If a vein bleeds, the blood flows in a steady stream, and is of a dark purple color.
If the capillaries are injured the blood merely oozes.
Bleeding from an artery is a dangerous matter in proportion to the size of the vessel, and life itself may be speedily lost. Hemorrhage from a vein or from the capillaries is rarely troublesome, and is ordinarily easily checked, aided, if need be, by hot water, deep pressure, the application of some form of iron styptic, or even powdered alum. When an artery is bleeding, always remember to make deep pressure between the wound and the heart. In all such cases send at once for the doctor.
Fig. 157.—Showing how Digital Compression should be applied to the Femoral Artery.
Do not be afraid to act at once. A resolute grip in the right place with firm fingers will do well enough, until a twisted handkerchief, stout cord, shoestring, suspender, or an improvised tourniquet[[53]] is ready to take its place. If the flow of blood does not stop, change the pressure until the right spot is found.
Sometimes it will do to seize a handful of dry earth and crowd it down into the bleeding wound, with a firm pressure. Strips of an old handkerchief, underclothing, or cotton wadding may also be used as a compress, provided pressure is not neglected.
In the after-treatment it is of great importance that the wound and the dressing should be kept free from bacteria by keeping everything surgically clean.
364. Where and how to Apply Pressure. The principal places in which to apply pressure when arteries are injured and bleeding should always be kept in mind.