The Phase Rule and Its Applications

by Alexander Findlay

[380] G. Preuner, Zeitschr. physikal. Chem., 1903, 47. 385.

[381] See Hahn, Zeitschr. physikal. Chem., 1903, 42. 705; 44. 513; Boudouard, Bull. Soc. chim., [3], 25. 484; Bodländer, Zeitschr. f. Elektrochem., 1902, 8. 833; R. Schenck and Zimmermann, Ber., 1903, 36. 1231, 3663; Schenck and Heller, ibid., 1905, 38. 2132; Zeitschr. f. Elektrochem., 1903, 9. 691; Haber, Thermodynamik technischer Gasreaktionen, p. 293 (Munich, 1903).

[382] A very useful summary of the investigations carried out by van't Hoff and his pupils on the formation of the Stassfurt salt-beds is given by E. F. Armstrong, in the Reports of the British Association for 1901, p. 262. See also van't Hoff, Zur Bildung der ozeanischen Salzablagerungen (Brunswick, 1905).

[383] See especially Meyerhoffer, Silzungsber. Wien. Akad., 1895, 104. II. b, 840; Meyerhoffer and Saunders, Zeitschr. physikal. Chem., 1899, 28. 453; 31. 370. The investigation of the equilibria between reciprocal salt-pairs alone (three-component systems) is of great importance for the artificial preparations of minerals, as also in analytical chemistry for the proper understanding of the methods of conversion of insoluble systems into soluble by fusion (see Meyerhoffer, Zeitschr. physikal. Chem., 1901, 38. 307).

[384] See Meyerhoffer, Zeitschr. physikal. Chem., 1899, 28. 459.

[385] Compare the reciprocal salt-pair NaCl—NH₄HCO₃ (p. [321]). In this case the upper limit of the transition interval was found by extrapolation of the solubility curve for NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl + NH₄HCO₃ and NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl + NaCl to be 32° (Fedotieff, Zeitschr. phys. Chem., 1904, 49. 179).

[386] Löwenherz, Zeitschr. physikal. Chem., 1894, 13. 464.

[387] Meyerhoffer and Saunders, Zeitschr. physikal. Chem., 1899, 28. 479.

[388] As the quantities of the salts are expressed in equivalent gram-molecules, the molecule of sodium and potassium chloride must be doubled in order to be equivalent to sodium sulphate and potassium sulphate.

[389] Sitz-Ber. der kgl. preuss. Akad. der Wiss., 1903, p. 359. Van't Hoff, Zur Bildung der ozeanischen Salzablagerungen, I. p. 34 (Brunswick, 1905).