PLATE
[Plan of the Monastery,][1]
[View of the Monastery,][2]
[View of the Monastery from the Orchard,][3]
[View of the Monastery from the Entrance of the ‘Real Sitio,’][4]
[View of the Monastery from the Romeral,][5]
[View of the Monastery (East Side),][6]
[Principal Façade of the Court of the Kings,][7]
[View of the Court of the Kings,][8]
[Balcony in the Court of ‘La Compaña,’][9]
[View of the ‘Casa del Principe,’ or Lower Lodge,][10]
[Ascent to the Silla del Rey, the Chair of Philip II.,][11]
[The Silla del Rey, the Chair of Philip II.,][12]
[The Horca (Gallows) Cross, near the Escorial,][13]
[Garden of the Caseta de Abajo. (Escorial),][14]
[Source of the Seminario,][15]
[Source of the Seminario. (Escorial),][16]
[The Colonnade of the Monastery,][17]
[View of the Upper Cloister of the Monastery,][18]
[View of the Upper Cloister of the Monastery,][19]
[Lower Cloister of the Monastery,][20]
[View of the Lower Cloister of the Monastery,][21]
[Snow-pit and Pond of ‘Convalescents,’][22]
[‘Convalescents’ Gallery,][23]
[The Monks’ Walk and ‘Convalescents’ Gallery. (Escorial),][24]
[‘Convalescents’ Gallery,][25]
[The Evangelists’ Court,][26]
[Court with the Springs of the Evangelists,][27]
[Shield of the Emperor Charles V.,][28]
[Court of the Evangelists,][29]
[Interior of the Church,][30]
[Door-knocker of the Church at the Escorial,][31]
[Choir Stalls. (Basilica of the Monastery),][32]
[Interior View from the Choir. (Basilica of the Monastery),][33]
[Interior View. (Basilica of the Monastery),][34]
[Retablo at the High Altar. (Basilica of the Monastery),][35]
[Interior View from the High Altar. (Basilica of the Monastery),][36]
[Altar-piece at the High Altar,][37]
[St. Hieronymus and St. Augustine. (Statues of the Altar-piece),][38]
[St. Matthew and St. Mark. (Statues of the Altar-piece),][39]
[St. Paul. (Statue of the Altar-piece),][40]
[St. Gregory and St. Ambrose. (Statues of the Altar-piece),][41]
[St. Peter. (Statue of the Altar-piece),][42]
[St. John and St. Luke. (Statues of the Altar-piece),][43]
[Left Side of the High Altar: Interment of the Emperor Charles V.,][44]
[Marble Statue of San Lorenzo at the Entrance of the Choir,][45]
[Interior View of the Chapel,][46]
[The Tabernacle. (Escorial),][47]
[Panteon of the Kings. (Entrance Gate),][48]
[Beautiful Rock Crystal Candelabrum in the Choir of the Escorial,][49]
[Casket in Malachite and Lapis-lazuli, ornamented with beautiful engraved Rock Crystal. (Reliquary of the Escorial),][50]
[View of the Panteon of the Kings. (Escorial),][51]
[Panteon of the Infantes (Interior),][52]
[Panteon of the Infantes (Interior),][53]
[Tomb of Charlotte of Bourbon. (Panteon of the Infantes),][54]
[Tomb of Don John of Austria. (Panteon of the Infantes),][55]
[View of the Principal Staircase of the Monastery,][56]
[Library of the Monastery,][57]
[Library of the Monastery,][58]
[Library of the Monastery,][59]
[Library of the Monastery,][60]
[Golden MS. (10th Century). (Library of the Monastery),][61]
[Prayer-book of Isabella the Catholic. (Library of the Monastery),][62]
[Songs of St. Mary. MS. (13th Century) belonging to Alfonso the Wise. (Library of the Monastery),][63]
[Latin Prayer-book of Ferdinand the Catholic. (Library of the Monastery),][64]
[Mass-book of Philip II. (Library of the Monastery),][65]
[Breviary of Charles V. (Library of the Monastery),][66]
[Psalter of the Emperor Charles V. (Library of the Escorial),][67]
[Natural History of Pliny the Younger, Italian MS. of the 16th Century. (Library of the Escorial),][68]
[Page 238 of the Mass-book of Isabella the Catholic: MS. of the 15th Century, the Vignette of which contains the name of the Queen. (Library of the Escorial),][69]
[First page of a Hebrew Bible: precious MSS. of the end of the 14th Century. (Library of the Escorial),][70]
[Persian MS., the work of Muhammed Scham El Din Hapheth, Poet of the 14th Century. (Library of the Escorial),][71]
[Manuscript of the Year 1050. (Library of the Escorial),][72]
[Virgil’s Poems: MS. of the 15th Century, written in Spain. (Library of the Escorial),][73]
[Virgil: Manuscript of the Year 966. (Library of the Escorial),][74]
[Virgil: Manuscript of the Year 966. (Library of the Escorial),][75]
[The Apocalypse of St. John: Manuscript of the 15th Century, (Library of the Escorial),][76]
[Two pages of the Koran of Muley Zidan, Emperor of Morocco in 1594. (Library of the Escorial),][77]
[‘The Tree of Love,’ written in 1288. (Library of the Escorial),][78]
[Persian Manuscript, the work of Muhammed Scham El Din Hapheth, Poet of the 14th Century. (Library of the Monastery),][79]
[Mass-book of Isabel the Catholic, Manuscript of the 15th Century. (Library of the Escorial),][80]
[Frontispiece of the Koran of Muley Zidan, Emperor of Morocco in 1594. (Library of the Escorial),][81]
[Mass-book of the Empress Isabel, Mother of Philip II. (Library of the Escorial),][82]
[Mass-book of Philip III. and Queen Margarita. (Library of the Escorial),][83]
[Greek Manuscript of the end of the 14th Century. (Library of the Escorial),][84]
[Breviary of Philip II. (16th Century). (Library of the Monastery),][85]
[Mass-book and Holy Office of Philip II. (Library of the Monastery),][86]
[Latin Prayer-book of Ferdinand the Catholic. (Library of the Monastery),][87]
[Arabian Manuscript (Natural History). (Library of the Monastery),][88]
[Reading Desk in the Choir. (Escorial),][89]
[Sacristy (Monastery),][90]
[Paranymph of the College (Monastery),][91]
[Our Lord Crucified, sculptured in Marble (Monastery),][92]
[Interment of Philip II. (Monastery),][93]
[Chapter Room (Monastery),][94]
[Chapter Room (Monastery),][95]
[Chapter Hall (Monastery),][96]
[Presentation of the Virgin at the Temple, attributed to Van Eyck (Monastery),][97]
[Altar-piece of the Santa Forma, painted by Claudio Coello. (Sacristy of the Monastery),][98]
[Embroidered Altar-cloths. (From the Sacristy),][99]
[Embroidered Copes. (Sacristy of the Escorial),][100]
[Casket of Malachite and Lapis-lazuli, ornamented with engraved Rock Crystal. (Relicario of the Escorial),][101]
[Christ on the Cross, in Wrought Copper. (Relicario of the Escorial),][102]
[Bronze Lectern representing an Eagle, made at Antwerp in 1571. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][103]
[Bronze Lectern representing an Angel, made at Antwerp in 1571, by Jean Simon. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][104]
[St. Michael overcoming the Devil, by Pedro Roldan. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][105]
[Christ, with the Virgin and St. John: Statues in Marble. (The Escorial),][106]
[Gate of the Santa Forma. (Sacristy of the Monastery),][107]
[Mirror in Rock Crystal. (Sacristy of the Escorial),][108]
[Altar-piece of Charles V., in Wrought Copper (From the Camarin of St. Theresa at the Escorial),][109]
[Alabaster Statue of St. John Baptist. (From the Camarin of St. Theresa at the Escorial),][110]
[Inside Cover of a Reliquary which belonged to Pius V. 1566-1572. (From the Camarin of St. Theresa),][111]
[Reliquary of Rock Crystal. (From the Camarin of St. Theresa),][112]
[Bone Reliquary of the end of the 12th Century. (Camarin of St. Theresa),][113]
[Reliquary of Wrought Iron, inlaid. (Relicario of the Escorial),][114]
[Reliquary of Wrought Iron, inlaid. (Relicario of the Escorial),][115]
[Reception Hall. (Palace),][116]
[Reception Hall. (Palace),][117]
[View of the Dining Hall. (Palace),][118]
[View of the Dining Hall. (Palace),][119]
[Ante-room. (Casa del Principe),][120]
[Hall of Ambassadors. (Palace),][121]
[A Room of Philip II. (Palace),][122]
[Memorial of King Philip II. (The Escorial),][123]
[Chairs of Philip IV. (Palace),][124]
[Escutcheon of King Philip II. (The Escorial),][125]
[Buen Retiro Porcelain, Imitations of Wedgwood. (The Hall of China of the Casa del Principe),][126]
[Buen Retiro Porcelain, Imitations of Wedgwood Panels. (Casa del Principe),][127]
[View of the Dining Hall. (Casa del Principe),][128]
[The Judgment of Solomon (Ivory). (Casa del Principe),][129]
[The Fisherman caught in the Nets (Ivory). (Casa del Principe),][130]
[Sculpture in Ivory called ‘Princesa de San Severo.’ (Casa del Principe),][131]
[The Adoration of the Shepherds (Ivory). (Casa del Principe),][132]
[Round Table with a Tray of Sèvres Porcelain. (Casa del Principe),][133]
[Table, Chair, and Porcelain from the Royal Works at Buen Retiro. (Casa del Principe),][134]
[Mary Magdalene, from the Royal Works at Buen Retiro. (Casa del Principe),][135]
[Buen Retiro Porcelain: Imitation of Wedgwood. (Casa del Principe),][136]
[Top of a Round Table in Sèvres Porcelain. (Casa del Principe),][137]
[The Descent from the Cross: Sculpture in Ivory. (Palace),][138]
[Ante-room of Choice Woods. (Palace),][139]
[Chair of the Emperor Charles V. (Palace),][140]
[The Emperor Charles V., the Empress Isabel, his Daughter Maria, his Sisters Eleonora, Queen of France, and Maria, Queen of Hungary. (Escorial),][141]
[Pompeian Hall. (Palace),][142]
[Oratory of Choice Woods in the Ante-chamber. (Palace),][143]
[Expedition to the Azores. (Hall of Battles),][144]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (1st Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][145]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (2nd Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][146]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (3rd Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][147]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (4th Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][148]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (5th Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][149]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (6th Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][150]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (7th Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][151]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (8th Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][152]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (9th Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][153]
[Battle of Higueruela, 1431 (10th Section of the Series of Drawings). (Hall of Battles),][154]
[Fragment of the Battle of Higueruela, 1431, by Granelo and Fabricio. (Hall of Battles in the Escorial),][155]
[Fragment of the Battle of Higueruela, 1431, by Granelo and Fabricio. (Hall of Battles in the Escorial),][156]
[Fragment of the Battle of Higueruela, 1431, by Granelo and Fabricio. (Hall of Battles in the Escorial),][157]
[Surrender of the Chatelet Fort. (Hall of Battles),][158]
[The Siege of Han and Surrender of its Castle. (Hall of Battles),][159]
[Battle of Gravelinas. (Hall of Battles),][160]
[Preparations for the Battle of Gravelinas. (Hall of Battles),][161]
[Taking of St. Quintin by the Spanish Infantry Regiments. (Hall of Battles),][162]
[Battle before St. Quintin. (Hall of Battles),][163]
[Preparations for the Siege of St. Quintin. (Hall of Battles),][164]
[Departure of the Spanish Army from the Fortified Place of St. Quintin. (Hall of Battles),][165]
[The Duke of Alba reviewing his Troops at Cantillana. (Hall of Battles),][166]
[Effigies of all the Kings of Spain, from the Time of the Goths, until Philip V., taken from Charts, Medals, and Paintings. (Library of the Escorial),][167]
[Pluto and Proserpina, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe at the Escorial),][168]
[Allegory of Africa, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe at the Escorial),][169]
[Phaeton struck by Jupiter’s Thunderbolt. (Casa del Principe at the Escorial),][170]
[The Battle of Lepanto, by L. Giordano. (Reproduced from the Fresco in the Escorial),][171]
[Expedition to the Terceire Isle (Azores). (Fragment of a Fresco Painting in the Hall of Battles),][172]
[Apollo and Mercury, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (Fresco on the Arch of the Library of the Escorial),][173]
[A Sweet Singer, by Watteau. (Museum of the Escorial),][174]
[A Love Scene, by Watteau. (Museum of the Escorial),][175]
[Philip II. receiving a Deputation from the Low Countries in the Escorial, by Sant Arcos,][176]
[Portrait of Philip II. at the age of 71, by Antonio Moro. (Library of the Escorial),][177]
[Second Set of Effigies of all the Kings of Spain, from the Time of the Goths, until Philip V., taken from Charts, Medals, and Paintings. (Library of the Escorial),][178]
[St. Isidore, by Corrado. (In the Museum at the Escorial),][179]
[Pan and Misenus, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (Fresco of the Arch in the Library of the Escorial),][180]
[Homer and Virgil, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (Fresco of the Arch in the Library of the Escorial),][181]
[Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, by V. Carducci. (Fresco of the Arch in the Library of the Escorial),][182]
[Pindar and Horace, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (Fresco of the Arch in the Library of the Escorial),][183]
[The Visitation, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (Fresco of the Arch in the Cloister of the Escorial),][184]
[The Marriage of the Virgin, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (Fresco in the Cloister of the Escorial),][185]
[The Annunciation, by Lucas Cangiagi. (Fresco in the Cloister of the Escorial),][186]
[Triptych, with Paintings on Vellum. (Camarin of St. Theresa),][187]
[The Seven Capital Sins, by Jerome Bosch, on Wood. (In the Room of Philip II. at the Escorial),][188]
[The Story of the Passion: Diptych, in Ivory, of the 13th Century. (From the Camarin of St. Theresa),][189]
[Frieze of the Staircase in the Monastery, representing the Battle, Siege, and Capture of St. Quintin, and the Foundation of the Monastery, by L. Giordano,][190]
[‘La Santa Forma,’ the Masterpiece of Claude Coello. (Sacristy of the Escorial),][191]
[The Resurrection, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (The Cloister of the Escorial),][192]
[The Interment of Christ, by Tintoretto. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][193]
[Jesus at the Pharisee’s House, by Tintoretto. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][194]
[The Resurrection of Our Lord: Florentine School, Grey Painting. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][195]
[The Birth of Our Lord, by Tintoretto. (Chapter Room of the Escorial),][196]
[The Annunciation, by Paul Veronèse. (Chapter Room of the Escorial),][197]
[Porus brought before Alexander the Great, by Carlos van Loo. (Monastery of the Escorial),][198]
[The Crown of Thorns, by Jerome Bosch, on Wood. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][199]
[Triptych, by Jerome Bosch. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][200]
[Triptych, representing the Terrestrial Delights, and the Punishment of Sin in Hell, by Jerome Bosch. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][201]
[Portrait of Charles V. at the age of 47, by Juan Pantoja. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][202]
[Christ bringing forth the Souls of the Saints: Florentine School. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][203]
[The Washing of Feet, by Tintoretto. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][204]
[The Nativity, by Josef Ribera. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][205]
[The Last Supper, by Titian. (The Escorial),][206]
[St. Christopher (on Wood), by J. Patinier. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][207]
[Jacob receiving Joseph’s Coat, by Velazquez. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][208]
[The Penitent Magdalene, by L. Giordano. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][209]
[Mummy of Charles V., by V. Palmaroli. (The Escorial),][210]
[Jacob guarding the Flocks of Laban, by J. Ribera. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][211]
[The Satyr Marsyas flayed alive by Apollo, by L. Giordano. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][212]
[Lot and his Family, by A. Vaccaro. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][213]
[The Adoration of the Magi, by Veronèse. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][214]
[The Chastisement of Arachne, by L. Giordano. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][215]
[Alexander conquering Darius, by F. Solimena. (Monastery),][216]
[St. Maurice and other Martyrs, by El Greco. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][217]
[Queen Esther, by Tintoretto. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][218]
[The Annunciation, and the Birth of Christ, by Coxcis. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][219]
[The Holy Trinity, by J. Ribera. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][220]
[Vision of Jesus to His Mother, by P. Veronèse. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][221]
[The Carnation Gardener, by F. Bayeu. (Tapestry in the Palace),][222]
[The Water-seller, by F. Bayeu. (Tapestry in the Palace),][223]
[The Young Bull at Carabanchel de Abajo, by F. Bayeu. (Tapestry in the Palace),][224]
[Promenade of Las Delicias, by F. Bayeu. (Tapestry in the Palace),][225]
[The Pork Merchant, by F. Bayeu. (Tapestry in the Palace),][226]
[Departure for the Hunt, after P. Wouwerman, by Gines de Aguirre. (Tapestry in the Palace),][227]
[Descent from the Cross. (R. Van der Weyden),][228]
[Child riding a Sheep, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][229]
[A Lady and her Cavalier, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][230]
[Country Dance, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Dining Hall of the Palace),][231]
[Casting of Bullets in a Forest, by Goya. (Casa del Principe, Escorial),][232]
[The Kite, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Escorial Palace),][233]
[The Washerwomen, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][234]
[Young Man with a Bird, and a Bagpiper, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][235]
[A Promenade in Andalusia, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][236]
[The China Merchant, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][237]
[Dogs in a Leash, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][238]
[The Little Giants, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][239]
[The Grape-sellers, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][240]
[The Card-players, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][241]
[The Wood-cutters, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][242]
[Children picking Fruit, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][243]
[Children climbing a Tree, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][244]
[The See-saw, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][245]
[The Reapers, by F. Goya. (Tapestry in the Palace),][246]
[Tapestry after the Pompeian Style. (In the Palace),][247]
[Story of Telemachus: the Dance of the Nymphs. (Gobelin Tapestry in the Palace),][248]
[Story of Telemachus: Neptune wrecking Ulysses’ Vessel, (Gobelin Tapestry in the Palace),][249]
[Story of Telemachus: Calypso. (Gobelin Tapestry in the Palace),][250]
[Story of Telemachus: young Telemachus. (Gobelin Tapestry in the Palace),][251]
[Children playing at Bull-fighting, by F. Bayeu. (Tapestry in the Escorial Palace),][252]
[The Gardens of Buen Retiro. (Tapestry in the Palace),][253]
[St. Joseph and the Child Jesus. (Casa del Principe),][254]
[The Judgment of Solomon, by F. de Urbina. (Ceiling in the Prior’s Cell in the Monastery),][255]
[The Virgin, by Corrado. (Casa del Principe),][256]
[Woman reading a Letter, by D. Teniers. (Casa del Principe),][257]
[The Conversion of St. Paul, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe),][258]
[Apollo grieving over the Death of his son Phaeton: Buen-Retiro China. (Casa del Principe),][259]
[The Fall and Death of Julian the Apostate, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe),][260]
[The Bagpiper, by D. Teniers. (Casa del Principe),][261]
[St. John the Baptist, by Annibale Caracci. (Casa del Principe),][262]
[A Smoker, by D. Teniers. (Casa del Principe),][263]
[The Heliades, Daughters of the Sun, changed into Poplars, after the Death of their brother Phaeton: Buen-Retiro China. (Casa del Principe),][264]
[The Conception of the Virgin, by an unknown Artist. (Casa del Principe),][265]
[The Holy Family, by Raphael. (Casa del Principe),][266]
[Semiramis fighting the Enemy, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe),][267]
[The Rape of the Sabines, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe),][268]
[Allegory of America, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe),][269]
[Allegory of Asia, by L. Giordano. (Casa del Principe),][270]
[The Dream of Philip II., by El Greco. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial),][271]
[Effigies of the different Kings of Spain,][272]
[Effigies of the different Kings of Spain,][273]
[Effigies of the different Kings of Spain,][274]
[The Prince’s Room. (Escorial),][275]
[Pompeian Room. (Escorial),][276]
[Tower Room (Caseta de Abajo). (Escorial),][277]
[The Royal Palace and Monastery: plan and section,][278]

THE ESCORIAL

I
PHILIP II. AND THE ESCORIAL

Buildings, like poems or pictures, reflect the character of those who conceive and produce them. The Escorial may be likened to a document or a painting revealing the temperament, the aspirations, and the philosophy of a powerful, sombre, and withal, fascinating personality. Its severe form and its restrained embellishment are stamped with the individuality of the monarch who devoted the leisure of thirty years of his life to the erection, extension, improvement, and internal adornment of an immense and costly pile, comprising within its walls a monastery, a church, a burial-fane, a palace, a college, and a gallery of the arts. The Escorial was a place of retirement, an imposing hermitage for the devout and moody Philip II. of Spain. It is a monument to his power, a revelation of his mind; and, if we study the edifice, we shall learn what manner of man he was who founded it.

Ferdinand and Isabella consolidated Spain into one great empire, and under their grandson, Charles V., the nation advanced in greatness, until it held sway over vast regions of the New World. When the Emperor Charles yielded sovereignty, in 1556, the sceptre passed to his son, Philip. Two years after, upon the death of the Emperor (Sept. 21, 1558), Philip II. became ruler over the whole of the Spanish dominion at home and abroad.

The heir of Charles V. was born at Valladolid on May 21, 1527. His mother was the Empress Isabella, daughter of Emanuel the Great of Portugal, and by his father he descended from Charles the Bold of Burgundy. Under the tutorship of Juan Martinez Siliceo, the young prince received his education at the celebrated University of Salamanca. He excelled in knowledge of the classics, and exhibited considerable linguistic talent, for he was able to write in Latin with facility and possessed an acquaintance with French and Italian. Architecture, painting, and sculpture interested the youth, and he studied mathematics.

His royal mother died when Philip was twelve years old. Four years later the prince was betrothed to the Infanta Mary, daughter of John III. of Portugal and Catherine, sister of the Emperor Charles V. In 1543 this desired alliance with Portugal was confirmed by the marriage of Philip to his cousin, the Infanta, in the city of Salamanca. Shortly after the ceremony, the young pair went to reside in Valladolid, and here was born to them a son, Don Carlos, whose mysterious death in captivity at the age of twenty-three remains unexplained.

In giving birth to her first child, the princess lost her life. Before the rejoicings of the nation at the birth of a prince were at an end, the country was startled by the death of the young mother, and gaiety was suddenly changed to mourning. From the Cathedral of Granada, where the body of the Princess Mary was buried, the remains were afterwards removed to the stately mausoleum of the Escorial, the resting-place for the bones of the royal family of Spain, which was erected by Philip many years later.

In 1554 Philip II., not yet a sovereign, married Mary of England. The union was arranged by his father, Charles V., and for a time the prince lived in England with his bride. He was, however, called upon to attend the Emperor in Flanders, and was absent from Mary until 1557, when he again visited England. His stay was a brief one, for he was summoned in less than four months to the Netherlands. In the following year Queen Mary died.