Serranus, Dentex, Pristipoma; Cantharus, Box, **Dipterodon, Sagrus, Pagrus, Pagellus, Chrysophrys; *Chilodactylus; Sebastes, *Agriopus; Trigla; Sphyræna; Lepidopus, Thyrsites; Zeus; Caranx; Lophius; Clinus (10 species), Cristiceps; **Chorisochismus.
*Halidesmus, *Genypterus, Motella.
Syngnathus.—*Bdellostoma.
This list contains many northern forms, which in conjunction with the peculiarly southern types (Callorhynchus, Chilodactylus, Agriopus, Clinus, Genypterus, Bdellostoma) leave no doubt that this district belongs to the southern temperate zone, whilst the Freshwater fishes of South Africa are members of the tropical fauna. Only a few (Rhinobatus, Narcine, Astrape, and Sphyræna) have entered from the neighbouring tropical coasts. The development of Sparoids is greater than in any of the other districts of this zone, and may be regarded as one of its distinguishing features.
2. The South Australian district comprises the southern coasts of Australia (northwards, about to the latitude of Sydney), Tasmania, and New Zealand. It is the richest in the southern temperate zone, partly in consequence of a considerable influx of tropical forms on the eastern coast of Australia, where they penetrate farther southwards than should have been expected from merely geographical considerations; partly in consequence of the thorough manner in which the ichthyology of New South Wales and New Zealand has been explored. On the other hand, the western half of the south coast of Australia is still almost a terra incognita.
The shore-fishes of New Zealand are not so distinct from those of south-eastern Australia as to deserve to be placed in a separate district. Beside the genera which enter this zone from the Tropics, and which are more numerous on the Australian coast than on that of New Zealand, and beside a few very local genera, the remainder are identical. Many of the South Australian species, besides, are found also on the coasts of New Zealand. The principal points of difference are the extraordinary development of Monacanthus on the coast of South Australia, and the apparently total absence in Australia of Gadoids, which in the New Zealand Fauna are represented by six genera.
Shore-fishes of the South Australian district.
| South Australia and Tasmania. | New Zealand. | |
| *Callorhynchus (antarcticus). | 1 | 1 |
| Galeus (canis) | 1 | 1 |
| Scyllium | 2 | 1 |
| **Parascyllium | 1 | — |
| Crossorhinus | 1 | — |
| Cestracion | 2 | 1 |
| Mustelus (antarcticus) | 1 | 1 |
| Acanthias (vulgaris and blainvillii) | 2 | 1 |
| Rhina | 1 | — |
| Pristiophorus | 1 | — |
| **Trygonorhina (fasciata) | 1 | 1 |
| Rhinobatus | 1 | 1 |
| Torpedo | — | 1 |
| Narcine | 1 | — |
| Raja | 3 | 1 |
| Trygon (Urolophus) | 3 | 2 |
| **Enoplosus | 1 | — |
| Anthias (richardsonii) | 1 | 1 |
| Callanthias | 1 | — |
| Serranus | x[29] | — |
| Plectropoma | 4 | — |
| **Lanioperca | 1 | — |
| **Arripis | 3 | 1 |
| Histiopterus | 1 | — |
| Erythrichthys | — | 1 |
| *Haplodactylus | 2 | 2 |
| Girella | 4 | — |
| **Tephræops | 1 | — |
| Pagrus | 1 | 1 |
| *Scorpis | 2 | 1 |
| **Atypichthys | 1 | — |
| **Trachichthys | — | 1 |
| **Chironemus | 1 | 1 |
| **Holoxenus | 1 | — |
| Chilodactylus | 9 | 4 |
| **Nemadactylus | 1 | — |
| **Latris | 2 | 2 |
| Scorpæna | 4 | 2 |
| **Glyptauchen | 1 | — |
| Centropogon | 2 | — |
| *Agriopus | 1 | 1 |
| *Aploactis | 1 | — |
| **Pentaroge | 1 | — |
| Platycephalus | 5 | — |
| Lepidotrigla | 3 | 1 |
| Trigla | 3 | 1 |
| Anema | — | 1 |
| **Crapatalus | — | 1 |
| **Kathetostoma | 1 | 2 |
| **Leptoscopus | 1 | 3 |
| Percis | 2 | 1 |
| *Aphritis | 1 | — |
| Sillago | 2 | — |
| *Bovichthys | 1 | 1 |
| *Notothenia | — | 1 |
| Sphyræna | 1 | — |
| Lepidopus | — | 1 |
| Trichiurus | 1 | — |
| Thyrsites | 1 | 1 |
| **Platystethus | — | 2 |
| Zeus (faber) | 1 | 1 |
| Cyttus | 1 | 1 |
| Trachurus (trachurus) | 1 | 1 |
| Caranx | x | 2 |
| *Seriolella | — | 1 |
| Pempheris | 1 | — |
| Callionymus | 3 | — |
| Batrachus | 1 | — |
| **Brachionichthys | 2 | — |
| **Saccarius | — | 1 |
| Clinus | 1 | 1 |
| **Lepidoblennius | 1 | — |
| Cristiceps and Tripterygium | 4 | 5 |
| **Patæcus | 3 | — |
| **Acanthoclinus | — | 1 |
| **Diplocrepis | — | 1 |
| **Crepidogaster | 3 | 1 |
| **Trachelochismus | — | 1 |
| **Neophrynichthys | — | 1 |
| Centriscus | 2 | 1 |
| Notacanthus (sexspinis) | 1 | 1 |
| **Labrichthys | 8 | 2 |
| **Odax | 5 | 1 |
| Coridodax | — | 1 |
| **Olistherops | 1 | — |
| **Siphonognathus | 1 | — |
| Gadus | — | 1 |
| Merluccius | — | 1 |
| Lotella | — | 1 |
| **Pseudophycis | — | 1 |
| Motella | — | 1 |
| Bregmaceros | — | 1 |
| *Genypterus | 1 | 1 |
| **Lophonectes | 1 | — |
| **Brachypleura | — | 1 |
| Pseudorhombus | — | 1 |
| **Ammotretis | 1 | 1 |
| **Rhombosolea | 3 | 3 |
| **Peltorhamphus | — | 1 |
| Solea | 1 | — |
| Aulopus | 1 | — |
| Gonorhynchus (greyi) | 1 | 1 |
| Engraulis (encrasicholus) | 1 | 1 |
| Clupea | 1 | 1 |
| **Chilobranchus | 1 | — |
| Conger (vulgaris) | 1 | 1 |
| Ophichthys | 1 | 1 |
| Murænichthys | 1 | — |
| Congromuræna | — | 1 |
| Syngnathus | 5 | 2 |
| Ichthyocampus | — | 1 |
| **Nannocampus | 1 | — |
| Urocampus | 1 | — |
| **Stigmatophora | 2 | 1 |
| Solenognathus | 2 | 1 |
| **Phyllopteryx | 2 | — |
| Monacanthus | 15 | 1 |
| Ostracion | 3 | |
| *Bdellostoma | — | 1 |
| Branchiostoma | 1 | 1 |
3. The coast-line of the Chilian district extends over 20 degrees of latitude only, and is nearly straight. In its northern and warmer parts it is of a very uniform character, and exposed to high and irregular tides, and to remarkable and sudden changes of the levels of land and water, which must seriously interfere with fishes living and propagating near the shore. No river of considerable size interrupts the monotony of the physical conditions, to offer an additional element in favour of the development of littoral animals. In the southern parts, where the coast is lined with archipelagoes, the climate is too severe for the majority of fishes. All these conditions combine to render this district comparatively poor as regards variety of Shore fishes, as will be seen from the following list:—
*Callorhynchus; Scyllium, Acanthias, Spinax; Urolophus.