“(Tower) of John Palæologus, Emperor in Christ.”
A similar inscription is on the second outer tower north of the Golden Gate:
“(Tower) of John Palæeologus, Emperor in Christ; in the year 1444.”
Another is on the fifth outer tower north of the Second Military Gate:
ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΕΝ ΧΩ
ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟ
ΡΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟΥ
ΚΑΤΑ ΜÉΝΑ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ