[16] See [Appendix I.]
[17] See [Appendix II.]
[18] See [Appendix III.]
[19] See [Appendices I.], [II.], and [III.]
[20] The annual value of the whole foreign trade with China, imports and exports, is now about £70,000,000.
[21] His predecessors had been governors of Fort William in Bengal.
[22] Eastern countries send to Europe half of the whole consumption of the West—China yielding 35 per cent to 40 per cent of the entire supply, Japan 12 per cent.
[23] It is worth notice that this consistent opponent of the opium trade during fifty active years should have come under the ban of the Anti-Opium Society in England when the discussion of this important question degenerated into a mere polemic.
[24] Import duty had been regularly levied on opium for a hundred years, the prohibition of importation having been decreed after 1796 (Eitel).
[25] During the last two decades important factors—such as foreign loans, armaments, and the like—have so influenced the movements of gold and silver that they bear no such simple relation to the "balance of trade" properly so called as was formerly the case.