THE AUTHORS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

[PART I.]
History of Embalming.
[CHAPTER I.]
History of Embalming: Page
[Guanch Embalming] 3
[Egyptian Embalming] 5
[CHAPTER II.]
Embalming from Egyptians down to the Civil War:
[Jews] 15
[Persians] 16
[Babylonians] 17
[Scythians] 17
[Ethiopians] 17
[Romans] 17
[Greeks] 17
[Norsemen] 18
[Hindoos] 18
[French and Belgians] 18
[Britains] 18
[Peruvians] 19
[Aztecs] 19
[North American Indians] 19
[Early Christians] 20
[Later European Embalming] 20
[CHAPTER III.]
Embalming in America after the Civil War:
[Holmes] 25
[Billow] 26
[Clarke] 26
[Renouard] 27
[Sullivan] 27
[Meyers] 27
[Barnes] 27
[PART II.]
Anatomy.
[CHAPTER IV.]
Histology:
[Definition] 35
[A Cell] 35
[Tissues] 37
[Skin] 37
[The Nails] 40
[The Hair] 41
[The Fascia] 43
[The Lymphatics] 44
[Glands] 47
[Cartilage] 48
[Bones] 48
[Teeth] 52
[Nerves] 53
[Muscles] 54
[Tendons] 55
[Aponeuroses] 55
[Ligaments] 55
[Fat] 56
[Mucous Membranes] 57
[Serous Membranes] 57
[Synovial Membranes] 57
[Arteries] 58
[Veins] 60
[Blood] 61
[CHAPTER V.]
Osteology:
[Definition] 69
[The Skeleton] 69
[The Spine] 71
[The Skull] 72
[The Bones of the Cranium] 74
[The Bones of the Face] 74
[The Hyoid Bone] 75
[The Bones of the Thorax] 76
[The Bones of the Upper Extremities] 77
[The Bones of the Lower Extremities] 77
[CHAPTER VI.]
Organology:
[The Cavities] 79
[The Cerebro-Spinal Cavity] 79
[CHAPTER VII.]
Organology,—Continued:
[The Thoracic Cavity] 83
[Larynx] 84
[The Trachea] 85
[The Pleurae] 87
[The Lungs] 88
[The Mediastinum] 91
[The Pericardium] (Heart Sac) 92
[The Heart] 92
[The Alimentary Canal] 96
[The Mouth] 97
[The Teeth] 97
[The Palate] 97
[The Salivary Glands] 98
[The Pharynx] 98
[The Esophagus] 99
[The Diaphragm] 99
[CHAPTER VIII.]
Organology,—Continued:
[The Abdomen] 101
[The Stomach] 103
[The Small Intestines] 106
[Duodenum] 107
[Jejunum] 107
[Ileum] 108
[The Large Intestines] 108
[Caecum] 109
[The Colon] 111
[The Rectum] 112
[Liver] 112
[The Gall Bladder] 114
[The Pancreas] 115
[The Spleen] 116
[The Kidneys] 116
[The Ureters] 117
[The Suprarenal Capsules] 117
[The Pelvic Cavity] 118
[The Bladder] 118
[The Uterus] 118
[Prostate] 119
[The Peritoneum] 120
[CHAPTER IX.]
The Vascular System:
[The Vascular System] 123
[The Blood Vascular System] 123
[The Systemic Circulation] 125
[The Arterial System] 125
[The Capillary Circulation] 132
[The Venous System] 134
[The Pulmonary Circulation] 141
[The Coronary Circulation] 142
[The Portal Circulation] 144
[The Foetal Circulation] 144
[The Collateral Circulation] 147
[The Lymphatic Circulation] 147
[PART III.]
Embalming.
[CHAPTER X.]
Modes Signs and Tests of Death:
[Modes of Death] 156
[Signs of Impending Death] 157
[Tests of Actual Death] 158
[Later and More Positive Signs] 162
[CHAPTER XI.]
Premature Burial:
[Premature Burial] 164
[CHAPTER XII.]
Changes in Blood after Death:
[Cooling of the Body] 167
[Cadaveric Lividity] 168
[Putrefactive Changes] 169
[Skin Slip] 175
[Rigor Mortis] 177
[Fermentation and the Production of Gas] 179
[Spirituous Fermentation] 180
[Digestive Fermentation] 180
[Metabolic Fermentation] 181
[Putrefactive Fermentation] 181
[Abdominal Fermentation] 182
[Gastric Fermentation] 184
[Intestinal Fermentation] 185
[CHAPTER XIII.]
Discolorations:
[Discolorations] 187
[Discolorations Occurring before Death] 188
[Yellow Jaundice] 188
[Pigmentary Atrophy] 189
[Cancerous Spots] 190
[Gangrene] 191
[Ecchymosis] 191
[Wounds] 193
[Fractures] 194
[Scars and Tattoo Marks] 194
[CHAPTER XIV.]
Discolorations,—Continued:
[Discolorations Occurring after Death] 196
[Desiccation] 196
[Greenish Tinge of Putrefaction] 200
[Chemical Action] 202
[Postmortem Discoloration] 203
[Postmortem Staining] 204
[Capillary or Venous Congestion] 204
[CHAPTER XV.]
Arterial Embalming:
[Making the First Call] 205
[The Position of the Body on the Embalming Board] 210
[Selection of an Artery] 211
[How to Raise an Artery] 214
[How to tell an Artery from a Vein or Nerve] 215
[How to Cut an Artery for Injection] 216
[The Injection of Fluid] 218
[Approved Disinfectants] 221
[Embalming Fluids] 221
[Wrapping a Body in Cotton] 221
[The Charge of Embalming] 222
[CHAPTER XVI.]
The Anatomical and Linear Guides for Special Arteries:
[How to Locate and Inject the Carotid Artery] 225
[How to Locate and Inject the Axillary Artery] 231
[How to Locate and Inject the Brachial Artery] 234
[How to Locate and Inject the Radial Artery] 237
[How to Locate and Inject the Ulnar Artery] 240
[How to Locate and Inject the Femoral Artery] 241
[CHAPTER XVII.]
Cavity Embalming:
[Cavity Embalming] 247
[The Cerebral Cavity] 247
[Purging] 249
[The Thoracic or Chest Cavity] 252
[The Abdominal Cavity] 254
[The Direct Incision] 257
[Embalming of the Subcutaneous Tissue] 260
[Plugging Orifices of the Body] 262
[Removal of Urine] 263
[CHAPTER XVIII.]
The Removal of Blood:
[The Removal of Blood] 264
[Right Auricle of Heart.—Direct Method] 273
[Right Ventricle of Heart.—Direct Method] 274
[Right Auricle of Heart.—Indirect Method] 274
[Femoral Vein] 276
[Axillary Vein] 277
[Basilic Vein] 278
[Internal Jugular Vein] 279
[PART IV.]
Treatment.
[CHAPTER XIX.]
Treatment of Special Diseases:
[Anthrax] 285
[Cerebro-Spinal Fever] 286
[Erysipelas] 287
[Glanders] 288
[Hydrophobia] 289
[Relapsing Fever] 290
[Syphilis] 290
[Tetanus] 292
[Actinomycosis] 293
[Dengue] 294
[Malarial Fever] 295
[Yellow Fever] 296
[Diphtheria] 297
[Tuberculosis] 298
[Typhoid Fever] 299
[Leprosy] 301
[Influenza] 301
[Cholera] 302
[Bubonic Plague] 303
[Scarlet Fever] 304
[Variola] 305
[Measles] 306
[Parotitis] 307
[Pertussis] 308
[Typhus Fever] 308
[Varicella] 309
[Septicemia] 310
[Pyemia] 311
[CHAPTER XX.]
Treatment of Special Diseases,—Continued:
[Diseases of the Respiratory System] 312
[Gangrene of the Lung] 312
[Pulmonary Hemorrhage] 312
[Pulmonary Abscess] 314
[Pneumonia] 314
[Hydrothorax] 317
[CHAPTER XXI.]
Treatment of Special Diseases,—Continued:
[Diseases of the Circulatory System] 318
[Pericarditis] 318
[Hydropericardium] 318
[Hemopericardium] 319
[Pneumo-Pericardium] 319
[Endocarditis] 320
[Aortic Incompetency] 321
[Aortic Stenosis] 321
[Mitral Incompetency] 321
[Mitral Stenosis] 322
[Tricuspid Incompetency] 322
[Tricuspid Stenosis] 323
[Pulmonary Incompetency] 323
[Pulmonary Stenosis] 323
[Cardiac Thrombosis] 323
[Hypertrophy of the Heart] 324
[Cardiac Dilatation] 324
[Cardiac Atrophy] 324
[Arterio Sclerosis] 325
[Fatty Degeneration of the Arteries] 326
[Aneurism] 328
[CHAPTER XXII.]
Treatment of Special Diseases.—Continued:
[Diseases of the Digestive System] 329
[Jaundice] 329
[Cirrhosis of the Liver] 333
[Carcinoma of the Liver] 335
[Appendicitis] 336
[Peritonitis] 336
[Dropsy] 337
[Ascites] 337
[Anasarca] 339
[CHAPTER XXIII.]
Treatment of Accident Cases:
[Broken Neck] 341
[Hanging] 341
[Strangulation] 341
[Body Severed] 342
[The Arm Severed] 343
[The Leg Severed] 344
[The Head Severed] 344
[The Head Crushed] 345
[The Foot Crushed] 345
[The Chest Crushed] 346
[Gun-shot in the Abdomen] 347
[Burns and Scalds] 347
[CHAPTER XXIV.]
Treatment of Posted Cases:
[Cranial Evisceration] 351
[Thoracic Autopsy] 351
[Abdominal Post] 351
[Posted Cases] 352
[CHAPTER XXV.]
Treatment of Miscellaneous Cases:
[Alcoholism] 354
[Morphinism] 356
[Plumbism] 356
[Arsenicism] 357
[Mercurialism] 357
[Heat-Stroke] 357
[Obesity] 358
[Elephantiasis] 359
[Drowned Cases] 359
[Floater] 359
[Mother and Unborn Child] 360
[Senility] 361
[Gangrene] 362

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
1. [View of the skin] 36
2. [A cross section of the skin] 37
3. [Lymphatics of the head and neck] 45
4. [Lymphatics of the leg] 46
5. [Cross section of the bone] 50
6. [Section of a nerve fiber] 53
7. [View of muscle fibers] 54
8. [Section of artery] 58
9. [Valves of the veins] 60
10. [Cross section through a small artery and vein] 60
11. [Human blood] 61
12. [The skeleton] 69
13. [The spine] 71
14. [The skull] 73
15. [Brain and spinal cord] 80
16. [Front view of the thorax] 83
17. [The cartilages of the larynx, the trachea and bronchi] 86
18. [The root of the left lung] 89
19. [A cross section of the heart showing valves] 93
20. [The right auricle and ventricle laid open] 94
21. [Passage into trachea and esophagus] 98
22. [The regions of the abdomen and their contents] 102
23. [The coeliac axis and its branches] 104
24. [The caecum and colon laid open to show the ileocaecal valve] 110
25. [Excretory apparatus of the liver] 114
26. [The abdominal aorta and its branches] 116
27. [The peritoneum] 120
28. [The arch of the aorta and its branches] 126
29. [The internal carotid and vertebral arteries] 127
30. [The circle of Willis] 128
31. [The arteries of the face and scalp] 129
32. [The external carotid and its branches] 129
33. [The anterior tibial artery] 130
34. [The popliteal, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries] 130
35. [Capillaries] 133
36. [Superficial veins of the head and neck] 135
37. [The internal long saphenous vein] 136
38. [The superficial veins of the arm] 137
39. [Vertical section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the duramater] 138
40. [The sinuses at the base of the skull] 139
41. [The azygos system and the venae cavae with branches] 141
42. [The front view of the heart] 143
43. [The back view of the heart] 143
44. [Plan of the foetal circulation] 145
45. [Collateral anastomosis of veins] 147
46. [The arteries of the neck] 226
47. [The axillary artery and its branches] 232
48. [The brachial artery] 235
49. [The radial and ulnar arteries] 240
50. [The femoral artery] 243

PART I. HISTORY OF EMBALMING

Ancient Embalming