada, comparative statistics of, [399-417].
New Hampshire, comparative statistics of, [399-417].
New Mexico, comparative statistics of, [399-417].
New Orleans.
As port, [22], [233];
population and trade, [28];
foreign population, [51];
negro population, [107];
negro morality, [108];
rivalry with Galveston, [228];
belt line, [228];
progress, [242];
McDonogh bequest, [289];
discontinuance of negro high school, [315].
New York City, murders in, [184].
Newport News as port, [229], [233].
Newspapers. See [Press].
Niagara Movement, [389].
Nixburg, Ala., negro community near, [141].
No ’Count, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Norfolk, Va. As port, [22], [229], [233];
Mrs. Douglass’ negro school, [309].
Normal schools in South.
Development, [292];
comparative statistics, [296], [416-417].
See also [Teachers].
North.
Extent, [1];
Northerners in South, [48-50];
position of Southerners in, [49];
Southern suspicion, [71], [73], [89];
Southern belief in hostility, [74];
present attitude on race problem, [75];
responsibility and interest in problem, [75-79];
condition of Negroes in, [99-101];
negro drift, [112], [354];
crime, [183];
idea of crime in South, [184];
criminal spirit in, and in South, [197-199];
lynching in, [209], [210];
comparative wealth (see [Wealth]);
aid for Southern white education, [306];
for negro education, [315-317], [322];
and solution of Southern race problem, [345], [347-349], [391];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
North Carolina.
And immigration, [52];
and Mecklenburg Declaration, [81];
early negro suffrage, [175];
comparative statistics, [397-117].
North Carolina, University of.
Founding, [290];
standing, [302].
North Dakota.
School statistics, [295];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Norwood, T. M., generalization by, on Negroes, [93].
O
Oak Grove, Ala., negro school at, [312].
Oats, comparative value of crops of, [241].
Odum, H. W., negro researches by, [114].
Ogden, R. C., and Southern Education Board, [306], [390].
Oklahoma.
And South, [20];
comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Onancock, Va., banishment of Negroes from, [206].
Opelika, Ala., public buildings in, [27].
Open-air life in South, [23], [25].
Oregon, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Outlook, articles in, on Southern question, [18].
P
Pace, J. W., peonage case, [282].
Page, T. N.
“Negro,” [12];
on educational value of slavery, [83];
on failure of Negro, [101];
on negro immorality, [134];
on race antagonism, [150];
on negro capability, [326], [368];
on evils of negro education, [327];
on white dominance, [343];
on negro court, [383];
on mutual discussion of race problem, [391];
on need of negro uplift, [392].
Panama Canal and Southern commerce, [22].
Pardon of criminals in South, [203].
Paupers, comparative statistics of, North and South, [406-107].
Peabody fund, [322].
Peasant class, Negroes as, [374-376].
Penn School in Sea Islands, [316].
Pensacola as port, [22],

[229].
Pensions, Southern income, [234].
Peonage.
And immigration, [56], [353];
in South, [278-287];
rise, [278];
federal law against, [278];
principle, [279];
development in cotton culture, [279];
of Whites, [280-281];
restraint of movements of Negroes, [281-282];
of Negroes under cover of laws, [282-283], [365];
illustrations, [283-285];
federal prosecutions, [285];
Southern approval, [286];
federal investigation, [286];
and leasing of convicts, [286];
and negro shiftlessness, [287].
Percy, Leroy.
On remedy of race problem, [343], [345];
on negro education, [387].
Pests, Southern, [25].
Petroleum in South, [225].
Philadelphia, negro mortality in, [107].
Phosphates in South, [225].
Physical conditions of South, [20-29];
swamps, [221].
Physicians, negro, [129], [335].
Physique, negro, and inferiority, [132-134].
Plantation.
Application of term, [253-255];
present types, [255-256].
See also [Agriculture], [Cotton].
“Plow” division of farms, [264].
Poe, E. A., as Southern writer, [305].
Police.
Treatment of Negroes, [196];
need of rural, [211], [382], [384].
Politics.
Southern leadership, [63];
cause and effect of Solid South, [72], [173], [174];
colonization of Negroes in Indiana, [112];
Negroes and public positions, [171-174], [377];
Negroes and Republican party in South, [173];
negro suffrage, [174-178], [347-348], [376-377].
Poor Whites.
Traditional home, [21];
conditions, [38-47];
names for, [38];
diffusion, [38];
antebellum isolation, [38-41];
and Civil War, [40];
as farmers, [41], [45], [46];
advancement, [41-47];
morals, [43];
education, [44], [293];
as wage earners, [44-45];
in cotton mills, [45], [275];
northward and westward drift, [46];
term a misnomer, [47];
turbulence, [64];
and Southern problem, [344];
need of uplift, [375].
Population.
Southern urban, [28];
of South, [30];
Southern, of Northern birth, [48];
foreign, in South, [50];
negro, [91], [106];
negro death-rate, [107-110];
Southern agricultural, [221];
comparative statistics, North and South, [397-399].
Ports of the South, [22], [28], [228-229], [233].
Portsmouth, Va., as port, [229], [233].
Post-office.
Negro employees, [171], [172];
need of Postal Savings Banks in South, [376].
Potatoes, comparative value of crop of, [241].
Press, Southern.
Character, [70];
negro journalists, [130], [324];
Negroes and newspapers, [324].
Price.
Of farm lands, [220];
of cotton, [252].
Prisons in South, [201];
reform, [202];
comparative statistics of prisoners, [406-407].
Professions.
Negroes in, [129], [335];
schools in South, [292], [303].
Prohibition as remedy of race problem, [384].
Property. See [Land], [Taxation], [Wealth].
Protestant Episcopal Church and race separation, [167].
Pulaski Co., Ga., increasing negro population of, [167].
Pullman Car Co. and Jim Crow cars, [169].
R
Race. See [Negroes], [Remedies], [Whites].
Railroads of South.
Race separation, [168-171];
development, [226-227];
New Orleans belt road, [228];
control, [229];
comparative mileage of seceding states, [237];
of whole South, [248].
Rape, negro, of white women, [191-193];
early examples, [208];
lynching not confined to, [209], [362];
not on increase, [209];
and justification of lynching, [213], [214].
Real estate, negro, [144-145].
Reclamation of Southern swamps, [221].
Reconstruction.
Present Southern attitude, [85-88];
Ku-Klux, [87];
and race antagonism, [159];
negro suffrage, [175], [376];
educational measures, [292], [310].
Red Necks, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Reed, J. C.
On Dixon, [9];
on Negroes under slavery, [83];
on Ku-Klux, [87];
on negro segregation, [355].
Religion.
Of Mountaineers, [35];
of Negroes in Africa, [94];
negro, in South, [117], [129];
question of negro paganism, [137];
race separation, [167];
training of Southern ministers, [303];
Church and race problem, [380].
Remedies of race problem.
Summary of problem, [338-340];
essential conditions, [340];
types of altitude of Southern Whites, [340-343];
postulates, [343-345];
division of Whites, [345-346], [391];
wrong, [347-366];
no Congressional interference, [347-348];
no Northern private propaganda, [348];
no amalgamation, [349];
no colonization, [350-352];
no substitutes for negro laborers, [352-354];
no segregation, [354-356];
possibility of race separation, [356-358];
terrorizing, [358-366];
legalized terror, [364];
material, [367-376];
possibility and permission of general negro uplift, [367-372];
land-buying by Negroes, [372-374];
Negroes as peasants, [374-376];
aids for thrift, [376];
political, [376-377];
moral, [378-394];
influence of race separation, [378-381];
character of negro leaders, [379];
benevolent state socialism, [379];
influence of Church, [380];
legislative and judicial, [381-385];
negro education, [385-388];
need of race coöperation and discussion, [388-391];
last analysis of problem, [392-394];
white duties, [392];
patience, [392-394].
Renters on cotton plantations, [256], [266].
Restaurants, race separation in, in South, [170].
Rhett, Barnwell, Northern education of, [290].
Rice as Southern crop, [251].
Richmond.
Race separation, [167];
tobacco manufacture, [225];
progress, [242].
Richmond Times Despatch on immigration, [54].
“Riders” on cotton plantations, [258], [263].
Riots, race, [205-208], [390].
Roads, Southern, [227].
Roosevelt, Theodore.
Booker Washington incident, [162];
and appointment of Negroes, [171], [174];
rewards faithful state official, [211];
on lynchings, [363].
Rural life.
Open-air life, [23], [25];
preponderance in South, [27-29];
negro propensity, [107];
police, [221], [382], [384];
schools, [296-299], [311-313];
relative lack of progress, [242].
See also [Agriculture].
Russell, C. W., on peonage, [286].
S
St. Louis, schools in, [296].
Salisbury, N. C., lynching in, [210].
Sand Hillers, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Santo Domingo, Negroes in, [99].
Savannah as port, [22], [28], [229].
Savings banks, need of, in South, [376].
Saxons, Taine on, [102].
Sea Islands, [22];
Negroes of, [107], [110], [137], [142];
trucking, [220];
cotton, seed trust, [252];
ginning and bagging of cotton, [259];
war-time negro schools, [309];
present education, [316].
Secession, present Southern attitude toward, [84].
Secondary education.
Development of Southern, [292], [299];
comparative statistics, North and South, [296], [412-413];
negro, [314];
hostility to negro, [319], [335].
Secret societies, negro, [118].
Shannon, A. H.
“Racial Integrity,” [12];
on mulattoes, [111].
Shipp, J. F., and lynching, [212].
Shreveport.
Public buildings, [27];
Italians at, [57].
Shufeldt, R. W., “Negro a Menace,” [8].
Sinclair, W. A. “Aftermath of Slavery,” [15];
as writer, [325].
Slater fund, [322].
Slavery.
Effect on South, [2];
and Southern attitude towards history, [80];
traditional belief in prosperity under, [82], [218];
and in benefit to Negro, [83], [341];
domestic servants, [126];
negro morals under, [138];
personal race association under, [158];
chattel, and leasing of convicts, [201];
in Philippines, [279];
and education of Negroes, [308].
See also [Peonage].
Smith, Hoke.
Gubernatorial campaign, [173];
on negro education, [329];
on white control over Negroes, [341].
Smith, W. B.
“Color Line,” [13];
on South and outside public opinion, [77];
on negro inferiority, [133];
apology for lynching, [363].
Social life in South.
Open-air, [23];
of Northerners, [49];
leadership, [59-62];
character, [62];
crudeness of behavior, [64];
democratic uplift, [65];
of Negroes in North, [100];
miscegenation and social inequality of Negroes, [154], [156];
exclusion of mulattoes, [156];
question of negro equality, [162-165], [340];
race equality and negro officials, [171];
negro homes, [324].
Socialism and race problem, [379].
Solid South, cause and effect of, [72].
South.
As part of Union, [1-3];
individuality, [2], [30];
author’s preparation for judging, [3-6];
materials on, [7-19];
physical conditions, [20-29];
extent, [20];
physical divisions, [20-22];
Black Belt, [21];
forests, [22];
climate, [24];
mining, [24];
pests, [25];
health, [25];
architecture, [26], [304];
rural preponderance, [27-29];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
See also [Agriculture], [Cities], [Civil War], [Commerce], [Cotton], [Crime], [Education], [History], [Immigration], [Labor], [Leadership], [Manufactures], [Negroes], [Peonage], [Politics], [Population], [Reconstruction], [Remedies], [Slavery], [Social life], [Wealth], [Whites].
South Atlantic Monthly and discussion of race problem, [390].
South Carolina.
Loss of natives, [47];
immigration experiment, [52], [56];
postbellum vagrant laws, [168];
murders in, [184];
valuations, [238];
cotton manufactures, [275], [276];
peonage in, [284];
illiteracy, [293];
school statistics, [295];
rural police, [384];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
South Dakota, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
Southern Education Association and negro education, [327].
Southern Education Board, [300], [306], [390].
“Southern South,” meaning of term, [6].
Spartanburg, water-power in, [26].
Spencer, Samuel, and immigration, [52].
Springfield, Ill., race riot in, [207].
Springfield, Ohio, race riot in, [207].
Statistical Abstract, data from, [235], [243].
Steamboat, race separation on Southern, [169].
Stock, Southern, [251].
Stone, A. H.
Studies of negro question, [17];
on foreign and negro cotton hands, [58];
on negro accumulation of property, [146];
on lien loans, [268].
Stone and Webster, and electric power and transportation, [227].
Straight University, founding of, [309].
Street railways.
Race separation on Southern, [170];
inter-urban trolleys, [227].
Suffrage.
Northern distrust of negro, [100];
effect of disfranchisement on negro leadership, [131];
negro, [174-175];
negro disfranchisement, [175-177], [345];
reason for disfranchisement, [178];
enforcement of Fourteenth Amendment, [347];
federal control of elections, [348].
Sugar, Southern crop of, [251].
Sugar beets, Southern crop of, [251].
Sulphur in South, [225].
Sulu Archipelago, slavery in, [279].
Sunny Side.
Italian labor at, [57];
plantation, [256];
alleged peonage case, [281].
Superstitions, negro, [138].
Swamps, Southern, [25];
reclamation of, [221].
Syracuse, Ohio, Negroes excluded from, [166].
T
Taine, H. A., on Saxons, [102].
Talassee, school at, [297].
Talladega, school at, [389].
Tar Heels, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Taxation.
Negroes and, [147], [330];
assessment valuations as comparison of Southern wealth, [235];
comparative valuations of seceding states, [236];
of whole South, [239-241], [244], [248], [400-401];
on basis of white population, [246];
ante- and post-bellum valuation in South, [237];
school, in South, [295], [306];
burden of, for negro schools, [328-331].
Teachers, Southern.
Of rural white schools, [298];
of negro schools, [310], [314], [320];
boycott of Northern, of negro schools, [316];
need of white, for colored schools, [385-387];
comparative statistics, North and South, [408-417].
Temperament of Southern Whites, [66-79];
difficulty in determining, [66];
emotionalism, [66], [164];
influence of race problem, [67-69], [74];
diversity on problem, [69-70];
impatience of dissent, [70], [72], [390];
suspicion of Northerners, [71], [73], [74], [89];
attitude towards criticism, [71-73], [243];
exaggeration, [73];
of Negroes, [74];

Whites, and outside interest in race problem, [75-79];
attitude towards history, [80-90], [218];
veneration for ancestors, [81].
Tennessee.
School statistics, [295];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Tensas River, plantations on, [255].
Testimony, negro, [203].
Texas.
Urban population, [29];
immigration from other states, [47];
foreign settlement, [53];
value of farms, [238];
school statistics, [248], [295], [306];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Texas, University of, standing of, [302].
Theft, Negroes and, [186].
Thomas, William Hannibal.
“American Negro,” [15];
on negro morals, [134].
Thomas, William Holcombe.
On race association, [150];
on homicides, [197].
Thorsby, Ala., Northern community at, [49].
Tillman, B. R.
As political leader, [63];
anti-negro generalizations, [93];
on newly imported slaves, [110];
attitude on negro disfranchisement, [177];
on lynching, [213];
and race problem, [345], [359].
Tillman, J. H., killing of Gonzales by, [185].
Tobacco.
Southern manufacture, [224];
comparative value of crop, [241].
Toombs, Robert, on South under slavery, [82].
Trade. See [Commerce].
Transportation.
Race separation in South, [168-171];
Southern conditions, [226-230].
Trucking in South, [24], [220], [251].
Trudics peonage case, [280].
Tulane University, standing of, [300], [307].
Turner, H. M., on negro segregation, [355].
Turner peonage case, [284], [365].
Turpentine, Southern industry, [223].
Tuskegee Institute.
Conferences, [131], [389];
influence, [319];
number of students, [332];
opposition, [332];
basis of success, [334].
U
Union, South and, [1], [5].
Urban life. See [Cities].
Utah, comparative statistics of, [397-417].
V
Vagrant laws, Southern.
Postbellum, [168], [279];
present, [200];
need of equitable, [383].
Valdese, N. C., Italians at, [57].
Valdosta, Ga., negro teachers in, [314].
Vardaman, J. K.
As political leader, [63];
abuse of Negro, [72], [93];
on negro inferiority, [101];
on leasing convicts, [202];
pardons, [202];
opposition to negro education, [327], [371];
and race problem, [345];
on illegal control of Negroes, [365].
Venereal disease, Negroes and, [108].
Vermont.
School statistics, [295];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Vice. See [Morals].
Virginia.
And Hampton Institute, [317];
comparative statistics, [397-417].
Virginia Coöperative Education Association, [306].
Virginia, University of.
Founding, [290];
standing of, [203].
W
Wage hands on cotton plantations, [265].
Wages. See [Labor], [Teachers].
Wanderer, Negroes imported in, [110].
Washington, B. T.
Works on negro problem, [15];
negro hostility to, [130];
on acquiring land, [144], [372];
incident of lunch with Roosevelt, [162];
Dixon on, [180], [319], [332];
on South as home of Negro, [262], [355];
on treatment of cotton hands, [267];
influence of Tuskegee, [319];
as writer, [325];
as leader, [333], [334].
Washington, George, and fertilizing, [253].
Washington, State of, comparative statistics of, [399-417].
Watauga Co., N. C., Negroes excluded from, [166].
Water-power in South, [26], [225].
Waterways, Southern, [226].
Watson, T. E., on cry of negro domination, [160].
Watterson, Henry, on Southern wealth, [231].
Wealth, Southern.
Private, [62];
enlarged views, [89], [231], [247];
negro accumulation, [143-148];
actual, [218-230];
under slavery, [218];
postbellum poverty, [219];
recent great increase, [219];
agricultural, [220-221];
forests, [221-224];
mineral, [224];
in manufactures, [224-225]:
capital and banking, [225];
commercial, [226-229], [233];
comparative, North and South, [231-249];
Southern claims considered, [232], [247], [249], [276], [338];
influence of labor conditions, [232], [235], [246], [247], [277];
pensions, [234];
proper basis for comparison, [234];
comparative tables, [234], [400-417];
materials for comparison, [235];
comparative, of seceding states, [236-239], [248];
of whole South, [239-245], [248];
on basis of white population, [246-247];
uneven advance of Southern, [242];
actual and comparative rate of Southern accumulation, [243-245].
West Indies, capacity of Negroes in, [97-99].
West Virginia.
And South, [20];
comparative statistics, [399-417].
Wheat.
As an export, [233];
Southern crop, [251];
price and election of McKinley, [261].
Whipping on plantations, [194].
White Trash, name for Poor Whites, [38].
Whitecapping, [195].
Whites, Southern.
Effect of city life, [27];
position of Northerners in South, [48-50];
small farmers, [60];
division on, and discussion of race problem, [67-72], [345-346], [391];
generalizations on Negroes, [92];
Southern exaltation, [102];
ignorance of negro life, [114], [124], [340], [391];
race association, [149-165];
problem of association, [149-151];
miscegenation, [151-157];
remedy for it, [157];
exclusion of mulattoes, [156];
evil of amalgamation, [157], [344], [349];
growth of race antagonism, [158-161], [216], [340], [389];
fear of negro domination, [160], [172];
Negroes on race antagonism, [160];
basis of prejudice, [161];
race separation, [160-180];
fear of negro social equality, [162-165], [340];
suppression of negro development by, [178-180];
illustration of race antagonism, [181-183];
responsibility for inefficient criminal justice, [203];
comparative wealth of South on basis of white inhabitants, [235], [246];
laborers on cotton plantations, [255], [262], [264], [267];
peonage of, [280-281];
advancement, [339];
domination, [339], [343];
perpetual superiority, [340];
violent agitation of race problem, [341];
despair over problem, [342];
to control settlement of problem, [344];
terrorizing of Negroes, [358-366];
advantages to, of negro uplift, [371], [373];
necessity of coöperation with Negroes, [388-391];
duties in problem, [392];
comparative statistics of population, [397-399].
See also [Crime], [Education], [History], [Immigration], [Leadership], [Mountaineers], [Negroes], [Poor Whites], [Remedies], [Social life], [Temperament].
Whittaker, assault by, [186].
Williams, G. W., “Negro Race in America,” [14].
Williams, J. S.
On immigration, [51], [352];
senatorial campaign, [72];
on increasing race antagonism, [159], [361];
on basis of race prejudice, [161];
on remedy of race problem, [343], [394];
on negro emigration, [352];
on good conduct of negroes, [368];
on recognizing negro worth, [380];
on prevention of negro crimes, [382].
Wilmington, Del., lynching in, [210].
Wilmington, N. C.
As port, [22], [229];
banishment of Negroes, [206].
Winston, G. T.
On South, [5];
on negro criminality, [188];
on negro uplift, [371].
Wirz, Henry, statue to, [89].
Wisconsin.
School statistics, [295];
comparative statistics, [397-417].

Women.
Labor on cotton plantations, [265];
school education in South, [299];
college education, [301], [302].
Wool, Southern crop of, [251].
World Almanac, statistics from, [235], [248].
World’s Work, articles in, on Southern question, [18].
“Worth, Nicholas.”
“Autobiography,” [18];
on Southerners and criticism, [72];
on Southern exaggeration, [73];
on historical ignorance, [83];
on race antagonism, [159];
on training cotton hands, [267].
Wyoming, comparative statistics of, [399-417].
Z
Zinc in South, [224].