CONTENTS

[I.]ANCESTRY AND ENVIRONMENT[1]
The defeat of Braddock—Influence on American opinion—Washington'sheroism—Effect on Marshall's parents—Marshall'sbirth—American solidarity the first lesson taught him—Marshall'sancestry—Curious similarity to that of Jefferson, to whomhe was related—The paternal line: the "Marshall legend"—Maternalline: the Randolphs, the Ishams, and the Keiths—Characterof Marshall's parents—Colonial Virginia society—Shiftlessagriculture and abundant land—Influence of slavery—Jefferson'sanalysis—Drinking heavy and universal—Educationof the gentry and of the common people—The social divisions—Causesof the aristocratic tone of Virginia society—The backwoodsmen—Theircharacter—Superiority of an occasional frontierfamily—The Marshalls of this class—The illustrious men producedby Virginia just before the Revolution.
[II.]A FRONTIER EDUCATION[33]
Marshall's wilderness birthplace—His father removes to theBlue Ridge—The little house in "The Hollow"—Neighbors fewand distant—Daily life of the frontier family—Marshall's delightin nature—Effect on his physical and mental development—Hisadmiration for his father—The father's influence over and trainingof his son—Books: Pope's Poems—Marshall commits tomemory at the age of twelve many passages—The "Essay on Man"—Marshall'sfather an assistant of Washington in surveying theFairfax grant—Story of Lord Fairfax—His influence on Washingtonand on Marshall's father—Effect on Marshall—His fatherelected Burgess from Fauquier County—Vestryman, Sheriff, andleading man of his county—He buys the land in "The Hollow"—JohnThompson, deacon, teaches Marshall for a year—His fatherbuys more land and removes to Oak Hill—Subscribes to the firstAmerican edition of Blackstone—Military training interferes withMarshall's reading of Blackstone—He is sent to Campbell's Academyfor a few months—Marshall's father as Burgess supports PatrickHenry, who defeats the tidewater aristocracy in the Robinson loan-officecontest—Henry offers his resolutions on the Stamp Act: "Ifthis be treason, make the most of it"—Marshall's father votes withHenry—1775 and Henry's "Resolutions for Arming and Defense"—Hisfamous speech: "Give me liberty or give me death"—Marshall'sfather again supports Henry—Marshall learns from hisfather of these great events—Father and son ready to take thefield against the British.
[III.]A SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION[69]
The "Minute Men" of Virginia—Lieutenant John Marshalldrills his company and makes a war speech—His appearance in hisnineteenth year—Uniforms of the frontier—The sanguinaryfight at Great Bridge—Norfolk—The Marshalls in the Continentalservice, the father as major, the son as lieutenant—Conditionof the army—Confusion of authority—Unreliability of militia"who are here to-day and gone to-morrow"—Fatal effect ofState control—Inefficiency and powerlessness of Congress—Destitutionof the troops: "our sick naked and well naked"—Officersresign, privates desert—The harsh discipline required: menwhipped, hanged, and shot—Impression on Marshall—He ispromoted to be captain-lieutenant—The march through disaffectedPhiladelphia—Marshall one of picked men forming thelight infantry—Iron Hill—The battle of the Brandywine—Marshall'sfather and his Virginians prevent entire disaster—Marshall'spart in the battle—The retreat—The weather saves theAmericans—Marshall one of rear guard under Wayne—Thearmy recovers and tries to stop the British advance—Confused byfalse reports of the country people who are against the patriots "almostto a man"—Philadelphia falls—The battle of Germantown—Marshallat the bloodiest point of the fight—The retreat ofthe beaten Americans—Unreasonable demands of "public opinion"—Furtherdecline of American fortunes—Duché's letter toWashington: "How fruitless the expense of blood"—Washingtonfaces the British—The impending battle—Marshall's vivid description—TheBritish withdraw.
[IV.]VALLEY FORGE AND AFTER[108]
The bitter winter of 1777—The British in Philadelphia: abundanceof provisions, warm and comfortable quarters, social gayeties,revels of officers and men—The Americans at Valley Forge,"the most celebrated encampment in the world's history": starvationand nakedness—Surgeon Waldo's diary of "camp-life":"I'll live like a Chameleon upon Air"—Waldo's description of soldiers'appearance—Terrible mortality from sickness—The filthy"hospitals"—Moravians at Bethlehem—The Good Samaritansto the patriots—Marshall's cheerfulness: "the best temperedman I ever knew"—His pranks and jokes—Visitors to the campremark his superior intelligence—Settles disputes of his comrades—Harddiscipline at Valley Forge: a woman given a hundred lashes—Washingtonalone holds army together—Jealousy of and shamefulattacks upon him—The "Conway Cabal"—His dignity in theface of slander—His indignant letter to Congress—Faith of thesoldiers in Washington—The absurd popular demand that he attackPhiladelphia—The amazing inferiority of Congress—Ablestmen refuse to attend—Washington's pathetic letter on the subject:"Send your ablest men to Congress; Where is Jefferson"—Talkof the soldiers at Valley Forge—Jefferson in the Virginia Legislature—Comparisonof Marshall and Jefferson at this period—Marshallappointed Deputy Judge Advocate of the army—Burnaby'sappeal to Washington to stop the war: efforts at reconciliation—Washington'saccount of the sufferings of the army—The springof 1778—Sports in camp—Marshall the best athlete in his regiment:"Silver Heels" Marshall—The Alliance with the King ofFrance—Rejoicing of the Americans at Valley Forge—Washingtonhas misgivings—The services of Baron von Steuben—LordHowe's departure—The "Mischianza"—The British evacuatePhiladelphia—The Americans quick in pursuit—The battle ofMonmouth—Marshall in the thick of the fight—His fairness toLee—Promoted to be captain—One of select light infantry underWayne, assigned to take Stony Point—The assault of that stronghold—Marshallin the reserve command—One of the pickedmen under "Light Horse Harry" Lee—The brilliant dash uponPowles Hook—Term of enlistment of Marshall's regiment expiresand he is left without a command—Returns to Virginia whilewaiting for new troops to be raised—Arnold invades Virginia—Jeffersonis Governor; he fails to prepare—Marshall one of partyto attack the British—Effect of Jefferson's conduct on Marshalland the people—Comment of Virginia women—Inquiry in Legislatureas to Jefferson's conduct—Effect of Marshall's army experienceon his thinking—The roots of his great Nationalistopinions run back to Valley Forge.
[V.]MARRIAGE AND LAW BEGINNINGS[148]
Marshall's romance—Visits his father who is commanding atYorktown—Mythical story of his father's capture at Charleston—TheAmbler family—Rebecca Burwell, Jefferson's early love—Attractivenessof the Amblers—The "ball" at Yorktown—Highexpectations of the young women concerning Marshall—Their disappointmentat his uncouth appearance and rustic manners—Hemeets Mary Ambler—Mutual love at first sight—Her sister'sdescription of the ball and of Marshall—The courtship—Marshallgoes to William and Mary College for a few weeks—Descriptionof the college—Marshall elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society—Attendsthe law lectures of Mr. Wythe—The Ambler daughterspass though Williamsburg—The "ball" at "The Palace"—ElizaAmbler's account: "Marshall was devoted to my sister"—Marshallleaves college and follows Mary Ambler to Richmond—Secureslicense to practice law—Resigns his command—Walksto Philadelphia to be inoculated against smallpox—Tavern-keeperrefuses to take him in because of his appearance—Returnsto Virginia and resumes his courtship of Mary Ambler—Marshall'saccount of his love-making—His sister-in-law's descriptionof Marshall's suit—Marshall's father goes to Kentucky and returns—Marshallelected to the Legislature from Fauquier County—Hemarries Mary Ambler: "but one solitary guinea left"—Financialcondition of Marshall's father at this time—Lack of readymoney everywhere—Marshall's account—He sets up housekeepingin Richmond—Description of Richmond at that time—Brilliantbar of the town—"Marshall's slender legal equipment"—Thenotes he made of Mr. Wythe's lectures—His AccountBook—Examples of his earnings and expenditures from 1783 until1787—Life of the period—His jolly letter to Monroe—Hisbooks—Elected City Recorder—Marshall's first notable case:Hite vs. Fairfax—His first recorded argument—His wife becomesan invalid—His tender care of her—Mrs. Carrington's account:Marshall "always and under every circumstance, an enthusiastin love."
[VI.]IN THE LEGISLATURE AND COUNCIL OF STATE[200]
In the House of Delegates—The building where the Legislaturemet—Costumes and manners of the members—-Marshall's popularityand his father's influence secure his election—He is appointedon important committees—His first vote—examples oflegislative business—Poor quality of the Legislature: Madison'sdisgust, Washington's opinion—Marshall's description and remarkableerror—He is elected member of Council of State—Pendletoncriticizes the elevation of Marshall—Work as member ofCouncil—Resigns from Council because of criticism of judges—Seeksand secures reëlection to Legislature from FauquierCounty—Inaccuracy of accepted account of these incidents—Marshall'sletter to Monroe stating the facts—Becomes championof needy Revolutionary soldiers—Leads fight for relief of ThomasPaine—Examples of temper of the Legislature—Marshall favorsnew Constitution for Virginia—The "Potowmack Company"—Billsconcerning courts—Reform of the High Court of Chancery—Thereligious controversy—State of religion in Virginia—Marshall'slanguid interest in the subject—Great question of the Britishdebts—Long-continued fight over payment or confiscation—Marshallsteadily votes and works for payment of the debts—Effectof this contest on his economic and political views—His letter toMonroe—Instability of Legislature: a majority of thirty-threechanged in two weeks to an adverse majority of forty-nine—NoNational Government—Resolution against allowing Congress tolay any tax whatever: "May prove destructive of rights and libertiesof the people"—The debts of the Confederation—Madison'sextradition bill—Contempt of the pioneers for treaties—Settlers'unjust and brutal treatment of the Indians—Struggle overMadison's bill—Patrick Henry saves it—Marshall supports it—Henry'sbill for amalgamation of Indians and whites—Marshallregrets its defeat—Anti-National sentiment of the people—Steadychange in Marshall's ideas—Mercantile and financial interestssecure the Constitution—Shall Virginia call a Conventionto ratify it?—Marshall harmonizes differences and Conventionis called—He is in the first clash over Nationalism.
[VII.]LIFE OF THE PEOPLE: COMMUNITY ISOLATION[250]
The state of the country—A résumé of conditions—Revolutionaryleaders begin to doubt the people—Causes of this doubt—Isolationof communities—Highways and roads—Difficulty anddanger of travel—The road from Philadelphia to Boston: betweenBoston and New York—Roads in interior of New England, NewYork, Philadelphia, and New Jersey—Jefferson's account of roadsfrom Richmond to New York—Traveler lost in the "very thickwoods" on way from Alexandria to Mount Vernon to visit Washington—Traveland transportation in Virginia—Ruinous effect oncommerce—Chastellux lost on journey to Monticello to visit Jefferson—Talleyrand'sdescription of country—Slowness of mails—Threeweeks or a month and sometimes two months required betweenVirginia and New York—Mail several months in reachinginterior towns—News that Massachusetts had ratified the Constitutioneight days in reaching New York—Ocean mail service—lettersopened by postmasters or carriers—Scarcity of newspapers—Theiruntrustworthiness—Their violent abuse of public men—Franklin'sdenunciation of the press: he advises "the liberty ofthe cudgel" to restrain "the liberty of the press"—Jefferson'sdisgust—The country newspaper: Freneau's "The CountryPrinter"—The scantiness of education—Teachers and schools—Thebackwoodsmen—The source of abnormal American individualism—Thesuccessive waves of settlers—Their ignorance,improvidence, and lack of social ideals—Habits and characteristicsof Virginians—Jefferson's harsh description of them—Foodof the people—Their houses—Continuous drinking ofbrandy, rum, and whiskey—This common to whole country—Lackof community consciousness—Abhorrence of any NationalGovernment.
[VIII.]POPULAR ANTAGONISM TO GOVERNMENT[288]
Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"—Its tremendous influence:"Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil"—Popularantagonism to the very idea of government—Impossibilityof correcting falsehoods told to the people—Popular credulity—Thelocal demagogue—North Carolina preacher's idea ofthe Constitution—Grotesque campaign story about Washingtonand Adams—Persistence of political canard against Levin Powell—Amazingstatements about the Society of the Cincinnati:Ædanus Burke's pamphlet; Mirabeau's pamphlet; Jefferson'sdenunciation—Marshall and his father members of the Cincinnati—Effectupon him of the extravagant abuse of this patrioticorder—Popular desire for general division of property and repudiationof debts—Madison's bitter comment—Jay on populargreed and "impatience of government"—Paper money—Popularidea of money—Shays's Rebellion—Marshall's analysis ofits objects—Knox's report of it—Madison comes to the conclusionthat "the bulk of mankind" are incapable of dealing withweighty subjects—Washington in despair—He declares mankindunfit for their own government—Marshall also fears that "manis incapable of governing himself"—Jefferson in Paris—Effect onhis mind of conditions in France—His description of the Frenchpeople—Jefferson applauds Shays's Rebellion: "The tree of libertymust be refreshed by the blood of patriots and tyrants"—Influenceof French philosophy on Jefferson—The impotence ofCongress under the Confederation—Dishonorable conduct of theStates—Leading men ascribe evil conditions to the people themselves—Viewsof Washington, Jay, and Madison—State Sovereigntythe shield of turmoil and baseness—Efforts of commercialand financial interests produce the Constitution—Madisonwants a National Government with power of veto on all State laws"whatsoever"—Jefferson thinks the Articles of Confederation "awonderfully perfect instrument"—He opposes a "strong government"—Isapprehensive of the Constitution—Thinks destructionof credit a good thing—Wishes America "to stand withrespect to Europe precisely on the footing of China"—The line ofcleavage regarding the Constitution—Marshall for the Constitution.
[IX.]THE STRUGGLE FOR RATIFICATION[319]
The historic Convention of 1788 assembles—Richmond at thattime—General ignorance of the Constitution—Even most membersof the Convention poorly informed—Vague popular idea ofConstitution as something foreign, powerful, and forbidding—Peoplein Virginia strongly opposed to it—The Virginia debate tobe the greatest ever held over the Constitution—The revolutionarycharacter of the Constitution: would not have beenframed if the people had known of the purposes of the FederalConvention at Philadelphia: "A child of fortune"—Ratificationhurried—Pennsylvania Convention: hastily called, physicalviolence, small number of people vote at election of members toPennsylvania Convention—People's ignorance of the Constitution—Chargesof the opposition—"The humble address of thelow born"—Debate in Pennsylvania Convention—Able "Addressof Minority"—Nationalism of the Constitution the principalobjection—Letters of "Centinel": the Constitution "a spuriousbrat"—Attack on Robert Morris—Constitutionalist replies:"Sowers of sedition"—Madison alarmed—The struggle inMassachusetts—Conciliatory tactics of Constitutionalists—Upperclasses for Constitution—Common people generally opposed—Manytowns refuse to send delegates to the Convention—Contemporarydescriptions of the elections—High ability andcharacter of Constitutionalist members—Self-confessed ignoranceand incapacity of opposition: Madison writes that there is "Scarcelya man of respectability among them"—Their pathetic fight againstthe Constitution—Examples of their arguments—The bargainwith Hancock secures enough votes to ratify—The slender majority:one hundred and sixty-eight vote against ratification—Methodsof Constitutionalists after ratification—Widgery's amusingaccount: hogsheads of rum—Gerry's lament—Bribery charged—NewHampshire almost rejects Constitution—Convention adjournedto prevent defeat—"Little information among the people,"but most "men of property and abilities" for Constitution—Constitutionreceives no deliberate consideration until debated inthe Virginia Convention—Notable ability of the leaders of bothsides in the Virginia contest.
[X.]IN THE GREAT CONVENTION[357]
Virginia the deciding State—Anxiety of Constitutionalists inother States—Hamilton writes Madison: "No hope unless Virginiaratifies"—Economic and political importance of Virginia—Extremeeffort of both sides to elect members to the Convention—Preëlectionmethods of the Constitutionalists—They capture Randolph—Marshallelected from opposition constituency—Preëlectionmethods of Anti-Constitutionalists—The Convention meets—Neitherside sure of a majority—Perfect discipline and astuteConvention tactics of the Constitutionalists—They secure the twopowerful offices of the Convention—The opposition have no planof action—Description of George Mason—His grave error in parliamentarytactics—Constitutionalists take advantage of it: theConstitution to be debated clause by clause—Analysis of the opposingforces: an economic class struggle, Nationalism against provincialism—Henrytries to remedy Mason's mistake—Pendletonspeaks and the debate begins—Nicholas speaks—His characterand personal appearance—Patrick Henry secures the floor—Descriptionof Henry—He attacks the Constitution: why "we thepeople instead of we the States"? Randolph replies—His mannerand appearance—His support of the Constitution surprises theopposition—His speech—His about-face saves the Constitution—TheClinton letter: if Randolph discloses it the Anti-Constitutionalistswill win—He keeps it from knowledge of the Convention—Decisiveimportance of Randolph's action—His change ascribedto improper motives—Mason answers Randolph and again makestactical error—Madison fails to speak—Description of EdmundPendleton—He addresses the Convention: "the war is between governmentand licentiousness"—"Light Horse Harry" Lee—Theermine and the sword—Henry secures the floor—His greatspeech: the Constitution "a revolution as radical as that which separatedus from Great Britain"—The proposed National Governmentsomething foreign and monstrous—"This government is nota Virginian but an American government"—Marshall studies thearguments and methods of the debaters—Randolph answersHenry: "I am a child of the Revolution"—His error concerningJosiah Philips—His speech ineffective—Description of JamesMadison—He makes the first of his powerful expositions of theConstitution, but has little or no effect on the votes of the members—Speechof youthful Francis Corbin—Randolph's futile effort—Madisonmakes the second of his masterful speeches—Henry replies—Hiswonderful art—He attacks Randolph for his apostasy—Hecloses the first week's debate with the Convention underhis spell.
[XI.]THE SUPREME DEBATE[401]
Political managers from other States appear—Gouverneur Morrisand Robert Morris for the Constitutionalists and Eleazer Oswaldfor the opposition—Morris's letter: "depredations on mypurse"—Grayson's letter: "our affairs suspended by a thread"—Openingsecond week of the debate—The New Academy crowded—Henryresumes his speech—Appeals to the Kentucky members,denounces secrecy of Federal Convention, attacks Nationalism—Leecriticizes lobbying "out of doors" and rebukes Henry—Randolphattacks Henry: "If our friendship must fall, let it falllike Lucifer, never to rise again"—Randolph challenges Henry: aduel narrowly averted—Personal appearance of James Monroe—Hespeaks for the Revolutionary soldiers against the Constitutionand makes no impression—Marshall put forward by the Constitutionalists—Descriptionof him: badly dressed, poetic-looking,"habits convivial almost to excess"—Best-liked man in the Convention;considered an orator—Marshall's speech: Constitutionaliststhe "firm friends of liberty"; "we, sir, idolize democracy";only a National Government can promote the general welfare—Marshall'sargument his first recorded expression on the Constitution—Mostof speech on necessity of providing against war andinspired by his military experience—Description of BenjaminHarrison—Mason attacks power of National taxation and sneersat the "well-born"—He denounces Randolph—Lee answerswith a show of anger—William Grayson secures the floor—Hischaracter, attainments, and appearance—His learned and wittyspeech: "We are too young to know what we are good for"—Pendletonanswers: "government necessary to protect liberty"—Madisonmakes his fourth great argument—Henry replies: "thetyranny of Philadelphia [National Government] may be like thetyranny of George III, a horrid, wretched, dreadful picture";Henry's vision of the West—Tremendous effect on the Convention—Letterof Gouverneur Morris to Hamilton describing theConvention—Madison's report to Hamilton and to Washington:"the business is in the most ticklish state that can be imagined"—Marshallspeaks again—Military speech: "United we are strong,divided we fall"—Grayson answers Marshall—Mason andHenry refer to "vast speculations": "we may be taxed for centuriesto give advantage to rapacious speculators"—Grayson'sletter to Dane—The advantage with the Anti-Constitutionalistsat the end of the second week.
[XII.]THE STRATEGY OF VICTORY[444]
The climax of the fight—The Judiciary the weakest point forthe Constitutionalists—Reasons for this—Especially carefulplans of the Constitutionalists for this part of the debate—Pendletonexpounds the Judiciary clause—Mason attacks it—Hischarge as to secret purpose of many Constitutionalists—His extremecourtesy causes him again to make a tactical error—He refersto the Fairfax grant—A clever appeal to members from the NorthernNeck—Madison's distinguished address—Henry answersMadison—His thrilling speech: "Old as I am, it is probable Imay yet have the appellation of rebel. As to this government[the Constitution] I despise and abhor it"—Marshall takesthe floor—Selected by the Constitutionalists to make theprincipal argument for the Judiciary clause—His speech prepared—TheNational Judiciary "will benefit collective Society";National Courts will be as fair as State Courts; independenceof judges necessary; if Congress should pass an unconstitutionallaw the National Courts "would declare it void"; theyalone the only "protection from an infringement of the Constitution";State courts "crowded with suits which the life of manwill not see determined"; National Courts needed to relieve thiscongestion; under the Constitution, States cannot be sued inNational Courts; the Constitution does not exclude trial by jury:"Does the word court only mean the judges?"; comparison withthe Judiciary establishment of Virginia; reply to Mason's argumenton the Fairfax title; "what security have you for justice?The independence of your Judiciary!"—Marshall's speechunconnected and discursive, but the Constitutionalists rest theircase upon it—Madison's report to Hamilton: "If we can weatherthe storm against the Judiciary I shall hold the danger to be prettywell over"—Anti-Constitutionalists try to prolong debate untilmeeting of Legislature which is strongly against the Constitution—Secessionthreatened—Madison's letter to Hamilton—Contestso close that "ordinary casualties may vary the result"—Henryanswers Marshall—His compliment to the young lawyer—Hisreference to the Indians arouses Colonel Stephen who harshlyassails Henry—Nicholas insults Henry, who demands anexplanation—Debate draws to a close—Mason intimates forcible resistanceto the Constitution—Lee rebukes him—The Constitutionalistsforestall Henry and offer amendments—Henry's lastspeech: "Nine-tenths of the people" against the Constitution;Henry's vision of the future; a sudden and terrific storm aidshis dramatic climax; members and spectators in awe—TheLegislature convenes—Quick, resolute action of the Constitutionalists—Henryadmits defeat—The Virginia amendments—Absurdityof some of them—Necessary to secure ratification—Marshallon the committee to report amendments—Constitutionalistswin by a majority of only ten—Of these, two voteagainst their instructions and eight vote against the well-knowndesires of their constituents—The Clinton letter at last disclosed—Mason'swrath—Henry prevents Anti-Constitutionalists fromtalking measures to resist the new National Government—Washington'saccount: "Impossible for anybody not on the spot to conceivewhat the delicacy and danger of our situation have been."
[APPENDIX][481]
[I.] Will of Thomas Marshall, "Carpenter"[483]
[II.] Will of John Marshall "of the Forest"[485]
[III.] Deed of William Marshall to John Marshall"of the Forest"[487]
[IV.] Memorial of Thomas Marshall for MilitaryEmoluments[489]
[WORKS CITED IN THIS VOLUME][491]

ILLUSTRATIONS

JOHN MARSHALL AT 43[Colored Frontispiece]
From a miniature painted on ivory by an unknown artist. It wasexecuted in Paris in 1797-98, when Marshall was there on the X. Y. Z.Mission. It is now in the possession of Miss Emily Harvie, of Richmond,Virginia. It is the only portrait in existence of Marshall at thisperiod of his life and faithfully portrays him as he was at the time of hisintellectual duel with Talleyrand.
COLONEL WILLIAM RANDOLPH[10]
From a copy in the possession of Mr. Douglas H. Thomas, of Baltimore,after the original portrait in the possession of Mr. Edward C.Mayo, of Richmond. The painter of the original is unknown. It waspainted about 1673 and has passed down through successive generationsof the family. Mr. Thomas's copy is a faithful one, and has beenused for reproduction here because the original is not sufficiently clearand distinct for the purpose.
MARY ISHAM RANDOLPH, WIFE OF COLONEL WILLIAM RANDOLPH[10]
From a copy in the possession of Mr. Douglas H. Thomas, of Baltimore,after the original in the possession of Miss Anne MortimerMinor. The original portrait was painted about 1673 by an unknownartist. It is incapable of satisfactory reproduction.
COLONEL THOMAS MARSHALL, THE FATHER OF JOHN MARSHALL[14]
From a portrait in the possession of Charles Edward Marshall, ofGlen Mary, Kentucky. This is the only portrait or likeness of anykind in existence of John Marshall's father. It was painted at sometime between 1790 and 1800 and was inherited by Charles EdwardMarshall from his parents, Charles Edward and Judith LanghorneMarshall. The name of the painter of this unusual portrait is not known.
MARY RANDOLPH (KEITH) MARSHALL, WIFE OF THOMAS MARSHALL AND MOTHER OF JOHN MARSHALL[18]
From a portrait in the possession of Miss Sallie Marshall, of Leeds,Virginia. The portrait was painted at some time between 1790 and1800, but the painter's name is unknown. The reproduction is from aphotograph furnished by Mr. Douglas H. Thomas.
"THE HOLLOW"[36]
The Blue Ridge home of the Marshall family where John Marshalllived from early childhood to his eighteenth year. The house is situatedon a farm at Markham, Va. From a photograph.
OAK HILL[56]
From a water-color in the possession of Mr. Thomas Marshall Smith,of Baltimore. The small house at the rear of the right of the main buildingwas the original dwelling, built by John Marshall's father in 1773.The Marshall family lived here until after the Revolution. The largebuilding was added nearly forty years afterward by Thomas Marshall,son of the Chief Justice. The name of the painter is unknown.
OAK HILL[64]
This is the original house, built in 1773 and carefully kept in repair.The brick pavement is a modern improvement. From a photograph.
FACSIMILE OF THE LAST PAGE OF A LETTER FROM JOHN MARSHALL TO HIS WIFE, DESCRIBING THEIR COURTSHIP[152]
This letter was written at Washington, February 23, 1824, forty-oneyears after their marriage. No part of it has ever before been published.
MARY AMBLER MARSHALL, THE WIFE OF JOHN MARSHALL[168]
A crayon drawing from the original painting now in the possession ofMrs. Carroll, a granddaughter of John Marshall, living at Leeds Manor,Va. This is the only painting of Mrs. Marshall in existence and thename of the artist is unknown.
RICHMOND IN 1800[184]
From a painting in the rooms of the Virginia Historical Society.
FACSIMILE OF A PAGE OF MARSHALL'S ACCOUNT BOOK, MAY, 1787[198]
In this book Marshall kept his accounts of receipts and expenses fortwelve years after his marriage in 1783. In the first part of it he alsorecorded his notes of law lectures during his brief attendance at Williamand Mary College. The original volume is owned by Mrs. John K.Mason, of Richmond.
FACSIMILES OF SIGNATURES OF JOHN MARSHALL AT TWENTY-NINE AND FORTY-TWO AND OF THOMAS MARSHALL[210]
These signatures are remarkable as showing the extreme dissimilaritybetween the signature of Marshall as a member of the Council ofState before he was thirty and his signature in his mature manhood, andalso as showing the basic similarity between the signatures of Marshalland his father. The signature of Marshall as a member of the Councilof State in 1784 is from the original minutes of the Council in the Archivesof the Virginia State Library. His 1797 signature is from a letterto his wife, the original of which is in the possession of Miss Emily Harvie,of Richmond. The signature of Thomas Marshall is from the originalroster of the officers of his regiment in the Manuscripts Division ofthe Library of Congress.
FACSIMILE OF THE FIRST PAGE OF A LETTER FROM MARSHALL TO JAMES MONROE, APRIL 17, 1784[212]
From the original in the Manuscript Division of the New York PublicLibrary. This letter has never before been published. It is extremelyimportant in that it corrects extravagant errors concerning Marshall'sresignation from the Council of State and his reëlection to the legislature.
JOHN MARSHALL[294]
From a profile drawing by Charles Balthazar Julien Fèvre de SaintMémin, in the possession of Miss Emily Harvey of Richmond, Va., agranddaughter of John Marshall. Autograph from manuscript collectionin the Library of the Boston Athenæum.
GEORGE WYTHE[368]
From an engraving by J. B. Longacre after a portrait by an unknownpainter in the possession of the Virginia State Library. George Wythewas Professor of Law at William and Mary College during Marshall'sbrief attendance.
JOHN MARSHALL[420]
From a painting by J. B. Martin in the Robe Room of the SupremeCourt of the United States, Washington, D.C.
PATRICK HENRY[470]
From a copy (in the possession of the Westmoreland Club, of Richmond)of the portrait by Thomas Sully. Sully, who never saw PatrickHenry himself, painted the portrait from a miniature on ivory doneby a French artist in Richmond about 1792. John Marshall, underdate of December 30, 1816, attested its excellence as follows: "I havebeen shown a painting of the late Mr. Henry, painted by Mr. Sully, nowin possession of Mr. Webster, which I think a good likeness."