The growth of medicine from the earliest times to about 1800 - Albert H. Buck

Oath, Hippocratic, [71]
Obstetric methods, rational, of Soranus, [138], [139]
Obstetrical forceps, [535]
Obstetrics, practice of, in ancient Egypt, [17]
Odyssey, reference to drugs in the, [18]
Oil of St. John’s wort, [522]
Oisypum (lanolin), first described by Dioscorides (100 A. D.), [318]
Old Testament, medicine of the, [26]
Oleum Hyperici, [522]
Onasilos, a physician, bronze tablet in honor of (5th century B. C.), found in Island of Cyprus, [99]
Opedeldoch, [404]
Ophthalmologists, early, [115]
Ophthalmology, important contributions to, [546]
Opium, probably the drug referred to by term “nepenthes,” [49]
proper manner of obtaining, first described by Scribonius Largus, [155]
Sydenham’s opinion with regard to the value of, [424]
Oporinus, Paracelsus’ assistant, [404]
Ordronaux, John, [250], [252]
Oribasius, [191]
Oriental medicine, [11]
Osiris, or Serapis, [19]
Over-eating, according to the ancient Egyptians, is the cause of the majority of diseases, [22]

Padua Medical School, [267], [352]
Pagel, [57]
Palermo, Sicily, a great centre of literary activity, [261]
Panadoes, how prepared, [443]
Panakeia, daughter of Aesculapius, [50]
Pancreas, outlet duct of, discovered in 1641, [358]
Paper, invention of, [328]
Papin, Denis, [547]
Paracelsus, [369], [401], [405], [465]
monument in honor of, at Basel, [406]
pharmaceutical preparations of, [404]
sayings of, [403]
treatises published by, [403]
Paracentesis abdominis, [110], [124]
Paramirum, title of Paracelsus’ principal treatise, [403]
Parchment invented at Pergamum in 3d century B. C., [101]
Paré, Ambroise (Figs.), [404], [499], [500], [502], [515]
abandons use of boiling oil, [503]
arrests bleeding from divided blood-vessels by use of ligatures, [512]
bitter jealousy shown by his contemporaries, [501]
charge of plagiarism against him not sustained, [514]
devises artery forceps and other surgical apparatus, [512]
exarticulation of elbow-joint performed by him, [508]
some of his sayings, [500], [501]
summary of his more important achievements in surgery, [513]
treatise on surgery not published in English until 1577, [518]
Paris Medical School, [282]
Parmenides, [73]
Parrenin, Father, Jesuit missionary, [541]
Pason (= Apollo), who invented the art of medicine, [18]
Passavant, Dean of the Collège de St. Côme at Paris, [284]
Passionarius, title of Gariopontus’ treatise, [247]
Pathology, Fernel’s scheme of, [415]
views held by Hippocrates, [86]
Pathology, internal, [389]
Patroclus dresses the wound of Eurypylus, [49]
Paul, the Apostle, bitten by a poisonous snake on the Island of Melita, [29]
Paulus Aegineta, [199], [227], [318]
Pecquet, Jean, rediscovers thoracic duct (in a dog), [384]
Pericardium, abscess in the, Avenzoar refers to its actual occurrence, [229]
Periodeuts or ambulant physicians, [75]
Persians, the ancient, medicine of, [25]
took very little interest in surgery, [26]
Peter the Great purchases Ruysch’s anatomical collection, [356]
Petroncellus, a teacher of medicine at Salerno, [245]
Peyer, Johann Conrad, [359]
Pfolspeundt, Heinrich von, [458], [460]
Pharmacist, early use of the term, [316]
Pharmacology, earliest treatise on, published by Dioscorides in 77 A. D., [158]
Pharmacopoeia, modern term for antidotarium, [319]
Augsburg, compiled by Minderer, [407]
modern, beginnings of, [547]
of India, very rich, [33]
Pharmacy, in its infancy, [315]
first regularly established in the 8th century, [318]
Pharmakon, term employed by Galen for a remedial drug, [316]
Philinus of Cos, [111]
Philosophers’ stone, [321]
Philosophy, schools of, in Greece and its colonies, [72]
Physicians, consultation of (Fig.), [457]
honored publicly in ancient Greece, [98], [99], [100]
more highly esteemed than surgeons in 14th century, [304]
suffered martyrdom for their Christian faith, [180]
Physiology, human, views held by Hippocrates, [86]
Pietro d’Abano, [266]
Pineau family, lithotomists, [549]
Pini, anatomical draughtsman, [348], [392]
Pitard, Jehan, Surgeon of Louis IX., [448], [530]
Pitcairn, Archibald, [367]
Plague at Athens, history of, by Thucydides, [96]
Plague, the, avoidance of, by Galen, [164]
Plants, medicinal virtues of, [157]
Platearius, John and Matthew, teachers of medicine at Salerno, [245]
Plato, [73], [78]
views of, with regard to women physicians, [77]
Platter, Felix, [336], [396], [455]
early experiences at Montpellier, [332]
Pleurisy, Boerhaave’s manner of treating it, [444]
Pliny the Elder, [155]
Pneuma, or breath, plays the most important rôle in the mechanism of life, [108]
or vital spirit, [141]
Pneumatism not popular with the physicians of Rome, [142]
Pneumatists, the, [141]
Podalic version, [535], [537]
Podalirius, [47]
Poisonous snakes, loss of life caused by the bites of, [64]
Polybus, son-in-law of Hippocrates, [82]
Pompeii, physicians’ houses disinterred at, [315]
Pons Varolii, [350]
Pores, system of, for conveyance of tissue juices, [122]
Portal, Paul, [539]
Poultices, too free use of, condemned, [467]
Power, D’Arcy, [307]
Practica chirurgiae of Roger, [254]
Practica oculorum of Benevenutus Grapheus, [256]
Practica of Bartholomaeus, [248]
Practica of Cophon the Younger, [249]
Practitioners, improper behavior of, in the sick room, [193]
Praepositus, meaning of the term, [253]
Praxagoras of Cos, [103]
probably the first to distinguish the difference between arteries and veins, [103]
Prayer formulae employed by the Babylonians as protective remedies, [13]
Pregnant women, dietetics of, [199]
Prehistoric period of science of medicine, [4]
Pre-Homeric period of medicine in Greece, [46]
Prescription writing first employed about A. D. 1400, [320]
Printing, invention of, favored advance of science of medicine, [328]
Priscianus, Theodorus, [192]
Proksch, [543]
Przymiot, title of early Polish treatise on syphilis, [479]
Ptolemies, learning greatly prospered under their reign, [100]
Ptolemy Euergetes, or Physcon, [116]
Pulse, meaning of, according to Athenaeus, [142]
Pulsific power of arteries (Galen), [381]
Purkinje’s bone-corpuscles, [362]
Puschmann, [70], [107], [196], [232], [257], [311], [365], [394]
Pyaemia, Wuertz’s views regarding, [469]
Pythagoras, [73], [74]
medical doctrines propounded by, [147]
Python, Aesculapius represented in the presence of a, [65]

Quintessences of Paracelsus, [405]
Quintus, one of Galen’s teachers, [162]

Rabelais, François, celebrated humorous writer, was a physician, [451]
Rabisu, the demon who causes diseases of the skin, [13]
Raphael’s celebrated painting showing Plato and Aristotle, [102]
Rational system of medicine, beginnings of, in Greece, [67]
Recipes, books of, take the place of physicians in Rome, [117]
Red-hot cautery iron too freely used for arresting bleeding, [466]
Refraction, researches of Alhazen in regard to, [233]
Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, [246]
Arnold’s commentary on, [294]
Relics, saintly, universal faith in their power to heal diseases, [241]
Remedial agents, genuine, employed in Babylonia, [13]
Remedies, household, Cato’s collection of, [123]
Renaissance, influence of, upon progress of medicine in Western Europe, [259]
Renan, Ernest, [229], [231]
Renzi, de, on books written by physicians at Salerno, [246]
Repercussion, [526]
Respiration, physiology of, according to Erasistratus, [108]
according to Aretaeus, [144]
Rete Malpighi, [361]
Rhazes, illustrious Persian physician, [219], [318]
Rhinoplasty in Italy in the 15th century, [459]
Rhodion, [533]
Riolan, J., [360]
Roesslin, Eucharius, [533]
Roger’s Practica, the oldest treatise on surgery written in Italy during the Middle Ages, [254]
Rokitansky, the famous Viennese pathologist, advice of, to those about to study medicine, [3]
Roland of Parma, [254], [279]
Roman physicians, of foreign birth, awarded rights of citizenship by Julius Caesar, [130]
Romano Pane publishes first account of discovery of tobacco, [395]
Rome, state of medicine at, after the death of Asclepiades, [129]
Rosa anglica, title of treatise written by John of Gaddesden, [306]
Rousset, François, [535]
Royal Society of London, founding of, [363]
Rudbeck, Olaus, [358], [385]
Rufus of Ephesus, [145], [146]
Ruysch, Friedrich, the anatomist, [356], [358]

Sabour ben Sahl, [209]
Sage femme, possible origin of the term, [247]
Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, [524]
Saint Basil, founder of a hospital at Caesarea, [236]
Saint Côme, Collège de, [490]
Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian, Brotherhood of, [530]
Saladin of Ascolo, author of first modern treatise on materia medica, [320]
Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, [225]
Salamanca, University of, [346]
Salerno Medical School, [243], [244], [265]
women teachers at, [245]
Saliceto, William of, [277]
Salmouïh ben Bayan, a distinguished pupil of the Djondisabour school, [210]
Salvino degli Armati of Florence, reputed inventor of spectacles, [297]
Sanctorius Sanctorinus, [368]
Sandwith, Dr. F. M., concerning the most ancient surgical implements thus far discovered, [9]
Sanguification, Galen’s theory of, [385]
Sanitary science in the 15th century, [314]
Sapienza, University of, at Rome, [391]
Sarsaparilla, [395]
Savonarola, Giovanni Michele, [313]
Schielhans, nickname of Hans von Gerssdorff, [460]
Schneider, Conrad Victor, [359]
School of Salerno, title of poem, [250]
Schools, significance of the term, [74]
Scotus or Scottus, [262]
Scribonius Largus, [155], [413]
Sects in Medicine, [101], [147], [149]
Septicaemia, Wuertz’s views regarding, [470], [471]
Serapion the Elder, [210]
Serapis or Osiris, [19]
Serpent, significance of the, in the statues and votive tablets exposed to view in the Aesculapian temples, [62]
Servetus, Michael, [375]
on the circulation of the blood, [376]
Shoulder, dislocation of, cured by Gabriel Bakhtichou, [207]
Simon Januensis, [261]
Sismondi, the historian, [116]
Skull, fractures of, [286], [476]
Slaves sold by Romans when they became old and feeble, [235]
Sleep-walking, instance of, narrated by Alderotti, [273]
Small-pox described by Herodotus, [142]
earliest treatise upon, [220]
Gaddesden’s successful treatment of, [306]
prophylactic inoculation against, [43]
Smith, Sir William, [103]
Snake, poisonous, treatment of bite by, [110]
Snakeroot, an antidote for poisoning by the bite of a snake, [7]
Sobieski, King of Poland, purchases Ruysch’s second anatomical collection, [358]
Social hygiene, the Mosaic laws relate particularly to, [26]
Socrates, [73]
Soporific sponges, [253]
Soranus of Ephesus, [138], [139], [159]
rational obstetric methods of, [139]
Soul, spirit of the, [291]
Soul, the, is the blood, according to Servetus, [376]
Spain, medicine flourished in, during the 10th century, [226]
Spanish surgeons of the 16th century, [484]
Specialization in medicine, [114]
Spectacles, use of, first mentioned by Gordonius (A. D. 1285), [297]
Speculum, aural, employed by Jean de Vigo, [473]
majus, of Vincent Beauvais, [270]
vaginal, of Paulus Aegineta, [201]
Spine, curvature of, [313]
Spirit, the, [291], [374]
disorders of, [141]
of Mindererus, [407]
Splenia, [526]
Splints made with bundles of straw, [304]
Sprengel, Kurt, [342]
Springs, European, in 16th century, [323]
Stahl, Georg Ernst, [431]
doctrine of animism, [432]
his “phlogiston,” [433]
treatise on “theoria medica vera,” [432]
Steno, Nicholas (Niels Stensen), [359]
Stibium, [158]
Stoics, the, [102]
Stone in the bladder, cutting for, [494]
Gaddesden’s peculiar method of treating, [306]
method of operating kept a secret by lithotomists, [447]
Strangulated hernia, Franco’s operation for, [492]
Straton, a skilful gynaecologist, [115]
Straw splints, for use in fractures, [304]
Strictum and laxum, terms employed by the Methodists, [130]
Boerhaave adopts the doctrine, [442]
Styrus, one of Galen’s teachers, [162]
Suggestion, power of, over the human mind, [241]
Superstitious beliefs constitute one of the most extraordinary characteristics of the human race, [10]
Surgeon, characteristics which he should possess, [285]
Surgeons of the long robe, a name given to members of the Collège de St. Côme, [448]
Surgery, considered a menial occupation during the Renaissance (Fig.), [306], [447]
early, in Great Britain, [516], [523]
strong prejudice against among French physicians of the 15th century, [300]
systematic instruction in, first given at Montpellier in 1597, [448]
Surgical operations in the age of primitive medicine, [8]
Susruta, celebrated East Indian medical author, [31]
Swammerdam, John, [356]
Sydenham, Thomas, [418]
a great sufferer from gout, [421]
describes an “inflammation of the blood,” [423]
experience with the great epidemic of the Plague, [421]
on the nature of fever, [423]
treatises published by, [419]
Sylvius (Franz de le Boë), [367], [427]
clinical instruction cultivated by him at Leyden, [428], [429]
treatises published by him, [428]
Sylvius, the anatomist, [340]
Syphilis, [473], [542]
poem relating to, [391]
Syriac ulcer (known to-day as pharyngeal diphtheria), [144]
Syringe, earliest reference to use of, to be found in Abulcasis’ treatise on surgery, [227]
Syringotome, [313]
Szandalani, Arabic name for pharmacists, [318]