The Rise of the Mediaeval Church / And Its Influence on the Civilization of Western Europe from the First to the Thirteenth Century

by Alexander Clarence Flick

[503:1] Oman, Art of War in the Middle Ages.

[504:1] Stubbs, ii., 128.

[504:2] Prutz, Kulturgesch. der Kreuzzüge; Draper, Intel. Develop. of Europe, ch. 11, 13, 16.

[506:1] Lea, Hist. of the Inq., i., 269, 272.

[507:1] The results of the Crusades may with profit be classified as (1) positive and negative, (2) direct and indirect, (3) immediate and remote, and (4) permanent and transitory.

---

CHAPTER XXI
RISE OF THE MENDICANT ORDERS IN THE CHURCH

Outline: I.—Monasticism before the Crusades. II.—Effect of the Crusades on monasticism. III.—Origin of the begging orders. IV.—Rise and influence of the Dominicans. V.—Origin and power of the Franciscans. VI.—Wide-spread results of mediæval monasticism. VII.—Sources.

The rise of monasticism[510:1] and the monastic reformation[510:2] have already been considered. The spirit of the Clugniac and Hildebrandine reformation was projected into the twelfth and thirteenth centuries through new monastic orders.