The Rise of the Mediaeval Church / And Its Influence on the Civilization of Western Europe from the First to the Thirteenth Century

by Alexander Clarence Flick

The admission of the belief that the Petrine theory is founded on certain established facts, and not merely on fancies and myths, does not carry with it the recognition of all the assertions which form a part of that theory. Peter's unique leadership in the apostolic college, his activity in founding the Roman Church, and his naming of a successor, who in time became the Pope, may all be granted without carrying with it the necessity of accepting the assertion that Christ chose Peter to be the head of a definite, divinely-planned Church and that Peter, conscious of that great mission, went to the capital of the Roman Empire, and there organised the only true Church on earth.

Sources

• A.—PRIMARY:
  • I.—CHRISTIAN:
    • 1.—New Testament (27 canonical books).
    • 2.—New Testament Apocrypha (see [Chap. III]).
    • 3.—Church Fathers:
      • 1.—Clement of Rome. Ante-Nic. Christ. Lib., i., ch. 5; iii., ch. 12 ff.; Am. ed., ix.
      • 2.—Ignatius. Ib., i., 137 ff., 449 ff.
      • 3.—Papias. Ib., i., 441 ff.
      • 4.—Dionysius of Corinth (d. 178?). Euseb., ii., 25.
      • 5.—Clement of Alexandria (d. 218?), Miscellanies. Ante-Nic. Christ. Lib., iv., 355; xii., 326, 379, 451, 452; Am. ed., ii.
      • 6.—Irenæus. Ib., i., 261; Am. ed., i.
      • 7.—Tertullian. Ib., ii., 408; xv., 25; xviii., 118; Am. ed., iii., iv.
      • 8.—Origen. Ib., xxiii., 1-3; Am. ed., iv.
      • 9.—Hippolytus. Ib., ix., 130.
      • 10.—Peter of Alexandria (d. 311). Ib., xiv., 305, 318.
      • 11.—Caius of Rome (210?). Euseb., ii., 25; iii., 28; v., 28; vi., 20. Ante-Nic. Fathers, v.
  • II. NON-CHRISTIAN:
    • 1.—Eusebius, Eccl. Hist. Many eds.
    • 2.—Socrates, Eccl. Hist. Nic. and Post-Nic. Fathers, ii., 109.
    • 3.—Theodoret, Letters. No. 86. Ib., iii., 282.
    • 4.—Josephus and Philo. See [Chap. IV.]
    • 5.—Heathen writers like Lucan, Pliny, Tacitus, Suetonius, Celsus, Porphyry, and Julian. See Chaps. [III.] and [IV.]
• B.—SECONDARY:
  • I.—SPECIAL:
    • 1.—Allies, T. W., St. Peter: His Name and His Office. Lond., 1895.
    • 2.—Allmatt, C. F. B., Cathedra Petri. Lond., 1884. Was St. Peter Bishop of Rome? Lond., 1887.
    • 3.—Barnes, A. S., St. Peter in Rome and His Tomb in the Vatican Hill. Lond., 1900.
    • 4.—Berington and Kirk, Faith of the Catholics. 3 vols. N. Y., 1885.
    • 5.—Birks, H. A., Studies in the Life and Character of St. Peter. Lond., 1887.
    • 6.—Bright, W., The Roman See in the Early Church. Lond., 1896.
    • 7.—Brown, J. H., Peter the Apostle never in Rome. Lond., 1861.
    • 8.—Bruce, A. B., Training of the Twelve. N. Y., 1871.
    • 9.—Darby, W. A., St. Peter at Rome. Lond., 1872.
    • 10.—Ellendorf, J., St. Peter: Was He ever at Rome and a Bishop of the Church of Rome? Lond., 1887.
    • 11.—Fouard, C., St. Peter and the First Years of Christianity. N. Y., 1892.
    • 12.—Gallagher, M., Was the Apostle Peter ever at Rome? N. Y., 1894.
    • 13.—Green, S. G., The Apostle Peter: His Life and Letters. Lond., 1873.
    • 14.—Hatch, E., "Peter," Encyc. Brit.
    • 15.—Hodder, E., Simon Peter: His Life. Lond., 1893.
    • 16.—Kenrick, F. P., The Primacy of the Apostolic See Vindicated. Phil., 1855.
    • 17.—Lightfoot, J. B., St. Peter in Rome. Clement, ii., 481. Lond., 1890.
    • 18.—Littledale, R. F., The Petrine Claims. N. Y., 1889.
    • 19.—Livius, T., St. Peter, Bishop of Rome. Lond., 1902.
    • 20.—Murphy, J. N., The Chair of St. Peter. Lond., 1888.
    • 21.—Puller, F. W., The Primitive Saints and the See of Rome. Lond., 1900.
    • 22.—Ramsay, W. M., The Church in the Roman Empire. Lond., 1893.
    • 23.—Rivington, L., The Primitive Church and the See of St. Peter. N. Y., 1894.
    • 24.—Robins, S., Against the Claims of the Roman Church. Lond., 1853.
    • 25.—Robinson, C. S., Simon Peter: His Life and Times. 2 vols. Lond., 1890-5.
    • 26.—Ryberg, A. V., Roman Legends about the Apostles Paul and Peter. Lond., 1898.
    • 27.—Simon, T. C., The Mission and Martyrdom of St Peter. Lond., 1852.
  • II.—GENERAL:
    • Alzog, i., 117-133. Backhouse, 76, 229. Bartlett, 297 ff., 364 ff. Blunt, i., 10, 24, 28, 43, 45. Bouzique, i., ch. 1. Brock, ch. 2, 3. Cheetham, ch. 2, § 5; ch. 4, § 5. Cox, i., ch. 10, 11. Darras, i., ch. 1-3. Döllinger, First Age, i., 71-83; ii., 115, 145; Hist. of Ch., i., ch. 3, § 4. Duff, ch. 7. Farrar, bk. ii., ch. 5-11. Fisher, 18, 20, 23, 26,
    • 43, 57, 106. Gibbon, ch. 9, 10. Gieseler, i., § 27. Giles, ch. 16. Gilmartin, i., ch. 2, pp. 28, 29. Greenwood, i., ch. 1-3. Hase, 30. Hurst, i., 104-106, 325. Jackson, ch. 3, 11. Jennings, i., ch. 1. Killen, § 1, ch. 10. Kurtz, i., 45. Mahan, bk. i., ch. 8. Milman, i., ch. 1. Milner, i., cent. 1, ch. 12. Moeller, i., 345. Neander, Planting, etc., i., bk. iv., ch. 2; Ch. Hist., i., 84, 203, 211. Pressensé, Early Years of Christ. 10 ff., 64, 176. Renan, The Apostles, ch. 6. Robertson, bk. i., ch. 8, p. 160. Schaff, Apost. Age, bk. i., ch. 4; Ch. Hist., pd. i., ch. 4. Stanley, Apost. Age, 1-5, 56-114. Walpole, ch. 1-3.

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FOOTNOTES:

[71:1] Moeller, i., 67, 75; cf. Acts xviii., 1-3.

[71:2] Gibbon, i., 579.

[71:3] Apol., 5; Suetonius, Life of Claudius, 25.

[71:4] Euseb., ii., c. 2.

[72:1] Shortly before the Christian era the Jews were so numerous that 8000 could sign a petition to the Emperor.—Josephus, Antiq., xvii., c. 11.