[54]. For an account of this Indian, see Franchère, note 46.—Ed.
[55]. Compare Franchère’s account of the destruction of the “Tonquin” with this of Ross. The village was Newity or New Whitty. Nootka Sound is on the west coast of Vancouver Island, in latitude 49° 50′ north.—Ed.
[56]. For notes on the following persons and places mentioned in this chapter, see Bradbury’s Travels, volume v of our series: Hunt, note 2; McKenzie, note 4; Crooks, note 3; Missouri Fur Company, note 149; Miller, note 72; Nadowa, note 5; McClellan, note 72.—Ed.
[57]. This route, travelled by Marquette and Jolliet in 1673 was from a well-established Indian and French waterway between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi. The Fox River (of Wisconsin) was ascended from Green Bay to the present site of Portage, Wisconsin; a portage path of a mile and a half in length was followed (in floods, the intervening swamp was overflowed, and Wisconsin River waters emptied into the Fox), and the Wisconsin was descended to its junction with the Mississippi, at Prairie du Chien.—Ed.
[58]. The Three Tetons are the most noted historic peaks in the Rocky Mountains. The topography of the country is such that the highest peak, Grand Teton (13,691 feet) can be seen from a great distance and has long served as a landmark to trappers and pioneers. Unlike the mountains of that region, the Tetons are not hemmed in by foothills, but rise in bold relief from the surrounding plateau—the Grand Teton towering seven thousand feet above Jackson Lake, at its base. The range is but sixty miles long and lies some twenty-five miles south-west of Yellowstone Lake. It is crossed by Teton Pass, about twenty miles south of Grand Teton.—Ed.
[59]. For a sketch of Stuart, see Bradbury’s Travels, volume v of our series, note 119.
Russell Farnham of Massachusetts came to Astoria on the “Tonquin.” He left with Captain Hunt on the brig “Pedlar,” was landed at Kamchatka, journeyed overland to Hamburg, and sailed thence to New York. When the American Fur Company resumed operations after the War of 1812–15, he was foremost in endeavoring to establish posts on the Missouri River. In 1831 he had charge of the trade in the country of the Sauk and Fox Indians, and died at St. Louis, October 30, 1832.—Ed.
[60]. For a brief description of the Snake Indians, see Bradbury’s Travels, note 123.—Ed.
[61]. Lewis and Clark state that the Indians designated the great falls of the Columbia by the words “Timm,” so pronounced as to represent the fall of a distant cataract.—Ed.
[62]. Simon Fraser, on his first expedition west of the Rocky Mountains (1805), gave the name “New Caledonia” to the region of Stuart and upper Fraser rivers, whose numerous lakes, lying among the bold and craggy mountains, reminded him of the Scotch highlands. The following year, accompanied by John Stuart, he farther explored the country and established St. James post, on Stuart River. For some time the boundaries of New Caledonia were indefinite, but its southern limit was always over two hundred miles north of Okanagan post. After it was erected into a district of the Hudson’s Bay Company, it extended from 51° 30′ to 56° north latitude and from 124° 10′ west longitude to the Rocky Mountains. Fort Alexandria (established 1821), on Fraser River, one hundred and seventy miles north of Fort Okanagan, became the principal trading post of the district.—Ed.