“This is one of those highwaymen, that was condemned last sessions.” According to the grammatical construction of this sentence, “one of those highwaymen” is the predicate; for the syntactical arrangement is, “This (highwayman), that was condemned last sessions, is one of those highwaymen.” But this is not the meaning which this sentence is in general intended to convey: for it is usually employed to denote, that several highwaymen were condemned, and that this is one of them. The sentence, therefore, thus understood, is ungrammatical; for the antecedent is, in this case, not one, but highwaymen. The relative, therefore, being plural, should be joined with a plural verb, thus, “This is one of those highwaymen, that were condemned last sessions.”
“I had went to Lisbon, before you knew that I had arrived in England.” This is an egregious solecism, the auxiliary verb had, which requires the perfect participle, being here joined with the preterite tense. It should be, “I had gone.”
“He would not fall the trees this season.” The verb “to fall” is intransitive, and cannot therefore be followed by an objective case, denoting a thing acted upon. It should be, “he would not fell.”
“Let him know, that I shall be over in spring, and that by all means he sells the horses.”—Swift. Here we have in the latter clause a thing expressed as done or doing, for a thing commanded. It should be, “that he should sell;” or elliptically, “that he sell.”
“It is very probable that neither of these are the meaning of the text.” Neither, means, “not the one, nor the other,” denoting the exclusion of each of two things. It should, therefore, be, “neither is the meaning of the text.”
“He was a man, whose vices were very great, and had the art to conceal them from the eyes of the public.” According to the grammatical construction of this sentence, vices understood is the nominative to the verb had; thus, “whose vices were very great, and whose vices had the art to conceal them.” It should be, “and who had the art to conceal them.”
“At the foot of this hill was soon built such a number of houses, that amounted to a considerable city.” Here the verb amounted has no nominative. To render the sentence grammatical, it should be, “that they amounted,” or “as amounted to a considerable city.”
“It requires more logic than you possess, to make a man to believe that prodigality is not a vice.” After the verb “to make,” the sign of the infinitive should be omitted. See [Rule xv. note 3].
“He dare not,” “he need not,” may be justly pronounced solecisms, for “he dares,” “he needs.”
“How do your pulse beat?” Pulse is a noun singular, and is here ungrammatically joined with a verb plural. It should be, “how does your pulse beat?”